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Niziołek K, Słota D, Sadlik J, Łachut E, Florkiewicz W, Sobczak-Kupiec A. Influence of Drying Technique on Physicochemical Properties of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite and Its Potential Use as a Drug Carrier. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6431. [PMID: 37834568 PMCID: PMC10573467 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring hydroxyapatite (HA) is the mineral phase of bone tissue. It is characterized by its bioactivity toward stimulating bone cells to proliferate and thus form new apatite layers. For this reason, it is a material commonly used in implantology for filling defects or covering implants (such as endoprostheses). There are several methods to obtain synthetic HA, and by controlling parameters such as temperature, pressure or the drying process, physicochemical parameters of the final powder can be affected. In the present study, HA was obtained by wet precipitation technique and subjected to two different drying methods, determining whether this parameter significantly affects the properties of the final material obtained. Analyzed Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of functional groups typical for HA. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) demonstrated that the materials are partially amorphous; however, the only phase was identified in HA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology and the density, and average grain diameter was measured. Furthermore, HA powders were subjected to modification with the antibiotic clindamycin to determine the potential for use as a carrier for the active substance. The release rate of the drug was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The differences in the characteristics of the powders were relatively small; however, they affected the rate of drug release from the material as well as the shape of the grains. The method of drying the powders was shown to affect the shape of the grains, as well as the porosity of the sinters prepared from it. A higher amount of clindamycin released into PBS was observed in material with more pores. The materials have demonstrated the potential to be used as a carrier for the active substance; however, further biological, as well as physicochemical, analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Niziołek
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
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Słota D, Piętak K, Florkiewicz W, Jampilek J, Tomala A, Urbaniak MM, Tomaszewska A, Rudnicka K, Sobczak-Kupiec A. Clindamycin-Loaded Nanosized Calcium Phosphates Powders as a Carrier of Active Substances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091469. [PMID: 37177013 PMCID: PMC10180150 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) are one of the building components of the inorganic part of bones. Synthetic CaPs are frequently used as materials for filling bone defects in the form of pastes or composites; however, their porous structure allows modification with active substances and, thus, subsequent use as a drug carrier for the controlled release of active substances. In this study, four different ceramic powders were compared: commercial hydroxyapatite (HA), TCP, brushite, as well as HA obtained by wet precipitation methods. The ceramic powders were subjected to physicochemical analysis, including FTIR, XRD, and determination of Ca/P molar ratio or porosity. These techniques confirmed that the materials were phase-pure, and the molar ratios of calcium and phosphorus elements were in accordance with the literature. This confirmed the validity of the selected synthesis methods. CaPs were then modified with the antibiotic clindamycin. Drug release was determined on HPLC, and antimicrobial properties were tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The specific surface area of the ceramic has been demonstrated to be a factor in drug release efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Słota
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31 864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karina Piętak
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31 864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Florkiewicz
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31 864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Tomala
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31 864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Urbaniak
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Tomaszewska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31 864 Krakow, Poland
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