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Identification of Flavonoids in the Leaves of Eranthis longistipitata (Ranunculaceae) by Liquid Chromatography with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102146. [PMID: 34685955 PMCID: PMC8539099 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eranthis longistipitata Regel is an endemic plant of Central Asia. The flavonoid profile of E. longistipitata leaves was studied by mass spectrometry for the first time (natural populations of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, in 70% aqueous–ethanol extracts by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry). Mass spectrometry revealed 18 flavonoid compounds. Flavonols featured the highest diversity, and 10 such substances were identified: 2 free aglycones (quercetin and kaempferol), 6 quercetin glycosides (peltatoside, hyperoside, reynoutrin, quercetin 3-sambubioside, rutin, and isoquercitrin), and 2 kaempferol glycosides (juglalin and trifolin). Two flavans (cianidanol and auriculoside), two hydroxyflavanones (6-methoxytaxifolin and aromadendrin), and one C-glycoside flavone—carlinoside—were identified. Dihydroxychalcones aspalathin, phloridzin, and phloretin were found too. Levels of rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and hyperoside were confirmed by means of standards and high-performance liquid chromatography. Rutin concentration was the highest among all other identified flavonoid compounds: in the leaf samples from Kyrgyzstan, it ranged from 2.46 to 3.20 mg/g, and in those from Uzbekistan, from 1.50 to 3.01 mg/g. The diversity of flavonoid compounds in E. longistipitata leaves is probably due to external ecological and geographic factors and adaptive mechanisms.
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Reguera RM, Rojo-Vázquez F, Balaña-Fouce R, Martínez-Valladares M. Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1715-1753. [PMID: 32166776 DOI: 10.1002/med.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiasis is one of the gravest problems worldwide. There is a growing concern on less available anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance creating a major threat to human and livestock health resources. Novel and broad-spectrum anthelmintics are urgently needed. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans could address this issue through automated high-throughput technologies for the screening of large chemical libraries. This review discusses the strong advantages and limitations for using C elegans as a screening method for anthelmintic drug discovery. C elegans is the best model available for the validation of novel effective drugs in treating most, if not all, helminth infections, and for the elucidation the mode of action of anthelmintic candidates. This review also focuses on available technologies in the discovery of anthelmintics published over the last 15 years with particular attention to high-throughput technologies over conventional screens. On the other hand, this review highlights how combinatorial and nanomedicine strategies could prolong the use of anthelmintics and control resistance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Rojo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Erst AS, Sukhorukov AP, Mitrenina EY, Skaptsov MV, Kostikova VA, Chernisheva OA, Troshkina V, Kushunina M, Krivenko DA, Ikeda H, Xiang K, Wang W. An integrative taxonomic approach reveals a new species of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) in North Asia. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 140:75-100. [PMID: 32194315 PMCID: PMC7066265 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.140.49048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new endemic species, Eranthis tanhoensis sp. nov., is described from the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk Province, Russia. It belongs to Eranthis section Shibateranthis and is morphologically similar to E. sibirica and E. stellata. An integrative taxonomic approach, based on cytogenetical, molecular and biochemical analyses, along with morphological data, was used to delimit this new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, RussiaCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., 634050, Tomsk, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Alexander P. Sukhorukov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234, Moscow, RussiaLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Elizaveta Yu. Mitrenina
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., 634050, Tomsk, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Mikhail V. Skaptsov
- South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, 61 Lenin Ave., Barnaul, 656049, RussiaAltai State UniversityBarnaulRussia
| | - Vera A. Kostikova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, RussiaCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Olga A. Chernisheva
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, RussiaSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesIrkutskRussia
| | - Victoria Troshkina
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, RussiaCentral Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Maria Kushunina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234, Moscow, RussiaLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Denis A. Krivenko
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., 634050, Tomsk, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, RussiaSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesIrkutskRussia
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kunli Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Reproductive Toxicity of Pomegranate Peel Extract Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles: A Multigeneration Study in C. elegans. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8767943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
C. elegans is a preferential model for testing environmental toxicity of compounds including nanomaterials. The impact of multigeneration exposure of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the lifespan and fertility of C. elegans is not known and therefore is investigated in this study. We used pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts as a reducing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PPE-AuNPs) from chloroauric acid. Nematodes were grown till adult stage and then exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of PPE-AuNPs at 20°C for 72 hours and then assessed for lifespan and fertility. The same protocols were followed for subsequent F1, F2, and F3 generations. The results showed that PPE-AuNPs dose-dependently but insignificantly reduced the lifespan of C. elegans. Exposure of PPE-AuNPs significantly and dose-dependently reduced the fertility of C. elegans in terms of the number of eggs produced. The reproductive toxicity of PPE-AuNPs was found to be minimal in parental generation (F0) and maximal in F3 generation. In conclusion, biologically synthesized PPE-AuNPs adversely affect the fertility of C. elegans while the factors responsible for reproductive toxicity are inherited by subsequent generations.
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Study of Green Synthesis of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Using Citrus Sinensis Peel. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel, one of the most underutilized biowaste, was in this study employed for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an alternative source of reductant and stabilizer. Spherical AuNPs with narrow size distribution (1.75 ± 0.86 nm) were obtained by controlling pH and adjusting sequence for the first time. ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) were applied to detect the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak, morphological and aggregate characteristic, elementary composition and hydrodynamic diameter, respectively. The major functional groups in extract were tested by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrophotometer to characterize the components which are responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AuNPs. The possible role of the components during the process of AuNPs synthesis is also discussed. The result of this study enriched the green source for ultra-small AuNPs synthesis, and will help to understand the mechanism of synthesis and stability of ultra-small AuNPs by fruit peels extract.
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