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Vidonja Uzelac T, Tatalović N, Mijović M, Miler M, Grahovac T, Oreščanin Dušić Z, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D. Ibogaine Induces Cardiotoxic Necrosis in Rats-The Role of Redox Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6527. [PMID: 38928231 PMCID: PMC11203496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ibogaine is an organic indole alkaloid that is used in alternative medicine to combat addiction. Numerous cases of life-threatening complications and sudden deaths associated with ibogaine use have been reported, and it has been hypothesized that the adverse effects are related to ibogaine's tendency to induce cardiac arrhythmias. Considering that the bioavailability of ibogaine and its primary metabolite noribogaine is two to three times higher in female rats than in male rats, we here investigated the effect of a single oral dose (1 or 20 mg/kg) of ibogaine on cardiac histopathology and oxidative/antioxidant balance. Our results show that ibogaine induced dose-dependent cardiotoxic necrosis 6 and 24 h after treatment and that this necrosis was not a consequence of inflammation. In addition, no consistent dose- and time-dependent changes in antioxidant defense or indicators of oxidative damage were observed. The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of ibogaine-induced cardiotoxicity, which is one of the main side effects of ibogaine use in humans and is often fatal. Nevertheless, based on this experiment, it is not possible to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the role of redox processes or oxidative stress in the occurrence of cardiotoxic necrosis after ibogaine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Vidonja Uzelac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.U.); (T.G.); (Z.O.D.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Nikola Tatalović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.U.); (T.G.); (Z.O.D.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Milica Mijović
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština, Anri Dinana bb, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tanja Grahovac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.U.); (T.G.); (Z.O.D.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Zorana Oreščanin Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.U.); (T.G.); (Z.O.D.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.U.); (T.G.); (Z.O.D.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.U.); (T.G.); (Z.O.D.); (A.N.-K.)
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Biosca-Brull J, Ona G, Alarcón-Franco L, Colomina MT. A transcriptomic analysis in mice following a single dose of ibogaine identifies new potential therapeutic targets. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38242896 PMCID: PMC10798990 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ibogaine (IBO) is an atypical psychedelic with a complex mechanism of action. To date, the mechanisms that may underlie its anti-addictive effects are still not defined. This study aims to identify changes in gene expression induced by a single oral dose of IBO in the cortex of mice by means of a transcriptomic analysis for the first time. Our results showed significant alterations in gene expression in mouse frontal cortex samples 4 h after a single oral dose of IBO. Specifically, genes involved in hormonal pathways and synaptogenesis exhibited upregulation, while genes associated with apoptotic processes and endosomal transports showed downregulation. The findings were further corroborated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. However, the validation of gene expression related to hormonal pathways did not entirely align with the transcriptomic analysis results, possibly due to the brain region from which tissue was collected. Sex differences were observed, with female mice displaying more pronounced alterations in gene expression after IBO treatment. High variability was observed across individual animals. However, this study represents a significant advancement in comprehending IBO's molecular actions. The findings highlight the influence of IBO on gene expression, particularly on hormonal pathways, synaptogenesis, apoptotic processes, and endosomal transports. The identification of sex differences underscores the importance of considering sex as a potential factor influencing IBO's effects. Further research to assess different time points after IBO exposure is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain
| | - Genis Ona
- ICEERS-International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Services, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lineth Alarcón-Franco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Infetarre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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Villalba S, González B, Junge S, Bernardi A, González J, Fagúndez C, Torterolo P, Carrera I, Urbano FJ, Bisagno V. 5-HT 2A Receptor Knockout Mice Show Sex-Dependent Differences following Acute Noribogaine Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:687. [PMID: 38255760 PMCID: PMC10815577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Noribogaine (noribo) is the primary metabolite from ibogaine, an atypical psychedelic alkaloid isolated from the root bark of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses of noribo are mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) in mice. In that regard, we used male and female, 5-HT2AR knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice injected with a single noribo dose (10 or 40 mg/kg; i.p.). After 30 min., locomotor activity was recorded followed by mRNA measurements by qPCR (immediate early genes; IEG, glutamate receptors, and 5-HT2AR levels) and electrophysiology recordings of layer V pyramidal neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex. Noribo 40 decreased locomotion in male, but not female WT. Sex and genotype differences were observed for IEG and glutamate receptor expression. Expression of 5-HT2AR mRNA increased in the mPFC of WT mice following Noribo 10 (males) or Noribo 40 (females). Patch-clamp recordings showed that Noribo 40 reduced the NMDA-mediated postsynaptic current density in mPFC pyramidal neurons only in male WT mice, but no effects were found for either KO males or females. Our results highlight that noribo produces sexually dimorphic effects while the genetic removal of 5HT2AR blunted noribo-mediated responses to NMDA synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Villalba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Bruno González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (B.G.); (C.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Stephanie Junge
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Alejandra Bernardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Joaquín González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (J.G.); (P.T.)
| | - Catherine Fagúndez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (B.G.); (C.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (J.G.); (P.T.)
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (B.G.); (C.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Francisco J. Urbano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Verónica Bisagno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
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