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Minhas LA, Kaleem M, Jabeen A, Ullah N, Farooqi HMU, Kamal A, Inam F, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Mumtaz AS. Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Antimicrobial Properties and Biomedical Performance, Featuring Nodularia haraviana from the Cholistan Desert. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2544. [PMID: 37894202 PMCID: PMC10609251 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent area of research in recent times, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via phyco-technology have gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. Nodularia haraviana, a unique and lesser-explored cyanobacterial strain, holds substantial promise as a novel candidate for synthesizing nanoparticles. This noticeable research gap underscores the novelty and untapped potential of Nodularia haraviana in applied nanotechnology. A range of analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectral analysis, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction, were used to investigate and characterize the AgNPs. Successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 428 nm. The crystalline size of AgNPs was 24.1 nm. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that silver oxide nanoparticles had 179.3 nm diameters and a negative surface charge of -18 mV. Comprehensive in vitro pharmacogenetic properties revealed that AgNPs have significant therapeutic potential. The antimicrobial properties of AgNPs were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against various microbial strains. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity assays were performed on Leishmanial promastigotes (IC50: 18.71 μgmL-1), amastigotes (IC50: 38.6 μgmL-1), and brine shrimps (IC50: 134.1 μg mL-1) using various concentrations of AgNPs. The findings of this study revealed that AgNPs had significant antioxidant results (DPPH: 57.5%, TRP: 55.4%, TAC: 61%) and enzyme inhibition potential against protein kinase (ZOI: 17.11 mm) and alpha-amylase (25.3%). Furthermore, biocompatibility tests were performed against macrophages (IC50: >395 μg mL-1) and human RBCs (IC50: 2124 μg mL-1). This study showed that phyco-synthesized AgNPs were less toxic and could be used in multiple biological applications, including drug design and in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This study offers valuable insights and paves the way for further advancements in AgNPs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Anjum Minhas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Amber Jabeen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Nabi Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Farooq Inam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (L.A.M.); (M.K.); (A.J.); (F.I.)
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Imtiaz C, Farooqi MA, Bhatti T, Lee J, Moin R, Kang CU, Farooqi HMU. Focused Ultrasound, an Emerging Tool for Atherosclerosis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1783. [PMID: 37629640 PMCID: PMC10455721 DOI: 10.3390/life13081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for treating atherosclerotic arterial disease. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a noninvasive and precise modality that generates high temperatures at specific target sites within tissues, has shown promising results in reducing plaque burden and improving vascular function. While low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) operates at lower energy levels, promoting mild hyperthermia and stimulating tissue repair processes. This review article provides an overview of the current state of HIFU and LIFU in treating atherosclerosis. It focuses primarily on the therapeutic potential of HIFU due to its higher penetration and ability to achieve atheroma disruption. The review summarizes findings from animal models and human trials, covering the effects of FUS on arterial plaque and arterial wall thrombolysis in carotid, coronary and peripheral arteries. This review also highlights the potential benefits of focused ultrasound, including its noninvasiveness, precise targeting, and real-time monitoring capabilities, making it an attractive approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis and emphasizes the need for further investigations to optimize FUS parameters and advance its clinical application in managing atherosclerotic arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Imtiaz
- Ocean and Biomedical Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; (C.I.)
| | - Muhammad Awais Farooqi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Theophilus Bhatti
- Interdisciplinary Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Lee
- Ocean and Biomedical Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; (C.I.)
| | - Ramsha Moin
- Department of Pediatrics, Elaj Hospital, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan
| | - Chul Ung Kang
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
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Daskalakis G, Psarris A, Koutras A, Fasoulakis Z, Prokopakis I, Varthaliti A, Karasmani C, Ntounis T, Domali E, Theodora M, Antsaklis P, Pappa KI, Papapanagiotou A. Maternal Infection and Preterm Birth: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Implications. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050907. [PMID: 37238455 DOI: 10.3390/children10050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, preterm birth is recognized as a major public health concern around the world. The purpose of this review is to analyze the connection between infections and premature birth. Spontaneous preterm birth is commonly associated with intrauterine infection/inflammation. The overproduction of prostaglandins caused by the inflammation associated with an infection could lead to uterine contractions, contributing to preterm delivery. Many pathogens, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Actinomyces, Candida spp., and Streptococcus spp. have been related with premature delivery, chorioamnionitis, and sepsis of the neonate. Further research regarding the prevention of preterm delivery is required in order to develop effective preventive methods with the aim of reducing neonatal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Psarris
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Koutras
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Zacharias Fasoulakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Prokopakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Varthaliti
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Karasmani
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Ntounis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Domali
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Theodora
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Antsaklis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi I Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
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Choroidal Thickness in Different Patterns of Diabetic Macular Edema. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206169. [PMID: 36294492 PMCID: PMC9605356 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This observational study investigated the changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) in different patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) based on image processing using enhanced-depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SD-OCT). Participants with ocular conditions affecting the fundus view, including retinal diseases, were excluded. After observing the patient’s medical record, multicolor fundus photos, thickness maps, and subtypes of DME were diagnosed according to the criteria reported by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Edema was classified as focal or diffuse and was subdivided into cystic macular edema (CME), CME with subretinal fluid (CME+), and spongy macular edema (SME). Image processing was performed on the B-scan images from SD-OCT to segment the choroid layer and obtain the choroid thickness. A total of 159 eyes of 81 patients (46 males and 35 females; 57.53 ± 9.78 years of age), and 57 eyes of 30 healthy individuals (age 57.34 ± 8.76 years) were enrolled in this study. Out of 159 eyes, 76 had focal macular edema (FME), 13 exhibited SME, and 51 presented CME. Among those with cystic macular edema, 19 eyes showed subretinal fluid (CME+). The average choroidal thickness in FME, diffuse SME, CME, and CME+ was 216.95 ± 52.94 µm, 243.00 ± 46.34 µm, 221.38 ± 60.78 µm, and 249.63 ± 53.90 µm, respectively. The average choroidal thickness in age-matched controls was 213.88 ± 45.60 µm. Choroidal thickness increases with the severity of edema; choroidal thickness was higher in diffuse macular edema than in FME. However, choroidal thickness increased in cystic macular edema with subretinal fluid (CME+).
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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies (IgG) in the Community of Rawalpindi. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers2030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding the prevalence of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the general population can indicate public health and personal hygiene practices in a community. HEV spreads through the fecal-oral route and contaminates drinking water through sewage. Moreover, poverty also contributes to its prevalence in developing countries, including Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 blood samples taken from suspected patients of HEV in the Rawalpindi cantonment area (Pakistan) from April to November 2019 at the Department of Virology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Out of them, 444 (68.15%) were male and 206 (31.85%) were female; the detection of anti-HEV IgG antibodies was carried out using a commercial Anti-Hepatitis E virus antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit. The overall anti-HEV IgG prevalence percentages were 19.23% and 4.77% in males and females, respectively. Patients were categorized into eight groups with ages ranging between 1 and 90 years. HEV IgG seroprevalence was the highest in ages 31–40 (6.46%). The study concluded that males aged 40 or above were susceptible and infected with hepatitis E.
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Chaemsaithong P, Lertrut W, Kamlungkuea T, Santanirand P, Singsaneh A, Jaovisidha A, Pakdeeto S, Mongkolsuk P, Pongchaikul P. Maternal septicemia caused by Streptococcus mitis: a possible link between intra-amniotic infection and periodontitis. Case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:562. [PMID: 35725441 PMCID: PMC9208128 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-amniotic infection has a strong causal association with spontaneous preterm birth and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). The most common route of intra-amniotic infection is the ascending pathway in which microorganisms from the vagina gain access to the amniotic cavity. Distant microorganisms such as those from the oral cavity have been reported in intra-amniotic infection through hematogenous spreading. Case presentation A 31-year-old gravida 1, para 0 Thai woman at 33+6 weeks’ gestation presented with leakage of vaginal fluid and irregular uterine contraction. She developed fever at 4 h after admission and was later diagnosed with acute chorioamnionitis. A Cesarean section was performed to terminate pregnancy. In addition to a blood culture, the cultures of amniotic fluid, vaginal and chorioamniotic membrane swabs were positive for Streptococcus mitis with identical susceptibility profiles. After the delivery and antibiotic prescription, oral examination showed dental caries and chronic periodontitis. Conclusions This is the first case report demonstrating maternal septicemia and intra-amniotic infection caused by S. mitis which might be attributed to periodontitis in women presenting with preterm PROM. We highlighted the association of periodontal disease and preterm labor/PROM syndrome. Oral cavity examination should be included in the prenatal care to ensure good dental hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Waranyu Lertrut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Threebhorn Kamlungkuea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pitak Santanirand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Arunee Singsaneh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Adithep Jaovisidha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sasikarn Pakdeeto
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Paninee Mongkolsuk
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand. .,Integrative Computational BioScience Center (ICBS), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. .,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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