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Ortiz MIG, Dos Santos JJ, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Aguiar FHB, Rischka K, Lima DANL. Maintenance of enamel properties after bleaching with high-concentrated hydrogen-peroxide gel containing calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5275-5285. [PMID: 37646909 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assessed the physical and chemical properties of human-enamel after treatment with an experimental bleaching gel containing 35%-hydrogen peroxide (HP) and calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles (CaPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel/dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 3 mm) were obtained (n = 120) and allocated to different groups: control (saliva only); experimental (HP35%); commercial (whiteness-HP-Maxx); CaPP0.5% (HP35% + CaPP0.5wt%); CaPP1.5% (HP35% + CaPP1.5wt%). Three sessions were performed. The specimens' color was assessed using a spectrophotometer and the color (ΔE/ΔE00) and bleaching index (ΔWID) determined. The surface roughness and microhardness were assessed with a roughness tester and Knoop indenter. Raman spectroscopy was performed to obtain the ratios between the areas under the 431, 580, and 1070 cm-1 and the 960 cm-1 bands (430:960, 580:960, 1070:960). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn compared the color, Ra, and SMH data. The Raman data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (α = 5%). RESULTS The ΔE, ΔE00, and ΔWID were similar among the bleached groups (p > 0.05). The roughness was not different between the groups (p > 0.05). After the 3rd session, CaPP0.5% had higher microhardness than the experimental (p < 0.05). The 1070:960 was higher in the experimental than in the CaPP1.5% and control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In human enamel, CaPP did not alter the bleaching effectiveness or roughness, and additionally, CaPP-containing gels increased the microhardness and preserved the mineral content when compared to the experimental without CaPP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Experimental bleaching gels containing calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles as a mineral source reduce the mineral content alteration and superficial microhardness reduction, known potential side effects of the in-office bleaching treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariángela Ivette Guanipa Ortiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana Jarussi Dos Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Bremen, Germany
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Tripathy D, Gadtya AS, Moharana S. Supramolecular Gel, Its classification, preparation, properties, and applications: A review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debajani Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Moharana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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Guanipa Ortiz MI, dos Santos JJ, Burga Sánchez J, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Aguiar FHB, Rischka K, Lima DANL. Calcium-Polyphosphate Submicroparticles (CaPP) Improvement Effect of the Experimental Bleaching Gels' Chemical and Cellular-Viability Properties. Gels 2023; 9:gels9010042. [PMID: 36661808 PMCID: PMC9857579 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop and characterize the chemical and cellular-viability properties of an experimental high-concentration bleaching gel (35 wt%-H2O2) containing calcium-polyphosphate particles (CaPP) at two concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1.5 wt%). The CaPP submicroparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation, keeping a Ca:P ratio of 2:1. The CaPP morphology, size, and chemical and crystal profiles were characterized through scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The assessed bleaching gels were experimental (without CaPP); 0.5% CaPP; 1.5% CaPP; and commercial. The gels’ pH values and H2O2 concentrations (iodometric titration) were determined. The odontoblast-like cell viability after a gel’s exposure was assessed by the MTT assay. The pH and H2O2 concentration were compared through a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey’s test and the cell viability through a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey’s test using a GraphPad Prism (α < 0.05). The CaPP particles were spherical (with Ca and P, 135.7 ± 80.95 nm size) and amorphous. The H2O2 concentration decreased in all groups after mixing (p < 0.001). The 0.5% CaPP resulted in more-stable pH levels and higher viability levels than the experimental one (p < 0.05). The successful incorporation of CaPP had a positive impact on the bleaching gel’s chemical and cellular-viability properties when compared to the experimental gel without these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Jarussi dos Santos
- Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Jonny Burga Sánchez
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho
- Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
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Palai YN, Shrotri A, Fukuoka A. Selective Oxidation of Furfural to Succinic Acid over Lewis Acidic Sn-Beta. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayati Naresh Palai
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Abhijit Shrotri
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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Benahmed AG, Gasmi A, Menzel A, Hrynovets I, Chirumbolo S, Shanaida M, Lysiuk R, Shanaida Y, Dadar M, Bjørklund G. A review on natural teeth whitening. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:49-58. [PMID: 34915121 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discoloration of teeth occurs for various reasons. Common ingredients like substances from tea and coffee, as well as antibiotics like tetracycline, or food dyes, can percolate into the teeth, and, as such, these stains may persist in the porous structure of the enamel. Smoking is also contributory to dental discoloration, with toxins of tobacco smoke accumulating in a similar way. With aging, teeth tend to be discolored with accumulation of various stains in addition to the enamel gradually eroding to expose the yellow dentin. HIGHLIGHT This review focused on the effect of several natural ingredients with teeth-whitening properties and their daily clinical application. Metabolic dental bleaching mechanisms, as well as tooth discoloration and decay, were also reviewed. The current scientific literature (mostly from 2000 to 2020) was consolidated from manuscripts retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. CONCLUSION Natural teeth whitening effectively lightens the natural color of teeth without eroding dental surfaces. On the other hand, commercially available whiteners containing hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, in high concentrations, can lead to deproteinization and demineralization of teeth through oxidation processes. If used extensively, these compounds may cause a number of adverse effects. Alternative natural teeth-whiteners include ingredients like lemons, strawberries, oranges, papaya, and other fruits. Such natural ingredients offer a milder and safer way of whitening teeth than whiteners containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Ihor Hrynovets
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine; CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine; CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo I Rana, Norway.
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Mazilu A, Popescu V, Sarosi C, Dumitrescu RS, Chisnoiu AM, Moldovan M, Dumitrescu LS, Prodan D, Carpa R, Gheorghe GF, Chisnoiu RM. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Gels Based on Bromelain, Whey and Quince Extract. Gels 2021; 7:191. [PMID: 34842665 PMCID: PMC8628677 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the appearance and color of teeth has led to the emergence of a wide range of teeth whitening methods, both in dental offices and in patients' homes. Concerns about the possible side effects or toxic effects of peroxide-based whitening gels leads to the identification of alternative whitening methods, based on natural compounds with mild action on tooth enamel and remineralizing effect. In this context, this study describes the preparation and in vitro analysis of whitening gels based on natural active agents-bromelain, quince and whey-using organic (polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol) and/or inorganic (silicate) excipients. Five natural products gels were prepared, containing bromelain extract, quince extract and whey, in various proportions. Two supplementary gels, one containing Lubrizol and another containing SiO2, were prepared. All gels were submitted for multiple in vitro analysis such as: SDS-PAGE analysis, UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM microscopy, antibacterial activity on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The quince extract sample was the only one which completely discolored the blue dye on SDS-PAGE analysis. On the UV-vis spectra, the 303 nm band is assigned to an in situ modified form of bromelain. SEM images of gels containing SiO2 particles show evident marks of these particles, while the rest of the gels containing Lubrizol or whey are more uniform. Regarding antibacterial tests, the SiO2 gel samples did not show inhibition in any strains, but the other tested samples varied in the size of the inhibition diameter depending on the amicrobial strain tested; the protease activity of bromelain modulates the composition of the added whey proteins. Bromelain added as a nanoencapsulated assembly better preserves its integrity. The prepared gels showed antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Mazilu
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Violeta Popescu
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Codruta Sarosi
- Department of Polymer Composites, “Raluca Ripan” Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Radu Silaghi Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andrea Maria Chisnoiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, “Raluca Ripan” Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Laura Silaghi Dumitrescu
- Department of Polymer Composites, “Raluca Ripan” Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Doina Prodan
- Department of Polymer Composites, “Raluca Ripan” Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Florentina Gheorghe
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei, 010232 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Marcel Chisnoiu
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Motilor Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Popescu V, Molea A, Moldovan M, Lopes PM, Mazilu Moldovan A, Popescu GL. The Influence of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Whey Proteins on the Properties of Gelatin-Whey Composite Hydrogels. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133507. [PMID: 34201757 PMCID: PMC8269533 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino-acids, peptides, and protein hydrolysates, together with their coordinating compounds, have various applications as fertilizers, nutritional supplements, additives, fillers, or active principles to produce hydrogels with therapeutic properties. Hydrogel-based patches can be adapted for drug, protein, or peptide delivery, and tissue healing and regeneration. These materials have the advantage of copying the contour of the wound surface, ensuring oxygenation, hydration, and at the same time protecting the surface from bacterial invasion. The aim of this paper is to describe the production of a new type of hydrogel based on whey protein isolates (WPI), whey protein hydrolysates (WPH), and gelatin. The hydrogels were obtained by utilizing a microwave-assisted method using gelatin, glycerol, WPI or WPH, copper sulfate, and water. WPH was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of whey protein isolates in the presence of bromelain. The hydrogel films obtained have been characterized by FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The swelling degree and swelling kinetics have also been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Popescu
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.P.); (P.M.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Andreia Molea
- Automotive Engineering and Transports Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Pompilia Mioara Lopes
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.P.); (P.M.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Amalia Mazilu Moldovan
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.P.); (P.M.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - George Liviu Popescu
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.P.); (P.M.L.); (A.M.M.)
- Automotive Engineering and Transports Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743174196
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Ribeiro JS, Barboza ADS, Cuevas-Suárez CE, da Silva AF, Piva E, Lund RG. Novel in-office peroxide-free tooth-whitening gels: bleaching effectiveness, enamel surface alterations, and cell viability. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10016. [PMID: 32572064 PMCID: PMC7308351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the bleaching ability, the effect on enamel surface and cytotoxicity of novel tooth-whitening formulations containing papain, ficin, or bromelain. Forty bovine dental discs (6 cm ×4 cm) were pigmentated and randomly allocated into the following groups (n = 10): Group 1, 20 wt% carbamide peroxide (control); group 2, 1% papain-based whitening; group 3, 1% ficin-based whitening; and group 4, 1% bromelain-based whitening. The whitening gels were prepared and applied on the enamel three times per day once a week, for 4 weeks. Color measurement was obtained by CIEDE2000. Enamel Knoop microhardness and roughness were evaluated. The WST-1 assay was used to evaluate the cell viability of mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student Newman Keuls's post hoc test at α = 0.05 significance level. Bromelain, ficin-based, and carbamide peroxide bleaching gels showed a similar color change (p < 0.001). Higher enamel hardness decrease and higher enamel roughness were caused by the carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05). The experimental whitening gels did not affect cell viability. Tooth bleaching gels containing bromelain, papain, or ficin have substantial clinical potential to be used in the development of peroxide-free tooth whitening gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silva Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, UFPel-Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas, 96015-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 3570 GreenBrier Boulevard 380 A, 48105, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andressa da Silva Barboza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, UFPel-Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas, 96015-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex hacienda la Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Adriana Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, UFPel-Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas, 96015-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, UFPel-Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas, 96015-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guerra Lund
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas Dental School, UFPel-Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas, 96015-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Lo Giudice A, Ortensi L, Farronato M, Lucchese A, Lo Castro E, Isola G. The step further smile virtual planning: milled versus prototyped mock-ups for the evaluation of the designed smile characteristics. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:165. [PMID: 32503567 PMCID: PMC7275593 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mock-up based approach allows the preview of the aesthetic rehabilitation, however, it is crucial that the mock-up does not differ from the expected aesthetic outcomes. With CAD-CAM technologies, it is possible to directly create mock-ups from virtual planned smile project, with greater accuracy and efficiency compared to the conventional moulded mock-ups. In this study, we investigated the trueness of mock-ups obtained with milling and 3D printing technology and a full digital work-flow system. METHODS Ten adults subjects were included and digital smile design/digital wax-up were performed to enhance the aesthetic of maxillary anterior region. Ten milled mock-ups and 10 prototyped mock-ups were obtained from the original .stl file and a digital analysis of trueness was carried out by superimposing the scanned-milled mock-ups and the scanned-prototyped mock-ups to the digital wax-up, according to the surface-to-surface matching technique. Specific linear measurements were performed to investigate and compare the dimensional characteristics of the physical manufactures, the 3D project and the scanned mock-ups. All data were statistically analyzed. A clinical test was also performed to assess the fitting of the final manufacture. RESULTS The prototyped mock-ups showed a significant increment of the transversal measurements (p < 0.001) while the milled mock-ups showed a significant increment of all vertical and transversal measurements (p < 0.001). The prototyped mock-ups showed good fitting after clinical tests while none of the milled mock-ups showed good adaptation (no fitting or significant clinical compensation required). Deviation analysis from the original 3D project reported a greater matching percentage for the scanned-milled mock-ups (80,31% ± 2.50) compared to the scanned-prototyped mock-ups (69,17% ± 2.64) (p < 0.001). This was in contrast with the findings from linear measurements as well as from the clinical test and may have been affected by a reductive algorithmic computation after digitization of physical mock-ups. CONCLUSION Both prototype and milled mock-ups showed a slight dimensional increment comparing to the original 3D project, with milled-mock-ups showing less fitting after clinical tests. Caution must be taken when assessing the trueness of scanned manufacture since an intrinsic error in the system can underestimate the dimensions of the real object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Luca Ortensi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Prosthodontist, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele", Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania, 98123, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucchese
- Department of Orthodontics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Antimicrobial Activity and the Effect of Green Tea Experimental Gels on Teeth Surfaces. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among esthetic procedures, teeth whitening is a common and often used treatment for patients who seek good teeth appearance. We developed an experimental green tea extract and an experimental green tea gel for enamel restoring treatment after bleaching. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal effect of the experimental extract against specific endodontic and cariogenic microorganisms. The green tea extract antibacterial action was determined by the disk-diffusion method using Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC27337), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) strains. Enamel microstructure was investigated by SEM analysis, and surface details were revealed by AFM. The inhibition zones around the wells showed evident antimicrobial activity of the experimental extract. In the presence of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), the extract showed no antifungal activity. The enamel’s surface roughness and hydroxyapatite prism aspects were the parameters followed throughout the study. The experimental green tea extract is efficient against some microorganisms commonly found in the oral cavity. However, the studied extract had no antifungal effect. The results show that after bleaching with the experimental gel, we obtained the best surface parameters, similar to healthy enamel.
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