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Wu X, Chen X, Ye A, Cao J, He R, Pan M, Jin F, Ma H, Zhou W. Multi-tissue metabolomic profiling reveals potential mechanisms of cocoon yield in silkworms (Bombyx mori) fed formula feed versus mulberry leaves. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:977047. [PMID: 36060262 PMCID: PMC9428324 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.977047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of formula feed (FF) for silkworms for all instars, has promoted transformation and progress in traditional sericulture. However, the cocoon yield of FF silkworms has failed to reach that of silkworms fed mulberry leaves (ML). The biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been well described. This study aimed to identify metabolic mechanisms and potential biomarkers relating to the poor cocoon yield of FF silkworms. In this study, silkworms received treatments of either ML (ML group) or FF (FF group) for all instars. At the 3rd day of the 5th instar, the midgut (MG), hemolymph (HL) and posterior silk gland (PSG) were collected for the metabolome profiles detection. The remaining silkworms were fed ML or FF until cocooning for investigation. The whole cocoon yield (WCY) was significantly higher in the FF group than the ML group (p < 0.05), whereas the cocoon shell weight (CSW) and cocoon shell rate (CSR) were significantly lower in the FF group (p < 0.05). A total of 845, 867 and 831 metabolites were qualified and quantified in the MG, HL and PSG of the FF silkworms, respectively. Correspondingly, 789, 833 and 730 metabolites were quantified in above three tissues of the ML group. Further, 230, 249 and 304 significantly different metabolites (SDMs) were identified in the MG, HL and PSG between the FF and ML group, respectively. Eleven metabolic pathways enriched by the SDMs were mutual among the three tissues. Among them, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism were the top three pathways with the highest impact value in the PSG. Six biomarkers were obtained through biomarker analysis and Pearson correlation calculation. Among them, homocitrulline, glycitein, valyl-threonine, propyl gallate and 3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid were positively correlated with WCY, but negatively correlated with CSW and CSR (p < 0.05). An opposite correlation pattern was observed between 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and the three cocoon performance traits. Overall, three key metabolic pathways and six biomarkers associated with cocoon yield were interpreted, and should provide directions for formula feed optimization in factory-raised silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuedong Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aihong Ye
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinru Cao
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruimin He
- Shengzhou Mulsun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiliang Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Shengzhou Mulsun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanyan Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlin Zhou
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenlin Zhou,
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Boukoufi C, Boudier A, Maincent P, Vigneron J, Clarot I. Food-inspired innovations to improve the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121881. [PMID: 35680111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food-processing and pharmaceutical industries share a lot of stability issues against the same physical, chemical, and microbiological phenomena. They also share some solutions to improve the stability as the use of preservatives and packaging. Ecological concerns lead to the development of tremendous innovations in food. Some of these innovations could also be beneficial in the pharmaceutical domain. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential application of these findings in the pharmaceutical field and the main limits in terms of toxicity, environmental, economic and regulatory issues. The principal factors influencing the shelf-life were highlighted through the description of the stability studies usually performed in the pharmaceutical industry (according to European guidelines). To counter those factors, different solutions are currently available as preservatives and specific packaging. They were described and debated with an overview of recent food innovations in each field. The limits of the current solutions in the pharmaceutical field and the innovation in the food field have inspired a critical pharmaceutical outlook. The active and intelligent packaging for active pharmaceutical ingredients of the future is imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Boukoufi
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Jean Vigneron
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Gallic Acid Derivatives Propyl Gallate and Epigallocatechin Gallate Reduce rRNA Transcription via Induction of KDM2A Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010030. [PMID: 35053178 PMCID: PMC8773796 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lysine-demethylase 2A (KDM2A), a Jumonji-C histone demethylase, is activated by gallic acid to reduce H3K36me2 levels in the rRNA gene promoter and consequently inhibit rRNA transcription and cell proliferation in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Gallic acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to activate KDM2A. Esters of gallic acid, propyl gallate (PG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and other chemicals, reduce cancer cell proliferation. However, whether these compounds activate KDM2A has yet to be tested. In this study, we found that PG and EGCG decreased rRNA transcription and cell proliferation through KDM2A in MCF-7 cells. The activation of both AMPK and ROS production by PG or EGCG was required to activate KDM2A. Of note, while the elevation of ROS production by PG or EGCG was limited in time, it was sufficient to activate KDM2A. Importantly, the inhibition of rRNA transcription and cell proliferation by gallic acid, PG, or EGCG was specifically observed in MCF-7 cells, whereas it was not observed in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. Altogether, these results suggest that the derivatization of gallic acid may be used to obtain new compounds with anti-cancer activity.
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