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Paul B, Siddaramappa S. Comparative analysis of the diversity of trinucleotide repeats in bacterial genomes. Genome 2024; 67:281-291. [PMID: 38593473 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The human gut is the most favorable niche for microbial populations, and few studies have explored the possibilities of horizontal gene transfer between host and pathogen. Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in humans can cause more than 40 neurodegenerative diseases. Further, TNRs are a type of microsatellite that resides on coding regions can contribute to the synthesis of homopolymeric amino acids. Hence, the present study aims to estimate the occurrence and diversity of TNRs in bacterial genomes available in the NCBI Genome database. Genome-wide analyses revealed that several bacterial genomes contain different types of uninterrupted TNRs. It was found that TNRs are abundant in the genomes of Alcaligenes faecalis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Sorangium cellulosum, and Thermus thermophilus. Interestingly, the genome of Bacillus thuringiensis strain YBT-1518 contained 169 uninterrupted ATT repeats. The genome of Leclercia adecarboxylata had 46 uninterrupted CAG repeats, which potentially translate into polyglutamine. In some instances, the TNRs were present in genes that potentially encode essential functions. Similar occurrences in human genes are known to cause genetic disorders. Further analysis of the occurrence of TNRs in bacterial genomes is likely to provide a better understanding of mismatch repair, genetic disorders, host-pathogen interaction, and homopolymeric amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Paul
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivakumara Siddaramappa
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India
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2
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Tang J, Jiang Y, Hu Z, Zhou H, You D, Daroch M. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Thermosynechococcus-like strains reveals eight species within the genus Thermosynechococcus and a novel genus Parathermosynechococcus gen. nov. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108094. [PMID: 38723792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Thermophilic unicellular cyanobacteria of the family Thermosynechococcaceae are essential primary producers and integral components of many microbial mats found in hot springs of Asia and North America. Historically, based on their simple morphology, these organisms, along with members of taxonomically unrelated thermophilic Thermostichaceae have been described with a generic term, "Synechococcus", used for elongated unicellular cyanobacteria. This has created significant misperception in the scientific literature regarding the taxonomic status of these essential thermophilic primary producers and their relationship with Synechococcus sensu stricto. In this manuscript, we attempted a genome-driven taxonomic reevaluation of the family Thermosynechococcaceae. Application of genomic analyses such as GTDB classification, ANI/AAI and phylogenomics support the delineation of eight species within genus Thermosynechococcus. Two subspecies were further identified within T. taiwanensis by dDDH and phylogenomics. Moreover, the results also suggest the presence of two putative new genera phylogenetically alongside genus Thermosynechococcus, a thermophilic genus Parathermosynechococcus represented by PCC 6715 and a non-thermophilic genus represented by PCC 6312. The proposed genospecies and new genera were further integrated with morphological and/or ecological information. Interestingly, the phylogeny of 16S-23S ITS achieved a better taxonomic relationship than that of 16S rRNA and supported the genome-based classification of Thermosynechococcus spp. Finally, the pan-genome analysis indicated a conserved pattern of genomic core among known members of Thermosynechococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Dawei You
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Dutta S, Kothari S, Singh D, Ghosh S, Narayan Sarangi A, Sanjita Behera S, Prajapati S, Kumar Sinha P, Prusty A, Tripathy S. Novel oceanic cyanobacterium isolated from Bangaram island with profound acid neutralizing ability is proposed as Leptolyngbya iicbica sp. nov. strain LK. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108092. [PMID: 38723790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
An acid-neutralizing, filamentous, non-heterocytous, marine cyanobacterium named 'LK' has been isolated from the seashore of Bangaram Island, an atoll of Lakshadweep, India, and is described here as a novel species. LK has been characterized using morphological, ecological, and genomic features. Based on 16S rRNA, whole-genome sequencing, and marker gene-based analysis, LK has been identified as a new species. LK clustered with Leptolyngbya-like strains belonging to the LPP group but diverged from Leptolyngbya sensu stricto, indicating the polyphyletic nature of the Leptolyngbya genus. Leptolyngbya sp. SIOISBB and Halomicronema sp. CCY15110 were identified as LK's two closest phylogenetic neighbors in various phylogenetic studies. The analysis of 16S rRNA, ITS secondary structures, and genome relatedness indices such as AAI, ANI, and gANI strongly support LK as a novel species of the Leptolyngbya genus. The mechanism behind acid neutralization in LK has been delineated, attributing it to a surface phenomenon most likely due to the presence of salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. We name LK as Leptolyngbya iicbica strain LK which is a novel species with prominent acidic pH-neutralizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajeet Dutta
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shreya Kothari
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aditya Narayan Sarangi
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Smruti Sanjita Behera
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satish Prajapati
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Characterisation Division (AMCCD), CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Sinha
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Characterisation Division (AMCCD), CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Asharani Prusty
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sucheta Tripathy
- Computational Genomics Lab, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Tyagi S, Singh RK, Kumar A. Lipophilic bioactive compounds from thermophilic cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU-004: Implications for countering VRSA resistance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29754. [PMID: 38681559 PMCID: PMC11046194 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles thrive in extreme conditions, showcasing rich and unexplored diversity. This resilience hints at the existence of novel biochemical pathways and unique bioactive compounds. In contrast, the issue of drug resistance and excessive misuse of antibiotics in various settings, such as healthcare, agriculture, and veterinary medicine, has contributed to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms. In the present research, Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU-004, was obtained from an extreme location, a hot water spring in the Garhwal Himalayan region of India. The lipophilic fraction derived from Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU-004 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), displaying a bactericidal concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the lipophilic extract unveiled the major constituents. Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU-004 holds significant promise as a primary source of potent anti-vancomycin-resistant S. aureus components. These findings emphasize the importance of Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU-004 as a foundational source for use as both a synergistic and alternative agent against VRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Tyagi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, IIMT University, Meerut, UP, 250001, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, IIMT University, Meerut, UP, 250001, India
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Tang J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Daroch M. Genome-scale identification and comparative analysis of transcription factors in thermophilic cyanobacteria. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:44. [PMID: 38195395 PMCID: PMC10775510 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factors (TFs) in thermophilic cyanobacteria might represent a uniquely evolved gene repertoire in light of the strong selective pressure caused by hostile habitats. Understanding the molecular composition of the TF genes in thermophilic cyanobacteria will facilitate further studies regarding verifying their exact biochemical functions and genetic engineering. However, limited information is available on the TFs of thermophilic cyanobacteria. Herein, a thorough investigation and comparative analysis were performed to gain insights into the molecular composition of the TFs in 22 thermophilic cyanobacteria. RESULTS The results suggested a fascinating diversity of the TFs among these thermophiles. The abundance and type of TF genes were diversified in these genomes. The identified TFs are speculated to play various roles in biological regulations. Further comparative and evolutionary genomic analyses revealed that HGT may be associated with the genomic plasticity of TF genes in Thermostichus and Thermosynechococcus strains. Comparative analyses also indicated different pattern of TF composition between thermophiles and corresponding mesophilic reference cyanobacteria. Moreover, the identified unique TFs of thermophiles are putatively involved in various biological regulations, mainly as responses to ambient changes, may facilitating the thermophiles to survive in hot springs. CONCLUSION The findings herein shed light on the TFs of thermophilic cyanobacteria and fundamental knowledge for further research regarding thermophilic cyanobacteria with a broad potential for transcription regulations in responses to environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Food Safety Detection Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Technical Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Tang J, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Yao D, Waleron KF, Du LM, Daroch M. Characterization of a novel thermophilic cyanobacterium within Trichocoleusaceae, Trichothermofontia sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov., and its CO 2-concentrating mechanism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111809. [PMID: 37180226 PMCID: PMC10172474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophiles from extreme thermal environments have shown tremendous potential regarding ecological and biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, thermophilic cyanobacteria remain largely untapped and are rarely characterized. Herein, a polyphasic approach was used to characterize a thermophilic strain, PKUAC-SCTB231 (hereafter B231), isolated from a hot spring (pH 6.62, 55.5°C) in Zhonggu village, China. The analyses of 16S rRNA phylogeny, secondary structures of 16S-23S ITS and morphology strongly supported strain B231 as a novel genus within Trichocoleusaceae. Phylogenomic inference and three genome-based indices further verified the genus delineation. Based on the botanical code, the isolate is herein delineated as Trichothermofontia sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov., a genus closely related to a validly described genus Trichocoleus. In addition, our results suggest that Pinocchia currently classified to belong to the family Leptolyngbyaceae may require revision and assignment to the family Trichocoleusaceae. Furthermore, the complete genome of Trichothermofontia B231 facilitated the elucidation of the genetic basis regarding genes related to its carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). The strain belongs to β-cyanobacteria according to its β-carboxysome shell protein and 1B form of Ribulose bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase (RubisCO). Compared to other thermophilic strains, strain B231contains a relatively low diversity of bicarbonate transporters (only BicA for HCO3- transport) but a higher abundance of different types of carbonic anhydrase (CA), β-CA (ccaA) and γ-CA (ccmM). The BCT1 transporter consistently possessed by freshwater cyanobacteria was absent in strain B231. Similar situation was occasionally observed in freshwater thermal Thermoleptolyngbya and Thermosynechococcus strains. Moreover, strain B231 shows a similar composition of carboxysome shell proteins (ccmK1-4, ccmL, -M, -N, -O, and -P) to mesophilic cyanobacteria, the diversity of which was higher than many thermophilic strains lacking at least one of the four ccmK genes. The genomic distribution of CCM-related genes suggests that the expression of some components is regulated as an operon and others in an independently controlled satellite locus. The current study also offers fundamental information for future taxogenomics, ecogenomics and geogenomic studies on distribution and significance of thermophilic cyanobacteria in the global ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Yao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Krzysztof F. Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lian-Ming Du
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Maurycy Daroch,
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Tang J, Shah MR, Yao D, Jiang Y, Du L, Zhao K, Li L, Li M, Waleron MM, Waleron M, Waleron K, Daroch M. Polyphasic Identification and Genomic Insights of Leptothermofonsia sichuanensis gen. sp. nov., a Novel Thermophilic Cyanobacteria Within Leptolyngbyaceae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:765105. [PMID: 35418964 PMCID: PMC8997340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.765105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal environments are an important reservoir of thermophiles with significant ecological and biotechnological potentials. However, thermophilic isolates remain largely unrecovered from their habitats and are rarely systematically identified. In this study, we characterized using polyphasic approaches a thermophilic strain, PKUAC-SCTAE412 (E412 hereafter), recovered from Lotus Lake hot spring based in Ganzi prefecture, China. The results of 16S rRNA/16S-23S ITS phylogenies, secondary structure, and morphology comparison strongly supported that strain E412 represent a novel genus within Leptolyngbyaceae. This delineation was further confirmed by genome-based analyses [phylogenomic inference, average nucleotide/amino-acid identity, and the percentages of conserved proteins (POCP)]. Based on the botanical code, the isolate is herein delineated as Leptothermofonsia sichuanensis gen. sp. nov, a genus adjacent to recently delineated Kovacikia and Stenomitos. In addition, we successfully obtained the first complete genome of this new genus. Genomic analysis revealed its adaptations to the adverse hot spring environment and extensive molecular components related to mobile genetic elements, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism. Moreover, the strain was capable of modifying the composition of its light-harvesting apparatus depending on the wavelength and photoperiod, showing chromatic adaptation capacity characteristic for T1 and T2 pigmentation types. Other physiological studies showed the strain’s ability to utilize sodium bicarbonate and various sulfur compounds. The strain was also shown to be diazotrophic. Interestingly, 24.6% of annotated protein-coding genes in the E412 genome were identified as putatively acquired, hypothesizing that a large number of genes acquired through HGT might contribute to the genome expansion and habitat adaptation of those thermophilic strains. Most the HGT candidates (69.4%) were categorized as metabolic functions as suggested by the KEGG analysis. Overall, the complete genome of strain E412 provides the first insight into the genomic feature of the genus Leptothermofonsia and lays the foundation for future global ecogenomic and geogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mahfuzur R Shah
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianming Du
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kelei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liheng Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meijin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michal M Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Waleron
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Tang J, Yao D, Zhou H, Du L, Daroch M. Reevaluation of Parasynechococcus-like Strains and Genomic Analysis of Their Microsatellites and Compound Microsatellites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11081060. [PMID: 35448788 PMCID: PMC9024877 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Morphologically similar to Synechococcus, a large number of Parasynechococcus strains were misclassified, resulting in extreme underestimation of their genetic diversity. In this study, 80 Synechococcus-like strains were reevaluated using a combination of 16S rRNA phylogeny and genomic approach, identifying 54 strains as Parasynechococcus-like strains and showing considerably intragenus genetic divergence among the subclades identified. Further, bioinformatics analysis disclosed diversified patterns of distribution, abundance, density, and diversity of microsatellites (SSRs) and compound microsatellites (CSSRs) in genomes of these Parasynechococcus-like strains. Variations of SSRs and CSSRs were observed amongst phylotypes and subclades. Both SSRs and CSSRs were in particular unequally distributed among genomes. Dinucleotide SSRs were the most widespread, while the genomes showed two patterns in the second most abundant repeat type (mononucleotide or trinucleotide SSRs). Both SSRs and CSSRs were predominantly observed in coding regions. These two types of microsatellites showed positive correlation with genome size (p < 0.01) but negative correlation with GC content (p < 0.05). Additionally, the motif (A)n, (AG)n and (AGC)n was a major one in the corresponding category. Meanwhile, distinctive motifs of CSSRs were found in 39 genomes. This study characterizes SSRs and CSSRs in genomes of Parasynechococcus-like strains and will be useful as a prerequisite for future studies regarding their distribution, function, and evolution. Moreover, the identified SSRs may facilitate fast acclimation of Parasynechococcus-like strains to fluctuating environments and contribute to the extensive distribution of Parasynechococcus species in global marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (J.T.); (D.Y.); (H.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Dan Yao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (J.T.); (D.Y.); (H.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Huizhen Zhou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (J.T.); (D.Y.); (H.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Lianming Du
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (J.T.); (D.Y.); (H.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
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