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Panna AR, Hu IF, Kruskopf M, Patel DK, Jarrett DG, Liu CI, Payagala SU, Saha D, Rigosi AF, Newell DB, Liang CT, Elmquist RE. Graphene quantum Hall effect parallel resistance arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B 2021; 103:10.1103/physrevb.103.075408. [PMID: 34263094 PMCID: PMC8276113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.103.075408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As first recognized in 2010, epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) provides a platform for quantized Hall resistance (QHR) metrology unmatched by other two-dimensional structures and materials. Here we report graphene parallel QHR arrays, with metrologically precise quantization near 1000 Ω. These arrays have tunable carrier densities, due to uniform epitaxial growth and chemical functionalization, allowing quantization at the robust ν = 2 filling factor in array devices at relative precision better than 10-8. Broad tunability of the carrier density also enables investigation of the ν = 6 plateau. Optimized networks of QHR devices described in this work suppress Ohmic contact resistance error using branched contacts and avoid crossover leakage with interconnections that are superconducting for quantizing magnetic fields up to 13.5 T. Our work enables more direct scaling of resistance for quantized values in arrays of arbitrary network geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza R Panna
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
| | - I-Fan Hu
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mattias Kruskopf
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dean G Jarrett
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
| | - Chieh-I Liu
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Shamith U Payagala
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
| | - Dipanjan Saha
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
| | - Albert F Rigosi
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
| | - David B Newell
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
| | - Chi-Te Liang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Randolph E Elmquist
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8171, USA
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