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Skondras-Giousios D, Karmiris-Obratański P, Jarosz M, Markopoulos AP. Investigation of the Influence of Machining Parameters and Surface Roughness on the Wettability of the Al6082 Surfaces Produced with WEDM. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1689. [PMID: 38612202 PMCID: PMC11012262 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional machining technique, capable of processing any kind of conductive material. Recently, it has been successfully utilized for producing hydrophobic characteristics in inherently hydrophilic metallic materials. In this work, Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) was utilized for producing hydrophobic characteristics on the surface of the aluminum alloy 6082, and various parameters that can affect wettability were investigated. Adopting an orthogonal Taguchi approach, the effects of the process parameter values of peak current, pulse-on time, and gap voltage on the contact angles of the machined surfaces were investigated. After machining, all samples were observed to have obtained hydrophobic properties, reaching contact angles up to 132°. The peak current was identified as the most influential parameter regarding the contact angle, while the gap voltage was the less influential parameter. A contact angle variation of 30° was observed throughout different combinations of machining parameters. Each combination of the machining parameters resulted in a distinct surface morphology. The samples with moderate roughness values (3.4 μm > Sa > 5.7 μm) were found to be more hydrophobic than the samples with high or low values, where the contact angle was measured under 115°. In addition, the finite element modeling of the experimental setup, with parametric surfaces of uniform random and Perlin noise types of roughness, was implemented. Time dependent simulations coupling phase field and laminar flow for the modelingof the wetting of surfaces with different surface roughness characteristics showed that an increase in the Sa roughness and total wetted area can lead to an increase in the contact angle. The combination of experimental and computational results suggests that the complexity of the wettability outcomes of aluminum alloy surfaces processed with WEDM lies in the interplay between variations of the surface chemical composition, roughness, micro/nano morphology, and the surface capability of forming a composite air/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skondras-Giousios
- Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Angelos P. Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Ge-Zhang S, Cai T, Yang H, Ding Y, Song M. Biology and nature: Bionic superhydrophobic surface and principle. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1033514. [PMID: 36324886 PMCID: PMC9618887 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1033514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature is the source of human design inspiration. In order to adapt to the environment better, creatures in nature have formed various morphological structures during billions of years of evolution, among which the superhydrophobic characteristics of some animal and plant surface structures have attracted wide attention. At present, the preparation methods of bionic superhydrophobic surface based on the microstructure of animal and plant body surface include vapor deposition, etching modification, sol-gel method, template method, electrostatic spinning method and electrostatic spraying method, etc., which have been used in medical care, military industry, shipping, textile and other fields. Based on nature, this paper expounds the development history of superhydrophobic principle, summarizes the structure and wettability of superhydrophobic surfaces in nature, and introduces the characteristics differences and applications of different superhydrophobic surfaces in detail. Finally, the challenge of bionic superhydrophobic surface is discussed, and the future development direction of this field is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingbo Song
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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He Z, Jamil MI, Li T, Zhang Q. Enhanced Surface Icephobicity on an Elastic Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:18-35. [PMID: 34919404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ice accumulation on exposed surfaces is unavoidable as time elapses and the temperature decreases sufficiently. To mitigate icing problems, various types of icephobic substrates have been rationally designed, including superhydrophobic substrates (SHSs), aqueous lubricating layers, organic lubricating layers, organogels, polyelectrolyte brush layers, electrolyte-based hydrogels, elastic substrates, and multicrack initiator-promoted surfaces. Among these surfaces, elastic substrates show excellent enhanced surface icephobicity during dynamic processes (i.e., water-impacting and de-icing tests). Herein, we summarize recent progress in elastic icephobic substrates and discuss the reasons that surface icephobicity can be enhanced on elastic substrates in terms of enhanced water repellency and further lowering the ice adhesion strength. For enhanced water repellency, we focus on reducing the contact time of water impacting such that water droplets can be easily shed from an elastic substrate before ice occurs. Reducing the contact time of water impacting various substrates (i.e., micro/nanostructured rigid SHSs, macrotextured rigid SHSs, and elastic SHSs) is discussed, followed by exploring their mechanisms. We argue that the ice adhesion strength can be further lowered on an elastic substrate by rationally tuning the elastic modulus and surface textures (i.e., surface textured and hollow subsurface textured) and combining elastic substrate with other passive anti-icing strategies (or functioning passive icephobic substrates with an electrothermal or photothermal stimulus). In short, the introduction of an elastic substrate into a passive or active icephobicity surface opens an avenue toward designing a versatile icephobic surface, providing great potential for outdoor anti-icing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Anti-Icing Materials (AIM) Laboratory, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Li X, Zhang X, Ren H. Study on the Preparation and Properties of Impervious and Breathable Sand Based on Hydrophobic Theory. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5613. [PMID: 34640006 PMCID: PMC8510136 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Land desertification, a severe global ecological and environmental problem, brings challenges to the sustainable utilization of land resources in the world. The purpose of this research is to use hydrophobic theory to prepare impervious and breathable sand, and to solve the problems of sandy soil that seeps easily and makes it difficult for vegetation to survive in desertified areas. The influences of coating material content, first-level and second-level rough structure on the impermeability and air permeability of impervious and breathable sand were studied. The research showed that, with the increase in coating material content, the impervious performance of the sample increased firstly and then decreased, and the air permeability rose continuously. The hydrostatic pressure resistance of the sample can reach an extreme value of 53 mm. The first-level rough structure of micron structure can greatly improve the hydrophobic performance, thus improving the impervious performance. The addition of micron calcium carbonate would improve the hydrostatic pressure resistance height of the sample to 190 mm. The sample would reach a superhydrophobic state in the condition of a first-level rough structure of a nano structure built by nano silica, and the contact angle was up to 152.0°, so that the hydrostatic pressure resistance height can rise to 205 mm. The best performance would be achieved under the condition of relatively less raw material with a second-level rough structure of micro-nano. At this point, the contact angle of the sample reached 152.8° and the hydrostatic pressure resistance height was up to 205 mm. At the same time, the air permeability index of the above four kinds of impervious and breathable sand met all planting requirements. The sample prepared can satisfy the demands of different degrees of impermeability and air permeability, and can be widely used in desertification control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; (X.L.); (H.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; (X.L.); (H.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; (X.L.); (H.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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Xia Z, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Yang C, Li L, Wang S, Wang M. The simulation of droplet impact on the super-hydrophobic surface with micro-pillar arrays fabricated by laser irradiation and silanization processes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bouncing Dynamics of Impact Droplets on the Biomimetic Plane and Convex Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Dual-Level and Three-Level Structures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111524. [PMID: 31731520 PMCID: PMC6915665 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the contact time of a water droplet on non-wetting surfaces has great potential in the areas of self-cleaning and anti-icing, and gradually develops into a hot issue in the field of wettability surfaces. However, the existing literature on dynamic behavior of water drops impacting on superhydrophobic surfaces with various structural shapes is insufficient. Inspired by the microstructure of lotus leaf and rice leaf, dual-level and three-level structures on plane and convex surfaces were successfully fabricated by wire electrical discharge machining on aluminum alloy. After spraying hydrophobic nanoparticles on the surfaces, the plane and convex surfaces with dual-level and three-level structures showed good superhydrophobic property. Bouncing dynamics of impact droplets on the superhydrophobic surfaces wereinvestigated, and the results indicated that the contact time of plane superhydrophobic surface with a three-level structure was minimal, which is 60.4% less than the plane superhydrophobic surface with dual-level structure. The effect of the interval S, width D, and height H of the structure on the plane superhydrophobic surface with three-level structure on contact time was evaluated to obtain the best structural parameters for reducing contact time. This research is believed to guide the direction of the structural design of the droplet impinging on solid surfaces.
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Liu C, Zhu L, Li J, Liang Y. Fabrication of superhydrophobic bionic surface integrating with VOF simulation studies of liquid drop impacting. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:615-623. [PMID: 30666735 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbao Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin University Changchun China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic EngineeringMinistry of Education, Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin University Changchun China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin University Changchun China
| | - Yunhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and ControlJilin University Changchun China
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Qiao X, Yang C, Zhang Q, Yang S, Chen Y, Zhang D, Yuan X, Wang W, Zhao Y. Preparation of Parabolic Superhydrophobic Material for Oil-Water Separation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1914. [PMID: 30304798 PMCID: PMC6213289 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to prepare parabolic superhydrophobic materials, copper meshes were used as the substrate and ultrasonic etching and oxidative corrosion were carried out with FeCl₃ solution and H₂O₂ solution, respectively, and then the surface was modified with stearic acid (SA). The topological structure and surface wettability of the prepared mesh were characterized by fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement. Finally, the as-prepared copper meshes were applied to oil-water separation. The results showed that the micro-nano-mastoid structure on the surface of the copper mesh was flaky bulges, forming a rough structure similar to a paraboloid. When the oxidative corrosion time of H₂O₂ was 1 min, it is more beneficial to increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of the copper mesh and increase the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the membrane. Additionally, based on superhydrophobic materials of the parabolic copper mesh, the static contact angles of the water droplets, engine oil and carbon tetrachloride with the surface were approximately 153.6°, 5° and 0.1°, respectively and the sliding angle of the water droplets with the surface were approximately 4.9°. The parabolic membrane was applied to discuss the separation efficiency of different oils with deionized water and the separation efficiency was obtained as benzene > carbon tetrachloride > oil > machine oil. Therefore, based on the research, the parabolic superhydrophobic material has good efficiency of oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater and Ecological Environment in Shaanxi Province, Xi'a 710054, China.
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Shengke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater and Ecological Environment in Shaanxi Province, Xi'a 710054, China.
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Wenke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater and Ecological Environment in Shaanxi Province, Xi'a 710054, China.
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Dooge Centre for Water Resource Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Liu C, Zhu L, Bu W, Liang Y. Superhydrophobic surfaces: From nature to biomimetic through VOF simulation. Micron 2018; 107:94-100. [PMID: 29482103 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The contact angle, surface structure and chemical compositions of Canna leaves were investigated. According to the surface structure of Canna leaves which observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)model was established and the method of volume of fluid (VOF) was used to simulate the process of droplet impacting on the surface and established a smooth surface for comparison to verify that the surface structure was an important factor of the superhydrophobic properties. Based on the study of Canna leaf and VOF simulation of its surface structure, the superhydrophobic samples were processed successfully and showed a good superhydrophobic property with a contact angle of 156 ± 1 degrees. A high-speed camera (5000 frames per second) was used to assess droplet movement and determine the contact time of the samples. The contact time for the sample was 13.1 ms. The results displayed that the artificial superhydrophobic surface is perfect for the performance of superhydrophobic properties. The VOF simulation method was efficient, accurate and low cost before machining artificial superhydrophobic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbao Liu
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Weiyang Bu
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yunhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
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Andrew M, Liu Y, Yeomans JM. Variation of the Contact Time of Droplets Bouncing on Cylindrical Ridges with Ridge Size. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7583-7587. [PMID: 28692284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the contact time between bouncing droplets and an underlying solid surface is relevant to a broad range of industrial applications, such as anti-icing and self-cleaning. Previous work has found that placing cylindrical obstacles on the substrate leads to a reduction in contact time. For obstacles large compared to the drop, this is a result of hydrodynamic coupling between the azimuthal and axial spreading directions. For obstacles small compared to the drop, the reduction in contact time is interpreted as being due to fast retraction along the cylindrical ridge, followed by drop breakup. Here we use simulations to discuss in greater detail the effect of varying the obstacle size on the dynamics of the drop bouncing. We investigate the crossover between the two regimes and explain why the contact time is minimized when the radii of the drop and the cylindrical obstacle are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Andrew
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics , 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - Yahua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Nontraditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics , 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
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