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Rosik J, Łyczko J, Marzec Ł, Stegenta-Dąbrowska S. Application of Composts' Biochar as Potential Sorbent to Reduce VOCs Emission during Kitchen Waste Storage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6413. [PMID: 37834550 PMCID: PMC10573545 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
It is expected that due to the new European Union regulation focus on waste management, managing kitchen waste will become more important in the future, especially in households. Therefore, it is crucial to develop user-friendly and odour-free containers to store kitchen waste. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of composts' biochar in reducing noxious odours and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during kitchen waste storage. Various amounts of compost biochar (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) were added to food waste samples and incubated for seven days at 20 °C. The released VOCs were analysed on days 1, 3, and 7 of the storage simulation process. The results indicated that adding 5-10% of composts' biochar to kitchen waste significantly reduced the emissions in 70% of the detected VOCs compounds. Furthermore, composts' biochar can be used to eliminate potential odour components and specific dangerous VOCs such as ethylbenzene, o-xylene, acetic acid, and naphthalene. A new composts' biochar with a unique composition was particularly effective in reducing VOCs and could be an excellent solution for eliminating odours in kitchen waste containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rosik
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37a, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (Ł.M.)
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Marzec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37a, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (Ł.M.)
| | - Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37a, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.); (Ł.M.)
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Ubando AT, Del Rosario AJR, Chen WH, Culaba AB. A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116149. [PMID: 33280912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the generation of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle T Ubando
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922, Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, Manila, 0922, Philippines; Thermomechanical Laboratory, De La Salle University, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna, 4024, Philippines
| | - Aaron Jules R Del Rosario
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922, Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, Manila, 0922, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
| | - Alvin B Culaba
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922, Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, Manila, 0922, Philippines
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Wolny-Koładka K, Malinowski M, Żukowski W. Impact of Calcium Oxide on Hygienization and Self-Heating Prevention of Biologically Contaminated Polymer Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184012. [PMID: 32927787 PMCID: PMC7558955 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the storage of spent polymer materials derived from municipal solid waste, which contain biodegradable impurities, an intense growth of microorganisms takes place. The aerobic metabolism of microorganisms may cause these materials to combust spontaneously and to become a real epidemiological risk for humans. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal addition of calcium oxide (CaO), which effectively reduces the number of selected microorganism groups populating the analyzed materials, in which spent polymers represent a significant fraction: refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and an undersize fraction of municipal solid waste (UFMSW). The main novelty of the experiments is to assess the benefits of using the commonly available and cheap filler (CaO), to hygienize the material and to reduce the fire hazard arising from its storage. During the mixing of spent polymer materials with pulverized CaO (mass shares: 1, 2, and 5% CaO), temperature changes were monitored using thermography. Moisture content (MC), pH, respiration activity (AT4) and bacterial count were determined before and after the experiment. During the addition of CaO (especially when the content was at 5%) to the UFMSW, higher maximum temperatures were obtained than in the case of RDF analyses, which may be the result of a high percentage of the biodegradable fraction and higher MC of the UFMSW. In all cases the waste temperature did not increase again after 3 min. CaO used in the experiment effectively limited the number of microorganisms. The addition of 5% of CaO has showed the strongest antimicrobial properties, and it can be recommended for hygienization of the analyzed materials and for the reduction of the risk of self-heating during their storage in windrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization. Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Witold Żukowski
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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Abstract
Studies have shown that biochar has the potential to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater. pH is known to have a crucial role in the transformation of pollutants. In this research, we explore the feasibility of using biochars properties to control the pH near the water–air interface, so the gaseous emissions from water (or wastewater) could be mitigated. This study aimed to test the effects of a thin layer biochar addition on the spatial and temporal variation of water pH. Two types of biochar and water were tested. Highly alkaline porous (HAP; pH 9.2) biochars made of corn stover and red oak (RO; pH 7.5) were applied surficially to tap (pH 9.5) and deionized water (DI) (pH 5.4). The spatial pH of solutions was measured every 1 mm of depth on days 0, 2, and 4 after biochar application. The results showed that HAP biochar increased the pH of both tap and DI water, while RO decreased tap water pH and increased DI water pH. On day 0, there was no effect on tap water pH, while a pH change in DI water was observed due to its lower buffer capacity. In addition, the pH (temporal) migration from topically applied biochar into an aqueous solution was visualized using a colorimetric pH indicator and corn starch to increase viscosity (to prevent biochars from sinking). The results prove that the surficial application of biochar to water was able to change both the pH near the water–air interface and the pH of the solution with time. The pH change was dependent on the biochar pH and water buffer capacity. These results warrant further research into the floatability of biochars and into designing biochars with specific pH, which could be a factor influencing gaseous emissions from liquids that are sensitive to pH.
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