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Chen YN, Chan YH, Shiau JP, Farooqi AA, Tang JY, Chen KL, Yen CY, Chang HW. The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis of oral cancer cells but not for normal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:299-313. [PMID: 37705323 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased neddylation benefits the survival of several types of cancer cells. The inhibition of neddylation has the potential to exert anticancer effects but is rarely assessed in oral cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferation potential of a neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 (pevonedistat) for oral cancer cells. MLN4924 inhibited the cell viability of oral cancer cells more than that of normal oral cells (HGF-1) with 100% viability, that is, IC50 values of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, OC-2, and Ca9-22) are 1.8, 1.4, and 1.9 μM. MLN4924 caused apoptotic changes such as the subG1 accumulation, activation of annexin V, pancaspase, and caspases 3/8/9 of oral cancer cells at a greater rate than in normal oral cells. MLN4924 induced greater oxidative stress in oral cancer cells compared to normal cells by upregulating reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and depleting the mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione. In oral cancer cells, preferential inductions also occurred for DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine). Therefore, this investigation demonstrates that MLN4924 is a potential anti-oral-cancer agent showing preferential inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of DNA damage with fewer cytotoxic effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wu J, Nong Y, Chen B, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Wei C, Tao Y, Xie B. Flammutoxin, a Degradation Product of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance-Decreasing Protein, Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Foods 2023; 13:66. [PMID: 38201094 PMCID: PMC10778570 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins from Flammulina filiformis were prepared by sodium chloride extraction and fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation with increasing saturation degrees to obtain the protein fractions Ffsp-30, Ffsp-50, Ffsp-70, Ffsp-90, and Ffp-90. Among these protein fractions, Ffsp-50 possessed the most significant cytotoxic effect against three human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, viz. HT-29, SGC-7901, and HepG2. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS analyses revealed that flammutoxin (FTX) was present as a dominating protein in Ffsp-50, which was further evidenced by HPLC-MS/MS determination. Furthermore, native FTX was purified from Ffsp-50 with a molecular weight of 26.78 kDa, exhibiting notable cytotoxicity against gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Both Ffsp-50 and FTX exposure could enhance intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induce significant apoptosis in HepG2 cells. FTX was identified to be relatively conserved in basidiomycetes according to phylogenetic analysis, and its expression was highly upregulated in the primordium as well as the pileus of the fruiting body from the elongation and maturation stages, as compared with that in mycelium. Taken together, FTX could remarkably inhibit cell growth and induce ROS and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, potentially participating in the growth and development of the fruiting body. These findings from our investigation provided insight into the antigastrointestinal cancer activity of FTX, which could serve as a biological source of health-promoting and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yu Nong
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Bingzhi Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuji Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Chuanzheng Wei
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.W.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (C.W.); (Y.T.)
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Lee MY, Shiau JP, Tang JY, Hou MF, Primus PS, Kao CL, Choo YM, Chang HW. Boesenbergia stenophylla-Derived Stenophyllol B Exerts Antiproliferative and Oxidative Stress Responses in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells with Few Side Effects in Normal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097751. [PMID: 37175458 PMCID: PMC10178828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to target therapy for non-TNBC and needs novel drug discovery. Extracts of the traditional herb Boesenbergia plant in Southern Asia exhibit anticancer effects and contain novel bioactive compounds but merely show cytotoxicity. We recently isolated a new compound from B. stenophylla, stenophyllol B (StenB), but the impact and mechanism of its proliferation-modulating function on TNBC cells remain uninvestigated. This study aimed to assess the antiproliferative responses of StenB in TNBC cells and examine the drug safety in normal cells. StenB effectively suppressed the proliferation of TNBC cells rather than normal cells in terms of an ATP assay. This preferential antiproliferative function was alleviated by pretreating inhibitors for oxidative stress (N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) and apoptosis (Z-VAD-FMK). Accordingly, the oxidative-stress-related mechanisms were further assessed. StenB caused subG1 and G2/M accumulation but reduced the G1 phase in TNBC cells, while normal cells remained unchanged between the control and StenB treatments. The apoptosis behavior of TNBC cells was suppressed by StenB, whereas that of normal cells was not suppressed according to an annexin V assay. StenB-modulated apoptosis signaling, such as for caspases 3, 8, and 9, was more significantly activated in TNBC than in normal cells. StenB also caused oxidative stress in TNBC cells but not in normal cells according to a flow cytometry assay monitoring reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and their membrane potential. StenB induced greater DNA damage responses (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in TNBC than in normal cells. All these StenB responses were alleviated by NAC pretreatment. Collectively, StenB modulated oxidative stress responses, leading to the antiproliferation of TNBC cells with little cytotoxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Phoebe Sussana Primus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Shiau JP, Lee MY, Tang JY, Huang H, Lin ZY, Su JH, Hou MF, Cheng YB, Chang HW. Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides Extract Improves Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells without Cytotoxicity to Normal Cells In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121575. [PMID: 36559026 PMCID: PMC9783771 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects and mechanisms of marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides were rarely assessed, especially for methanol extract of A. suberitoides (MEAS) to breast cancer cells. This study evaluated the differential suppression effects of proliferation by MEAS between breast cancer and normal cells. MEAS demonstrated more antiproliferation impact on breast cancer cells than normal cells, indicating oxidative stress-dependent preferential antiproliferation effects on breast cancer cells but not for normal cells. Several oxidative stress-associated responses were highly induced by MEAS in breast cancer cells but not normal cells, including the generations of cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress as well as the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. MEAS downregulated cellular antioxidants such as glutathione, partly contributing to the upregulation of oxidative stress in breast cancer cells. This preferential oxidative stress generation is accompanied by more DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in breast cancer cells than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine reverted these MEAS-triggered responses. In conclusion, MEAS is a potential natural product for treating breast cancer cells with the characteristics of preferential antiproliferation function without cytotoxicity to normal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yu Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-07-525-2000 (ext. 5212) (Y.-B.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-07-525-2000 (ext. 5212) (Y.-B.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Peng SY, Yen CY, Lan TH, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Combined Treatment (Ultraviolet-C/Physapruin A) Enhances Antiproliferation and Oxidative-Stress-Associated Mechanism in Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2227. [PMID: 36421413 PMCID: PMC9686797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physapruin A (PHA), a Physalis peruviana-derived withanolide, exhibits antiproliferation activity against oral and breast cancer cells. However, its potential antitumor effects in combined treatments remain unclear. This investigation focused on evaluating the impact of the combined treatment of ultraviolet-C with PHA (UVC/PHA) on the proliferation of oral cancer cells. The UVC-caused antiproliferation was enhanced by combination with PHA in oral cancer (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) but not normal cells (SG), as evidenced by ATP detection, compared with UVC or PHA alone. UVC/PHA showed a greater extent of subG1 increase, G2/M arrest, annexin-V-assessed apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the UVC or PHA treatment of oral cancer compared to normal cells. Moreover, the mitochondrial functions, such as mitochondrial superoxide bursts and mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, of oral cancer cells were also enhanced by UVC/PHA compared to UVC or PHA alone. These oxidative stresses triggered γH2AX and 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine-assessed DNA damage to a greater extent under UVC/PHA treatment than under UVC or PHA treatment alone. The ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine reversed all these UVC/PHA-promoted changes. In conclusion, UVC/PHA is a promising strategy for decreasing the proliferation of oral cancer cells but shows no inhibitory effect on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsun Lan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Chen YN, Chan CK, Yen CY, Shiau JP, Chang MY, Wang CC, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Antioral Cancer Effects by the Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycles Compound (SK1) In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2072. [PMID: 36290795 PMCID: PMC9598307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycles-derived compound containing nitro, methoxy, and ispropyloxy groups, namely SK1, was developed in our previous report. However, the anticancer effects of SK1 were not assessed. Moreover, SK1 contains two nitro groups (NO2) and one nitrogen-oxygen (N-O) bond exhibiting the potential for oxidative stress generation, but this was not examined. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferation effects and oxidative stress and its associated responses between oral cancer and normal cells. Based on the MTS assay, SK1 demonstrated more antiproliferation ability in oral cancer cells than normal cells, reversed by N-acetylcysteine. This suggests that SK1 causes antiproliferation effects preferentially in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. The oxidative stress-associated responses were further validated, showing higher ROS/MitoSOX burst, MMP, and GSH depletion in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Meanwhile, SK1 caused oxidative stress-causing apoptosis, such as caspases 3/8/9, and DNA damages, such as γH2AX and 8-OHdG, to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Siilar to cell viability, these oxidative stress responses were partially diminished by NAC, indicating that SK1 promoted oxidative stress-dependent responses. In conclusion, SK1 exerts oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage to a greater extent to oral cancer cells than in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Methanol Extract of Commelina Plant Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091813. [PMID: 36139887 PMCID: PMC9495315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the effects of crude extract of Commelina plants in oral cancer treatment are scarce. This present study aimed to assess the proliferation-modulating effects of the Commelina sp. (MECO) methanol extract on oral cancer cells in culture, Ca9-22, and CAL 27. MECO suppressed viability to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. MECO also induced more annexin V, apoptosis, and caspase signaling for caspases 3/8/9 in oral cancer cells. The preferential antiproliferation and apoptosis were associated with cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress in oral cancer cells. Moreover, MECO also preferentially induced DNA damage in oral cancer cells by elevating γH2AX and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine. The oxidative stress scavengers N-acetylcysteine or MitoTEMPO reverted these preferential antiproliferation mechanisms. It can be concluded that MECO is a natural product with preferential antiproliferation effects and exhibits an oxidative stress-associated mechanism in oral cancer cells.
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Fucoidan/UVC Combined Treatment Exerts Preferential Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells but Not Normal Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091797. [PMID: 36139871 PMCID: PMC9495684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment is a promising anticancer strategy for improving antiproliferation compared with a single treatment but is limited by adverse side effects on normal cells. Fucoidan (FN), a brown-algae-derived polysaccharide safe food ingredient, exhibits preferential function for antiproliferation to oral cancer but not normal cells. Utilizing the preferential antiproliferation, the impacts of FN in regulating ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation were assessed in oral cancer cells. A combined treatment (UVC/FN) reduced cell viability of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) more than single treatments (FN or UVC), i.e., 53.7%/54.6% vs. 71.2%/91.6%, and 89.2%/79.4%, respectively, while the cell viability of UVC/FN treating on non-malignant oral (S–G) was higher than oral cancer cells, ranging from 106.0 to 108.5%. Mechanistically, UVC/FN preferentially generated higher subG1 accumulation and apoptosis-related inductions (annexin V, caspases 3, 8, and 9) in oral cancer cells than single treatments. UVC/FN preferentially generated higher oxidative stress than single treatments, as evidenced by flow cytometry-detecting reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and glutathione. Moreover, UVC/FN preferentially caused more DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) in oral cancer cells than in single treatments. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment validated the oxidative stress effects in these UVC/FN-induced changes. Taken together, FN effectively enhances UVC-triggered antiproliferation to oral cancer cells. UVC/FN provides a promising potential for preferential and synergistic antiproliferation in antioral cancer therapy.
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Methanol Extract of Clavularia inflata Exerts Apoptosis and DNA Damage to Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091777. [PMID: 36139851 PMCID: PMC9495492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferation effects of Clavularia-derived natural products against cancer cells have been reported on, but most studies have focused on identifying bioactive compounds, lacking a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism. Crude extracts generally exhibit multiple targeting potentials for anticancer effects, but they have rarely been assessed for methanol extracts of Clavularia inflata (MECI). This investigation aims to evaluate the antiproliferation of MECI and to examine several potential mechanisms between oral cancer and normal cells. A 24 h MTS assay demonstrated that MECI decreased cell viability in several oral cancer cell lines more than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, recovered these antiproliferation effects. Higher oxidative stress was stimulated by MECI in oral cancer cells than in normal cells, as proven by examining reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This preferential induction of oxidative stress was partly explained by downregulating more cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione, in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Consequently, the MECI-generated high oxidative stress in oral cancer cells was preferred to trigger more subG1 population, apoptosis expression (annexin V and caspase activation), and DNA damage, reverted by NAC. In conclusion, MECI is a potent marine natural product showing preferential antiproliferation against oral cancer cells.
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