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Kerr NR, Mossman CW, Chou CH, Bunten JM, Kelty TJ, Childs TE, Rector RS, Arnold WD, Grisanti LA, Du X, Booth FW. Hindlimb immobilization induces insulin resistance and elevates mitochondrial ROS production in the hippocampus of female rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:512-526. [PMID: 38961821 PMCID: PMC11424180 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00234.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fifth leading cause of death in older adults, and treatment options are severely lacking. Recent findings demonstrate a strong relationship between skeletal muscle and cognitive function, with evidence supporting that muscle quality and cognitive function are positively correlated in older adults. Conversely, decreased muscle function is associated with a threefold increased risk of cognitive decline. Based on these observations, the purpose of this study was to investigate the negative effects of muscle disuse [via a model of hindlimb immobilization (HLI)] on hippocampal insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function and identify the potential mechanisms involved. HLI for 10 days in 4-mo-old female Wistar rats resulted in the following novel findings: 1) hippocampal insulin resistance and deficits in whole body glucose homeostasis, 2) dramatically increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hippocampus, 3) elevated markers for amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein in the hippocampus, 4) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. These findings were associated with global changes in iron homeostasis, with muscle disuse producing muscle iron accumulation in association with decreased serum and whole brain iron levels. We report the novel finding that muscle disuse alters brain iron homeostasis and reveal a strong negative correlation between muscle and brain iron content. Overall, HLI-induced muscle disuse has robust negative effects on hippocampal insulin sensitivity and ROS production in association with altered brain iron homeostasis. This work provides potential novel mechanisms that may help explain how loss of muscle function contributes to cognitive decline and AD risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle disuse via hindlimb immobilization increased oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the hippocampus. These findings were in association with muscle iron overload in connection with iron dysregulation in the brain. Overall, our work identifies muscle disuse as a contributor to hippocampal dysfunction, potentially through an iron-based muscle-brain axis, highlighting iron dysregulation as a potential novel mechanism in the relationship between muscle health, cognitive function, and Alzheimer's disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Kerr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Chandler W Mossman
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Joshua M Bunten
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Taylor J Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Thomas E Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Randy Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - William David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Xiangwei Du
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Gros A, Furlan FM, Rouglan V, Favereaux A, Bontempi B, Morel JL. Physical exercise restores adult neurogenesis deficits induced by simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38906877 PMCID: PMC11192769 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments have been reported in astronauts during spaceflights and documented in ground-based models of simulated microgravity (SMG) in animals. However, the neuronal causes of these behavioral effects remain largely unknown. We explored whether adult neurogenesis, known to be a crucial plasticity mechanism supporting memory processes, is altered by SMG. Adult male Long-Evans rats were submitted to the hindlimb unloading model of SMG. We studied the proliferation, survival and maturation of newborn cells in the following neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ)/olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, at different delays following various periods of SMG. SMG exposure for 7 days, but not shorter periods of 6 or 24 h, resulted in a decrease of newborn cell proliferation restricted to the DG. SMG also induced a decrease in short-term (7 days), but not long-term (21 days), survival of newborn cells in the SVZ/OB and DG. Physical exercise, used as a countermeasure, was able to reverse the decrease in newborn cell survival observed in the SVZ and DG. In addition, depending on the duration of SMG periods, transcriptomic analysis revealed modifications in gene expression involved in neurogenesis. These findings highlight the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to gravitational environmental factors during a transient period, suggesting that there is a period of adaptation of physiological systems to this new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gros
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, F-75001, Paris, France
| | - Fandilla Marie Furlan
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Genetics & Evolution, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Rouglan
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruno Bontempi
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Morel
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Kazmi S, Farajdokht F, Meynaghizadeh-Zargar R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Pasokh A, Farzipour M, Farazi N, Hamblin MR, Mahmoudi J. Transcranial photobiomodulation mitigates learning and memory impairments induced by hindlimb unloading in a mouse model of microgravity exposure by suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation signaling pathways. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148583. [PMID: 37717889 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged microgravity exposure causes cognitive impairment. Evidence shows that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the causation. Here, we explore the effectiveness of transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) on cognitive deficits in a mouse model of simulated microgravity. 24 adult male C57BL/6 mice were assigned into three groups (8 in each); control, hindlimb unloading (HU), and HU + PBM groups. After surgery to fit the suspension fixing, the animals were housed either in HU cages or in their normal cage for 14 days. The mice in the HU + PBM group received PBM (810 nm laser, 10 Hz, 8 J/cm2) once per day for 14 days. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Lashley III maze and hippocampus tissue samples were collected to assess oxidative stress markers and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Behavioral testing showed that the PBM-treated animals had a shorter latency time to find the target and fewer errors than the HU group. PBM decreased hippocampal lipid peroxidation while increasing antioxidant defense systems (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) compared to HU mice. PBM increased protein expression of Sirt1, Nrf2, and BDNF while decreasing NF-κB compared to HU mice. Our findings suggested that the protective effect of PBM against HU-induced cognitive impairment involved the activation of the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, up-regulation of BDNF, and reduction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Kazmi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Pasokh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Farzipour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narmin Farazi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Naumova AA, Oleynik EA, Grigorieva YS, Nikolaeva SD, Chernigovskaya EV, Glazova MV. In search of stress: analysis of stress-related markers in mice after hindlimb unloading and social isolation. Neurol Res 2023; 45:957-968. [PMID: 37642364 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2252280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hindlimb unloading (HU), widely used to simulate microgravity effects, is known to induce a stress response. However, as single-housed animals are usually used in such experiments, social isolation (SI) stress can affect experimental results. In the present study, we aimed to delineate stressful effects of 3-day HU and SI in mice. METHODS Three animal groups, HU, SI, and group-housed (GH) control mice, were recruited. A comprehensive analysis of stress-related markers was performed using ELISA, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results showed that blood corticosterone and activity of glucocorticoid receptors and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of SI and HU animals did not differ from GH control. However, SI mice demonstrated upregulation of the hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), and glutamate decarboxylases 65/67 (GAD65/67) along with activation of Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) in the amygdala confirming the expression of stress. In HU mice, the same increase in GAD65/67 and Fra-1 indicated the contribution of SI. The special HU effect was expressed only in neurogenesis attenuation. DISCUSSION Thus, our data indicated that 3-day HU could not be characterized as physiological stress, but SI stress contributed to the negative effects of HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Naumova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Oleynik
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yulia S Grigorieva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana D Nikolaeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Chernigovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita V Glazova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Oleynik EA, Naumova АА, Grigorieva YS, Bakhteeva VT, Lavrova EA, Chernigovskaya EV, Glazova MV. Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Short-Term Hindlimb Unloading. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bazanova OM, Kovaleva AV. Psychophysiological Indicators of Postural Control. Contribution of the Russian Scientific School. Part I. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 48:207-228. [PMID: 35462944 PMCID: PMC9017964 DOI: 10.1134/s0362119722020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article aimed to systematically review the published results of studies of psychophysiological mechanisms of posture maintenance and identify the key factors that influence the effectiveness of postural control. The recommendations of "Preferred Reporting Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes" (PRISMA) were followed for the review. The results were classified, taking into account the target psychophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting postural control. The article presents the theoretical and empirical results of the Russian scientific school of research on the role of support afferentation in the sensorimotor mechanisms of cognitive and postural functions. Due to the limited number of randomized studies found, it was impossible to make meta-analytic comparisons, so the literature analysis was carried out only qualitatively. Meanwhile, our systematic review provides promising information about possible relationships between stabilometric and psychological indicators of postural control, which have theoretical significance and application in the correction and training of posture control. However, more thorough research is needed to overcome the methodological shortcomings that we have encountered in our qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Bazanova
- State Research Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. V. Kovaleva
- Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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