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Forsse JS, Peterson MN, Papadakis Z, Taylor JK, Hess BW, Schwedock N, Allison DC, Griggs JO, Wilson RL, Grandjean PW. The Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Biomarkers of Renal Health and Filtration in Moderate-CKD. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:1-9. [PMID: 36608287 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Efficacy of exercise to improve renal health and filtration remains understudied in adults with moderate-stages (stages G3a-b) of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acute exercise may contribute clinically relevant information for exercise-related augmentation of renal health and filtration in CKD. Urine epidermal growth factor (uEGF) and cystatin C (CyC) are proposed to be more direct biomarkers of renal health and filtration. This study aimed to determine the influence of continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on traditional and novel biomarkers of renal health and filtration in moderate-stages of CKD. Methods: Twenty CKD participants completed 30 minutes of both CMIE and HIIE. Blood and urine samples were obtained pre, 1-hour, and 24-hours post-exercise. Traditional-serum creatinine (sCr) urine creatinine, novel-uEGF, uEGF ratio (uEGFr), and CyC. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)-modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and the CKD-Epidemiology (CKD-EPI)-responses were compared pre, 1 hr, and 24 hr post-exercise. Results: Relative to pre-exercise measures, uEGF remained unchanged in both exercise conditions. However, uEGFr was 5.4% greater 24-hours after HIIE (P = .05), while uEGFr remained unchanged with CMIE. sCr decreased 6 to 19% 1-hour post-exercise in both conditions (P = .009). On average renal filtration increased in eGFR-MDRD (7.2 ± 2.0 ml/min/1.73 m2) (P = .007) and eGFR-CKD-EPI (8.6 ± 2.3 ml/min/1.73 m2) 1-hour post-exercise (P = .009). Conclusion: By clinical estimates, renal filtration in CKD was not normalized but transiently improved regardless of exercise condition, with HIIE eliciting transient improvements in renal health.
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Kirkman DL, Chavez DA. Exercise for chronic kidney disease: effects on vascular and cardiopulmonary function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H138-H147. [PMID: 37975707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an exacerbated prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelial function and arterial stiffness, and markedly low cardiorespiratory fitness levels are hallmark manifestations of the disease that contribute to the CVD burden. Despite advancements in blood pressure and lipid lowering pharmacological therapies, CVD remains markedly prevalent across the spectrum of CKD. This highlights a stagnation in effective clinical strategies to improve cardiovascular health and reinforces the critical need for adjuvant lifestyle strategies such as physical activity and exercise training to be incorporated into routine clinical care. This narrative review provides an overview of the known effects of exercise on vascular and cardiopulmonary function across the spectrum of CKD. The physiological mechanisms of vascular dysfunction that serve as exercise-specific therapeutic targets are highlighted and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Domenico A Chavez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Madrid E, Pino JA, Muñoz S, Cardemil F, Martinez F, Berasaluce M, San Martín S, Reyes J, González-Miranda I. Oxidative damage associated with exposure to heavy metals present in topsoils in central Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9891-9901. [PMID: 37882916 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals may cause the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, generating oxidative stress and consequently, various harms to human health. The soil surrounding the Ventanas Industrial Complex, in Puchuncaví and Quintero municipal districts on the central Chilean coast, contains heavy metal concentrations (As, Cu, Pb, Zn, among others) that far exceed the maximum permissible levels established by Italian soil standards (used as a reference). This study aimed to investigate the potential association between heavy metal exposure in humans and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in inhabitants of these locations. We took blood samples from 140 adults living in sites with high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and compared them with blood samples from 140 adults living in areas with normal heavy metal concentrations. We assessed lipid peroxidation, damage to genetic material, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in these blood samples. Our results indicate an association between oxidative damage and heavy metal exposure, where the inhabitants living in exposed areas have a higher level of DNA damage compared with those living in control areas. Given that DNA damage is one of the main factors in carcinogenesis, these results are of interest, both for public health and for public policies aimed at limiting human exposure to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Madrid
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies (CIESAL), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - José A Pino
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Department of Public Health-CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Cardemil
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Martinez
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Maite Berasaluce
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies (CIESAL), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Juan Reyes
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Isabel González-Miranda
- Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales (Ceres), Quillota, Chile.
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Forsse JS, Richardson KA, Torres R, Lowry C, Taylor JK, Beeson CL, Ward J, Dhillon A, Niceler B, Ismaeel A, Koutakis P. Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:210. [PMID: 37999427 PMCID: PMC10675315 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise, specifically high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its effects on renal health and filtration (RHF) are not well understood. Several studies support incorporating contemporary biomarkers serum cystatin C (CyC) and urine epidermal growth factor (uEGF) to combat the volatility of serum creatinine (sCr). Using these biomarkers, we examined the acute influences HIIE has on RHF to determine if there is a ceiling effect in healthy populations. The purpose was to determine the influence of an acute bout of HIIE on RHF. Thirty-six participants (n = 22 males; n = 14 females; age 37.6 ± 12.4 years.; BF% 19.2 ± 7.1%; VO2max 41.8 + 7.4 mL/kg/min) completed 30 min of HIIE on a treadmill (80% and 40% of VO2reserve in 3:2 min ratio). Blood and urine samples were obtained under standardized conditions before, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. CyC, sCR, uEGF, urine creatinine (uCr), uCr/uEGF ratio, and multiple estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and CKD-EPI equations were used. The analysis employed paired sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. CyC, uEGF, uCr, and uCr/uEGF ratio concentrations were not altered between timepoints. sCr increased 1 h post-exercise (p > 0.002) but not at 24 h post-exercise. eGFR decreased in the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations at 1 h (p > 0.012) with no changes at 24 h post-exercise. CyC and sCr/CyC demonstrated no significant changes. CyC and uEGF are not altered by acute HIIE. The results demonstrate a potential ceiling effect in contemporary and traditional biomarkers of RHF, indicating improvements in RHF may be isolated to populations with reduced kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Forsse
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Kathleen A. Richardson
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Ricardo Torres
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Catherine Lowry
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80011, USA
| | - James Kyle Taylor
- Medical & Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Auburn University—Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA;
| | - Cassidy L. Beeson
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
| | - Jacob Ward
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Southern Illinois University Medical School, Lindegren Hall, 600 Agriculture Dr #132, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Anurag Dhillon
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Health Science Center, San Antonio Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Brock Niceler
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; (K.A.R.); (R.T.); (C.L.); (C.L.B.); (J.W.); (A.D.); (B.N.)
- Waco Family Medicine, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 780 Rose Street, MS508, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Clinical Muscle Biology Lab, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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Zhao M, Xiao M, Tan Q, Lyu J, Lu F. The effect of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2252093. [PMID: 37753870 PMCID: PMC10538458 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2252093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate how aerobic exercise affects oxidative stress (OS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Retrieval dates range from the date the database was established to 19 July 2023, without languages being restricted. A meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0. RESULTS The meta-analysis showed that, compared to usual activity or no exercise, aerobic exercise significantly reduced the oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) (mean differences (MD) - 0.96 (95% CI -1.33, - 0.59); p < 0.00001), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) (MD - 3.49 (95% CI - 5.05, - 1.93); p < 0.00001), F2-isoprostanes (F2-iso) (MD - 11.02 (95% CI - 17.79, - 4.25); p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise also increased the antioxidant marker superoxide dismutase (SOD) in CKD patients (standardized mean differences (SMD) 1.30 (95% CI 0.56, 2.04); p = 0.0005). Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in patients aged ≥60 years (SMD 2.11 (95% CI 1.69, 2.54); p < 0.00001). The change in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) after aerobic exercise was insignificant in patients with CKD. The trial sequential analysis supported aerobic exercise's effectiveness in improving MDA, SOD, AOPP, and F2-iso in patients with CKD. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that aerobic exercise improves OS indicators (MDA, SOD, AOPP, and F2-iso) in CKD patients compared to conventional treatment or no exercise and that the effects on GPX and TAC indicators need further confirmation. For better validation of benefits and exploration of the best aerobic exercise regimen to improve OS status with CKD, further studies with high methodological quality and large sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mengli Xiao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Tan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lyu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Lu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Papadakis Z, Grandjean PW, Forsse JS. Effects of Acute Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Response and Recovery in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:812-825. [PMID: 35522981 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained acceptance as a key marker of cardiovascular health. We compared HRV responses after continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) matched for intensity and duration in individuals with midspectrum chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Twenty men and women (age 62.0 ± 10 yrs.) diagnosed with CKD stages G3a and G3b participated in a 2 (condition) x 4 (time point) repeated cross-over measures design study. HRV time-domain indices were based on the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and frequency domain. High-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), total power (TP) were examined. CMIE consisted of treadmill walking for 30 minutes at a 2% incline and speed corresponding to 60%-65% of reserve volume of oxygen (VO2R). HIIE included five intervals of 3 minutes at 90% of VO2R and 2 minutes at 20% VO2R intervals. Conditions were designed to be of the same average intensity (60% to 65% of VO2R) and caloric expenditure (~144 kcal). Results: Immediately following exercise SDNN, RMSSD, HF, LF, and TP were significantly lower compared to before exercise (p <.05). HRV responses were not different between conditions and conditions X time (p >.05). Conclusions: Thirty minutes of either CMIE or HIIE decreased HRV indices, pointing to an autonomic imbalance favoring vagal mediation. HRV's responses regarding HIIE were no different from CMIE, therefore, from an autonomic function point of view this similarity may be useful for CKD exercise prescription and programming.
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