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Osa-Uwagboe N, Udu AG, Silberschmidt VV, Baxevanakis KP, Demirci E. Damage Assessment of Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Structures under Quasi-Static Indentation with Acoustic Emission. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5036. [PMID: 37512309 PMCID: PMC10383916 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) in various industrial applications continues to increase thanks to their good strength-to-weight ratio and impact resistance, as well as the high strength that provides engineers with advanced options for the design of modern structures subjected to a variety of out-of-plane impacts. An assessment of the damage morphology under such conditions using non-destructive techniques could provide useful data for material design and optimisation. This study investigated the damage mechanism and energy-absorption characteristics of E-glass laminates and sandwich structures with GFRP face sheets with PVC cores under quasi-static indentation with conical, square, and hemispherical indenters. An acoustic emission (AE) technique, coupled with a k-means++ pattern-recognition algorithm, was employed to identify the dominant microscopic and macroscopic damage mechanisms. Additionally, a post-mortem damage assessment was performed with X-ray micro computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy to validate the identified clusters. It was found that the specific energy absorption after impact with the square and hemispherical indenters of the GFRP sandwich and the plain laminate differed significantly, by 19.29% and 43.33%, respectively, while a minimal difference of 3.5% was recorded for the conical indenter. Additionally, the results obtained with the clustering technique applied to the acoustic emission signals detected the main damaged modes, such as matrix cracking, fibre/matrix debonding, delamination, the debonding of face sheets/core, and core failure. The results therefore could provide a methodology for the optimisation and prediction of damage for the health monitoring of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Osa-Uwagboe
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Air Force Research and Development Centre, Nigerian Air Force Base, Kaduna 800282, Nigeria
| | - Amadi Gabriel Udu
- Air Force Research and Development Centre, Nigerian Air Force Base, Kaduna 800282, Nigeria
- School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Konstantinos P Baxevanakis
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emrah Demirci
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Zapico P, Rodríguez-González P, Robles-Valero P, Fernández-Abia AI, Barreiro J. Influence of Post-Processing on the Properties of Multi-Material Parts Obtained by Material Projection AM. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092089. [PMID: 37177232 PMCID: PMC10180849 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The great geometric complexity that additive manufacturing allows in parts, together with the possibility of combining several materials in the same part, establishes a new design and manufacturing paradigm. Despite the interest of many leading sectors, the lack of standardization still makes it necessary to carry out characterization work to enjoy these advantages in functional parts. In many of these techniques, the process does not end with the end of the machine cycle, but different post-processing must be carried out to consider the part finished. It has been found that the type of post process applied can have a similar effect on part quality as other further studied process parameters. In this work, the material projection technique was used to manufacture multi-material parts combining resins with different mechanical properties. The influence of different post-processing on the tensile behavior of these parts was analyzed. The results show the detrimental effect of ultrasonic treatment with isopropyl alcohol in the case of the more flexible resin mixtures, being advisable to use ultrasonic with mineral oil or furnace treatment. For more rigid mixtures, the furnace is the best option, although the other post-processing techniques do not significantly deteriorate their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zapico
- Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Campus of Gijón, 33204 Gijón, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospace Engineering, University of León-Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Pablo Robles-Valero
- Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospace Engineering, University of León-Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fernández-Abia
- Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospace Engineering, University of León-Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Joaquín Barreiro
- Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospace Engineering, University of León-Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
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Farmer ZL, Domínguez-Robles J, Mancinelli C, Larrañeta E, Lamprou DA. Urogynecological surgical mesh implants: New trends in materials, manufacturing and therapeutic approaches. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119512. [PMID: 32526332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) and Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) are two prevalent disorders affecting 30-40% of women worldwide. Current strategies to repair or improve these medical conditions are non-surgical options such as physiotherapy, or surgical options such as the use of vaginal meshes. The synthetic material polypropylene (PP), which has long been used for manufacturing these vaginal meshes, is associated with severe complications such as chronic pain, infection or mesh erosion. As a result of a widespread reporting and unacceptably high rates of complications, these issues have become a public health concern. Regulatory bodies have recently deemed the transvaginal placement of PP mesh in the pelvic floor (PF) no longer a suitable treatment method for PF repair, leading to the need for a novel approach to the manufacture and selection of materials for urogynecological meshes. Medical devices, such as vaginal meshes can be manufactured using a variety of techniques including injection moulding, electrospinning, hot-melt extrusion (HME) or more recently 3D printing. Over the past decade, the use of 3D printing within the medical device industry has expanded and offers a promising approach to manufacture patient-specific surgical mesh when combined with imaging tools. This review will summarise the current strategies to treat POP and SUI, the issues and use of current meshes for the treatment of these pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), and the future directions for the manufacture of more suitable urogynecological meshes, as well as their potential materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara-Louise Farmer
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Caterina Mancinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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K. P, M. M, P. SP. Technologies in additive manufacturing for fiber reinforced composite materials: a review. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hu C, Sun Z, Xiao Y, Qin Q. Recent Patents in Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2212797612666190117131659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Additive Manufacturing (AM) enables the accurate fabrication of designed
parts in a short time without the need for specific molds and tools. Although polymers are the most
widely used raw materials for AM, the products printed by them are inherently weak, unable to sustain
large tension or bending stresses. A need for the manufacturing of fiber reinforced composites, especially
continuous fiber as reinforcement, has attracted great attention in recent years.
Objective:
Identifying the progress of the AM of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites over
time and therefore establishing a foundation on which current research can be based.
Methods:
Elaborating the most related patents regarding the AM techniques for fabricating continuous
fiber reinforced composites in the top three institutions, including Markforged company, Xi’an Jiaotong
University and President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Results:
The recent patents in AM of continuous fiber reinforced composites are classified into two
aspects: patents related to novel technique methods and patents related to novel structures. The current
issues and future development of AM-based composites are given.
Conclusion:
New structures and techniques have been introduced into conventional 3D printers to enable
the printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites. However, until now, Markforged is the only
company commercializing the fabrication of this kind of composites based on AM technique. Numerous
challenges and issues need to be solved so that AM of continuous fiber reinforced composites can
be a new manufacturing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi Xiao
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Qinghua Qin
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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3D Printing and Bioprinting in MEMS Technology. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8070229. [PMID: 30400417 PMCID: PMC6190140 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
3D printing and bioprinting have advanced significantly in printing resolution in recent years, which presents a great potential for fabricating small and complex features suitable for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with new functionalities. This special issue aims to give a glimpse into the future of this research field.
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