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Bhandari K, Ding WQ. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: New Molecular Targets for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3958. [PMID: 38612768 PMCID: PMC11011826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant disease with a low 5-year overall survival rate. It is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The lack of robust therapeutics, absence of effective biomarkers for early detection, and aggressive nature of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate of PDAC. Notably, the outcomes of recent immunotherapy and targeted therapy against PDAC remain unsatisfactory, indicating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. One of the newly described molecular features of PDAC is the altered expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs are a group of enzymes known to methylate arginine residues in both histone and non-histone proteins, thereby mediating cellular homeostasis in biological systems. Some of the PRMT enzymes are known to be overexpressed in PDAC that promotes tumor progression and chemo-resistance via regulating gene transcription, cellular metabolic processes, RNA metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs are currently under clinical trials and can potentially become a new generation of anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PRMTs in PDAC, focusing on their pathological roles and their potential as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BMSB401A, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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Wang YJ, Cao JB, Yang J, Liu T, Yu HL, He ZX, Bao SL, He XX, Zhu XJ. PRMT5-mediated homologous recombination repair is essential to maintain genomic integrity of neural progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:123. [PMID: 38459149 PMCID: PMC10923982 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is a prerequisite for proliferating NPCs to ensure genetic fidelity. Though histone arginine methylation has been shown to play important roles in safeguarding genomic stability, the underlying mechanism during brain development is not fully understood. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II protein arginine methyltransferase that plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Here, we identify PRMT5 as a key regulator of DNA repair in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) during NPC proliferation. Prmt5F/F; Emx1-Cre (cKO-Emx1) mice show a distinctive microcephaly phenotype, with partial loss of the dorsal medial cerebral cortex and complete loss of the corpus callosum and hippocampus. This phenotype is resulted from DSBs accumulation in the medial dorsal cortex followed by cell apoptosis. Both RNA sequencing and in vitro DNA repair analyses reveal that PRMT5 is required for DNA homologous recombination (HR) repair. PRMT5 specifically catalyzes H3R2me2s in proliferating NPCs in the developing mouse brain to enhance HR-related gene expression during DNA repair. Finally, overexpression of BRCA1 significantly rescues DSBs accumulation and cell apoptosis in PRMT5-deficient NSCs. Taken together, our results show that PRMT5 maintains genomic stability by regulating histone arginine methylation in proliferating NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jian-Bo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hua-Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zi-Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shi-Lai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Li Z, Meng D, Liu Y, Bi F, Tian K, Xu J, Sun J, Gu C, Li Y. Knockdown of PRMT1 suppresses the malignant biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells and increases cisplatin sensitivity via c-Myc-mediated BCAT1 downregulation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23537. [PMID: 37700640 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) is an oncogene in multiple malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of PRMT1 in OS. The effects of PRMT1 or BCAT1, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) on OS cell proliferation, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis in vitro were examined. Moreover, molecular control of PRMT1 on c-Myc or transactivation of BCAT1 on c-Myc was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays. The effects of PRMT1 in vivo were examined with a xenograft tumor model. The results showed that PRMT1 was potently upregulated in OS tissues and cells. Upregulation of PRMT1 markedly increased OS cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and reduced cell apoptosis, whereas PRMT1 silencing showed the opposite effects. Cisplatin, one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs, improved cell survival rate by inducing the expression of PRMT1 to downregulate the cisplatin sensitivity. Meanwhile, the cisplatin-induced upregulation of PRMT1 expression caused dramatically autophagy induction and autophagy-mediated apoptosis by inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway, which could be reversed by 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, or PRMT1 silencing. PRMT1 could activate c-Myc transcription and increase c-Myc-mediated expression of BCAT1. Furthermore, BCAT1 overexpression counteracted the effects of PRMT1 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Of note, deficiency of PRMT1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. PRMT1 facilitated the proliferation and invasion of OS cells, inhibited cell apoptosis, and decreased chemotherapy sensitivity through c-Myc/BCAT1 axis, which may become potential target in treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongdong Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Fanggang Bi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ke Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianguang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chexi Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Wang X, Xu W, Zhu C, Cheng Y, Qi J. PRMT7 Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing the PI3K/AKT Pathway via PTEN. J Cancer 2023; 14:2833-2844. [PMID: 37781082 PMCID: PMC10539571 DOI: 10.7150/jca.88102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) plays a crucial role in tumor occurrence and development; however, its expression pattern, biological function, and specific mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly defined. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PRMT7 during GC carcinogenesis and its underlying mechanism. We found that PRMT7 is expressed at low levels in GC tissues, and this low expression is associated with tumor size, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Functionally, PRMT7 inhibits GC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, PRMT7 induces PTEN expression and suppresses the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. Finally, we confirmed that PRMT7 interacts with PTEN protein and promotes PTEN arginine methylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that PRMT7 can inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation by regulating PTEN, thereby inhibiting GC cell proliferation and migration. PRMT7 may be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemin Qi
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, People's Republic of China
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Zheng J, Li B, Wu Y, Wu X, Wang Y. Targeting Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT5 for Cancer Therapy: Updated Progress and Novel Strategies. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a predominant type II protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5 plays critical roles in various normal cellular processes by catalyzing the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of a wide range of histone and nonhistone substrates. Clinical studies have revealed that high expression of PRMT5 is observed in different solid tumors and hematological malignancies and is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. Accordingly, PRMT5 is becoming a promising anticancer target and has received great attention in both the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community. In this Perspective, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in the development of first-generation PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors and highlight novel strategies targeting PRMT5 in the past 5 years. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of PRMT5 inhibition, with the aim of shedding light on future PRMT5 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zheng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bang Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingqi Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Bondoc TJ, Lowe TL, Clarke SG. The exquisite specificity of human protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) toward Arg-X-Arg sites. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285812. [PMID: 37216364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) has been shown to target substrates with motifs containing two arginine residues separated by one other residue (RXR motifs). In particular, the repression domain of human histone H2B (29-RKRSR-33) has been a key substrate in determining PRMT7 activity. We show that incubating human PRMT7 and [3H]-AdoMet with full-length Xenopus laevis histone H2B, containing the substitutions K30R and R31K (RKRSR to RRKSR), results in greatly reduced methylation activity. Using synthetic peptides, we have now focused on the enzymology behind this specificity. We show for the human and Xenopus peptide sequences 23-37 the difference in activity results from changes in the Vmax rather than the apparent binding affinity of the enzyme for the substrates. We then characterized six additional peptides containing a single arginine or a pair of arginine residues flanked by glycine and lysine residues. We have corroborated previous findings that peptides with an RXR motif have much higher activity than peptides that contain only one Arg residue. We show that these peptides have similar apparent km values but significant differences in their Vmax values. Finally, we have examined the effect of ionic strength on these peptides. We found the inclusion of salt had little effect on the Vmax value but a considerable increase in the apparent km value, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ionic strength on PRMT7 activity occurs largely by decreasing apparent substrate-enzyme binding affinity. In summary, we find that even subtle substitutions in the RXR recognition motif can dramatically affect PRMT7 catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bondoc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Troy L Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Grypari IM, Pappa I, Papastergiou T, Zolota V, Bravou V, Melachrinou M, Megalooikonomou V, Tzelepi V. Elucidating the role of PRMTs in prostate cancer using open access databases and a patient cohort dataset. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:287-302. [PMID: 36082942 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is an understudied epigenetic mechanism catalyzed by enzymes known as Protein Methyltransferases of Arginine (PRMTs), while the opposite reaction is performed by Jumonji domain- containing protein 6 (JMJD6). There is increasing evidence that PRMTs are deregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, the expression of two PRMT members, PRMT2 and PRMT7 as well as JMJD6, a demethylase, was analyzed in PCa. Initially, we retrieved data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the differential expression of various PRMT family members in patients with PCa and then applied immunohistochemistry in a patient cohort across the spectrum of PCa, including non-neoplastic prostate tissue and lymph node metastatic foci. The results from the TCGA analysis revealed that PRMT7, PRMT6 and PRMT3 expression increased while PRMT2, PRMT9 and JMJD6 levels decreased in the tumor compared to non-neoplastic prostate. Results from the GEO datasets were similar, albeit not identical with the TCGA results, with PRMT7 and PRMT3 being upregulated and PRMT2 and JMJD6 being downregulated in the tumor compared to non-neoplastic tissue in some of them. In addition, PRMT7 levels decreased with stage and grade progression in the TCGA analysis. In the patient cohort, both PRMTs and JMJD6 were overexpressed in PCa compared to non-neoplastic tissue, and nuclear PRMT2 and JMJD6 were upregulated in lymph node metastasis, too. PRMT7 and JMJD6 expression were upregulated with the progression of stage and JMJD6 was also increased with the elevation of grade. After androgen ablation therapy, nuclear expression of PRMT7 and JMJD6 were elevated compared to untreated tumors. PRMT2, PRMT7 and JMD6 were also correlated with markers of EMT and cell cycle regulators. Finally, our findings indicate that PRMTs and JMJD6 are involved in prostate cancer progression and revealed a potential interplay of PRMTs with EMT mediators, underscoring the need for therapeutic targeting of arginine methylation in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pappa
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Papastergiou
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Megalooikonomou
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Special Issue “Structure, Activity, and Function of Protein Methyltransferases”. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030405. [PMID: 35330156 PMCID: PMC8948979 DOI: 10.3390/life12030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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