1
|
Saleem S, Alghamdi KM, Mushtaq NU, Tahir I, Bahieldin A, Henrissat B, Alghamdi MK, Rehman RU, Hakeem KR. Computational and experimental analysis of foxtail millet under salt stress and selenium supplementation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112695-112709. [PMID: 37837596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major threat to crop growth and productivity. Millets are stress-tolerant crops that can withstand the environmental constraints. Foxtail millet is widely recognized as a drought and salinity-tolerant crop owing to its efficient ROS scavenging mechanism. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes that leads to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detoxification and stabilization of the internal biochemical state of the cell under stress. This inherent capacity of the APX enzyme can further be enhanced by the application of an external mitigant. This study focuses on the impact of salt (NaCl) and selenium (Se) application on the APX enzyme activity of foxtail millet using in silico and in-vitro techniques and mRNA expression studies. The NaCl was applied in the concentrations, i.e., 150 mM and 200 mM, while the Se was applied in 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM concentrations. The in silico studies involved three-dimensional structure modeling and molecular docking. The in vitro studies comprised the morphological and biochemical parameters, alongside mRNA expression studies in foxtail millet under NaCl stress and Se applications. The in silico studies revealed that the APX enzyme showed better interaction with Se as compared to NaCl, thus suggesting the enzyme-modulating role of Se. The morphological and biochemical analysis indicated that Se alleviated the NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) and induced symptoms at 1 µM as compared to 5 and 10 µM by enhancing the morphological parameters, upregulating the gene expression and enzyme activity of APX, and ultimately reducing the H2O2 content significantly. The transcriptomic studies confirmed the upregulation of chloroplastic APX in response to salt stress and selenium supplementation. Hence, it can be concluded that Se as a mitigant at lower concentrations can alleviate NaCl stress in foxtail millet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Saleem
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Khalid M Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ul Mushtaq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Ahmad Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad K Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reiaz Ul Rehman
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bahgat AR, Dahab AA, Elhakem A, Gururani MA, El-Serafy RS. Integrated Action of Rhizobacteria with Aloe vera and Moringa Leaf Extracts Improves Defense Mechanisms in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Cultivated in Saline Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3684. [PMID: 37960041 PMCID: PMC10648473 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is a serious physiological disorder that affects water movement within the cell membranes. Osmotic stress adversely affects agricultural production and sustainability and is largely caused by soil salinity and water stress. An integrated nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) soil amendment and an exogenous foliar application of Aloe vera leaf extract (ALE), and moringa leaf extract (MLE) were evaluated on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) growth, calyx yield, secondary metabolites, and tolerance to osmotic stress in salt-affected soil. The osmotic stress markedly decreased above- and below-ground development of the roselle plant, but integrated NFB soil amendment with ALE or MLE foliar application significantly alleviated its negative impacts. Broadly, an improvement was observed in chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and protein levels following NFB and extracts foliar application, as well as a significant enhancement in antioxidant production (total phenols, ascorbic acid, and FRAP), which decreased peroxide production and increased stress tolerance in plants. Under osmotic stress, the roselle calyx revealed the highest anthocyanin levels, which declined following NFB soil amendment and foliar extract application. Additionally, an enhancement in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents and the K/Na ratio, along with a depression in sodium (Na) content, was noticed. The integrated application of Azospirillum lipoferum × ALE exhibited the best results in terms of enhancing above- and below-ground growth, calyx yield, secondary metabolites, and tolerance to osmotic stress of the roselle plants cultivated in the salt-affected soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Raouf Bahgat
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Dahab
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Abeer Elhakem
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha S. El-Serafy
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Proteomic Approaches to Uncover Salt Stress Response Mechanisms in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010518. [PMID: 36613963 PMCID: PMC9820213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is an unfavorable outcome of global climate change, adversely affecting crop growth and yield. It is the second-biggest abiotic factor damaging the morphological, physio-biochemical, and molecular processes during seed germination and plant development. Salt responses include modulation of hormonal biosynthesis, ionic homeostasis, the antioxidant defense system, and osmoprotectants to mitigate salt stress. Plants trigger salt-responsive genes, proteins, and metabolites to cope with the damaging effects of a high salt concentration. Enhancing salt tolerance among crop plants is direly needed for sustainable global agriculture. Novel protein markers, which are used for crop improvement against salt stress, are identified using proteomic techniques. As compared to single-technique approaches, the integration of genomic tools and exogenously applied chemicals offers great potential in addressing salt-stress-induced challenges. The interplay of salt-responsive proteins and genes is the missing key of salt tolerance. The development of salt-tolerant crop varieties can be achieved by integrated approaches encompassing proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and genome-editing tools. In this review, the current information about the morphological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of salt response/tolerance in crops is summarized. The significance of proteomic approaches to improve salt tolerance in various crops is highlighted, and an integrated omics approach to achieve global food security is discussed. Novel proteins that respond to salt stress are potential candidates for future breeding of salt tolerance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdulmajeed AM, Alharbi BM, Alharby HF, Abualresh AM, Badawy GA, Semida WM, Rady MM. Simultaneous Action of Silymarin and Dopamine Enhances Defense Mechanisms Related to Antioxidants, Polyamine Metabolic Enzymes, and Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3069. [PMID: 36432798 PMCID: PMC9692805 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin (Sm) and dopamine (DA) act synergistically as potential antioxidants, mediating many physiological and biochemical processes. As a first report, we investigated the synergistic effect of Sm and DA in mitigating cadmium stress in Phaseolus vulgaris plants. Three experiments were conducted simultaneously using 40 cm diameter pots to elucidate how Sm and DA affect cadmium tolerance traits at morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels. Cadmium stress triggered a marked reduction in growth, productivity, and physio-biochemical characteristics of common bean plants compared to unstressed plants. Seed priming (SP) and foliar spraying (FS) with silymarin (Sm) or dopamine (DA) ((DA (SP) + Sm (FS) and Sm (SP) + DA (FS)) ameliorated the damaging effects of cadmium stress. Sm seed priming + DA foliar spraying (Sm (SP) + DA (FS)) was more efficient. The treated stressed common bean plants showed greater tolerance to cadmium stress by diminishing oxidative stress biomarkers (i.e., O2•-, H2O2, and MDA) levels through enhanced enzymatic (SOD, CAT, POD, APX) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol, choline, phenolics, flavonoids) antioxidant activities and osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, and soluble sugars) contents, as well as through improved photosynthetic efficiency (total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, photochemical activity, and efficiencies of carboxylation (iCE) and PSII (Fv/Fm)), polyamines (Put, Spd, and Spm), and polyamine metabolic enzymes (ADC and ODC) accumulation. These findings signify that Sm and DA have remarkable anti-stress effects, which can help regulate plant self-defense systems, reflecting satisfactory plant growth and productivity. Thus, realizing the synergistic effect of Sm and DA in cadmium tolerance confers potential new capabilities for these compounds to function in sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awatif M. Abdulmajeed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Umluj 46429, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M. Abualresh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada A. Badawy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Umluj 46429, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M. Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|