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Tavares FDS, Martins C, Delella FK, Nascimento LASD, Rodrigues ALF, Moreira S, Cardoso AL, Noronha RCR. Establishment and Characterization of a Primary Fibroblast Cell Culture from the Amazonian Manatee ( Trichechus inunguis). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:686. [PMID: 38473072 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The vulnerable status of the Amazon manatee, Trichechus inunguis, indicates the need to seek measures to guarantee its conservation. In this context, the cultivation of cells in vitro is a strategy that should at least guarantee the preservation of their genetic material. Thus, we established for the first time a primary culture of Amazonian manatee fibroblasts (TINsf) from a skin biopsy of a young male. Karyotypic analysis of the 3rd, 7th, and 12th passages confirmed the taxonomic identity of the species T. inunguis (2n = 56/NF = 92) and indicated that this culture presents genomic stability. Gene and protein expression of vimentin at the 13th passage show the predominant presence of fibroblasts in TINsf. To test the cell line's responsiveness to materials and demonstrate a possible application of this culture, it was exposed to andiroba seed oil (ASO), and its viability and proliferative capacity were evaluated. ASO demonstrated toxic effects at the highest concentrations and longest exposure times tested, reproducing results observed in human cultures, indicating the applicability of TINsf in toxicological and biotechnological studies. After cryopreservation, the TINsf line maintained its proliferative potential, indicating the establishment of a new culture available for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Dos Santos Tavares
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Celular, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Cesar Martins
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sávia Moreira
- Instituto Biologia e Conservação dos Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia (BioMA), Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Celular, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Óleos da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Celular, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Szynwelski BE, Kretschmer R, Matzenbacher CA, Ferrari F, Alievi MM, de Freitas TRO. Hybridization in Canids-A Case Study of Pampas Fox ( Lycalopex gymnocercus) and Domestic Dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) Hybrid. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2505. [PMID: 37570312 PMCID: PMC10417603 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between species with different evolutionary trajectories can be a powerful threat to wildlife conservation. Anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture and livestock, have led to the degradation and loss of natural habitats for wildlife. Consequently, the incidence of interspecific hybridization between wild and domestic species has increased, although cases involving species of different genera are rare. In Vacaria, a Southern city in Brazil, a female canid with a strange phenotype, which had characteristics between the phenotype of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) and that of the pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), was found. Our analysis suggests that the animal is a hybrid between a domestic dog and a pampas fox, but future studies are necessary to investigate additional cases of this hybridization in nature. This finding worries for the conservation of wild canids in South America, especially concerning Lycalopex species. Hybridization with the domestic dog may have harmful effects on pampas fox populations due to the potential for introgression and disease transmission by the domestic dog. Therefore, future studies to explore the consequences of hybridization on genetics, ecology, and behavior of wild populations will be essential to improve the conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Elenara Szynwelski
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (B.E.S.); (C.A.M.); (T.R.O.d.F.)
| | - Rafael Kretschmer
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Araujo Matzenbacher
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (B.E.S.); (C.A.M.); (T.R.O.d.F.)
| | - Flávia Ferrari
- Núcleo de Conservação e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (F.F.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Marcelo Meller Alievi
- Núcleo de Conservação e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (F.F.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (B.E.S.); (C.A.M.); (T.R.O.d.F.)
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Tavares FDS, Oliveira da Silva W, Ferguson-Smith MA, Klautau AGCDM, Oliveira JM, Rodrigues ALF, Melo-Santos G, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY, Noronha RCR. Ancestral chromosomal signatures of Paenungulata (Afroteria) reveal the karyotype of Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis, Sirenia: Trichechidae) as the oldest among American manatees. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 36694120 PMCID: PMC9872332 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal painting in manatees has clarified questions about the rapid evolution of sirenians within the Paenungulata clade. Further cytogenetic studies in Afrotherian species may provide information about their evolutionary dynamics, revealing important insights into the ancestral karyotype in the clade representatives. The karyotype of Trichechus inunguis (TIN, Amazonian manatee) was investigated by chromosome painting, using probes from Trichechus manatus latirostris (TML, Florida manatee) to analyze the homeologies between these sirenians. RESULTS A high similarity was found between these species, with 31 homologous segments in TIN, nineteen of which are whole autosomes, besides the X and Y sex chromosomes. Four chromosomes from TML (4, 6, 8, and 9) resulted in two hybridization signals, totaling eight acrocentrics in the TIN karyotype. This study confirmed in TIN the chromosomal associations of Homo sapiens (HSA) shared in Afrotheria, such as the 5/21 synteny, and in the Paenungulata clade with the syntenies HSA 2/3, 8/22, and 18/19, in addition to the absence of HSA 4/8 common in eutherian ancestral karyotype (EAK). CONCLUSIONS TIN shares more conserved chromosomal signals with the Paenungulata Ancestral Karyotype (APK, 2n = 58) than Procavia capensis (Hyracoidea), Loxodonta africana (Proboscidea) and TML (Sirenia), where TML presents less conserved signals with APK, demonstrating that its karyotype is the most derived among the representatives of Paenungulata. The chromosomal changes that evolved from APK to the T. manatus and T. inunguis karyotypes (7 and 4 changes, respectively) are more substantial within the Trichechus genus compared to other paenungulates. Among these species, T. inunguis presents conserved traits of APK in the American manatee genus. Consequently, the karyotype of T. manatus is more derived than that of T. inunguis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Dos Santos Tavares
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Willam Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jairo Moura Oliveira
- Zoological Park of Santarém - Universidade da Amazônia (ZOOUNAMA), Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biologia e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Secretaria de Educação Do Estado Do Pará (SEDUC-PA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Melo-Santos
- Instituto de Biologia e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e Comportamento Animal, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil.
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Holt WV, Comizzoli P. Conservation Biology and Reproduction in a Time of Developmental Plasticity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1297. [PMID: 36139136 PMCID: PMC9496186 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to ask whether, and how, principles in conservation biology may need to be revisited in light of new knowledge about the power of epigenetics to alter developmental pathways. Importantly, conservation breeding programmes, used widely by zoological parks and aquariums, may appear in some cases to reduce fitness by decreasing animals' abilities to cope when confronted with the 'wild side' of their natural habitats. Would less comfortable captive conditions lead to the selection of individuals that, despite being adapted to life in a captive environment, be better able to thrive if relocated to a more natural environment? While threatened populations may benefit from advanced reproductive technologies, these may actually induce undesirable epigenetic changes. Thus, there may be inherent risks to the health and welfare of offspring (as is suspected in humans). Advanced breeding technologies, especially those that aim to regenerate the rarest species using stem cell reprogramming and artificial gametes, may also lead to unwanted epigenetic modifications. Current knowledge is still incomplete, and therefore ethical decisions about novel breeding methods remain controversial and difficult to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V. Holt
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Noronha RCR, Almeida BRR, Chagas MCS, Tavares FS, Cardoso AL, Bastos CEMC, Silva NKN, Klautau AGCM, Luna FO, Attademo FLN, Lima DS, Sabioni LA, Sampaio MIC, Oliveira JM, do Nascimento LAS, Martins C, Vicari MR, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. Karyotypes of Manatees: New Insights into Hybrid Formation ( Trichechus inunguis × Trichechus m. manatus) in the Amazon Estuary. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1263. [PMID: 35886048 PMCID: PMC9323068 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to preserve manatees. Recently, a hybrid zone was described between Trichechus inunguis (TIN) and the Trichechus manatus manatus (TMM) in the Amazon estuary. Cytogenetic data on these sirenians are limited, despite being fundamental to understanding the hybridization/introgression dynamics and genomic organization in Trichechus. We analyzed the karyotype of TMM, TIN, and two hybrid specimens ("Poque" and "Vitor") by classical and molecular cytogenetics. G-band analysis revealed that TMM (2n = 48) and TIN (2n = 56) diverge by at least six Robertsonian translocations and a pericentric inversion. Hybrids had 2n = 50, however, with Autosomal Fundamental Number (FNA) = 88 in "Poque" and FNA = 74 in "Vitor", and chromosomal distinct pairs in heterozygous; additionally, "Vitor" exhibited heteromorphisms and chromosomes whose pairs could not be determined. The U2 snDNA and Histone H3 multi genes are distributed in small clusters along TIN and TMM chromosomes and have transposable Keno and Helitron elements (TEs) in their sequences. The different karyotypes observed among manatee hybrids may indicate that they represent different generations formed by crossing between fertile hybrids and TIN. On the other hand, it is also possible that all hybrids recorded represent F1 and the observed karyotype differences must result from mechanisms of elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C. R. Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Bruno R. R. Almeida
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
- Campus Itaituba, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Itaituba 68183-300, PA, Brazil
| | - Monique C. S. Chagas
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Flávia S. Tavares
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Adauto L. Cardoso
- Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos E. M. C. Bastos
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Natalia K. N. Silva
- Campus Tucuruí, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Tucuruí 68455-210, PA, Brazil;
| | - Alex G. C. M. Klautau
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Norte, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belém 66635-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Fábia O. Luna
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Santos 11050-031, SP, Brazil; (F.O.L.); (F.L.N.A.)
| | - Fernanda L. N. Attademo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Santos 11050-031, SP, Brazil; (F.O.L.); (F.L.N.A.)
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal/PPBA, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação/LECC, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Danielle S. Lima
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé 69553-225, AM, Brazil; (D.S.L.); (L.A.S.)
- Rede de Pesquisa e Conservação de Sirênios no Estuário Amazônico, Macapá 68903-197, AP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Sabioni
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé 69553-225, AM, Brazil; (D.S.L.); (L.A.S.)
- Rede de Pesquisa e Conservação de Sirênios no Estuário Amazônico, Macapá 68903-197, AP, Brazil
- Campus Porto Grande, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Rodovia BR 210, Km 103, s/n, Zona Rural, Porto Grande 68997-000, AP, Brazil
| | - Maria I. C. Sampaio
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Jairo Moura Oliveira
- Zoological Park of Santarém, ZOOUNAMA, Universidade da Amazônia, Santarém 68030-150, PA, Brazil;
| | | | - Cesar Martins
- Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marcelo R. Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Cleusa Y. Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Julio C. Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
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