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Nava Murillo V, Rajput D, Manríquez J, Bustos E, Perez Bueno JDJ, Singh D, Dubey H, Frontana Vazquez CE, Godavarthi S, Zarhri Z, Olivito F, Sharma A, Jagdale P, Arriaga LG, Kubiak CP, Reguera E, Diaz-Real JA, Oza G. Modulating temperature for Cu 2ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) synthesis via hot injection method and studying the photocatalytic efficiencies for the degradation of rhodamine 6G and methylene blue pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119371. [PMID: 38876420 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) was synthesized following hot injection method and the process was optimized by varying temperature conditions. Four samples at different temperatures viz., 200, 250, 300 and 350 °C were prepared and analyzed using different characterization techniques. Based on the correlation between XRD, Raman and XPS, we conclude that the formation of ZnS and SnS2 occurs at 350 °C but at 200 °C there is no breakdown of the complex as per XRD. According to Raman and XPS analysis, as the temperature rises, the bonds between the metals become weaker, which is visibly seen in Raman and XPS due to the minor peaks of copper sulfide. Scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed nanometric particles which increase in size with temperature. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that CZTS synthesized at 200 °C performed efficiently in the removal of the two colorants, methylene blue and Rhodamine 6G, achieving 92.80% and 90.65%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies decreased at higher temperatures due to bigger sized CZTS particles as confirmed by SEM results. Computational simulations confirm that CZTS has a highly negative energy -25,764 Ry, confirming its structural stability and higher covalent than ionic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nava Murillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - Darshana Rajput
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - J Manríquez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - Jose de Jesus Perez Bueno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - Divya Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harish Dubey
- Department of Physics, Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Thane Dist., Kalyan, MS, India
| | | | - S Godavarthi
- Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacan, 86690, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Zakaryaa Zarhri
- CONACYT-Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The Autonomous University of the State of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Universita della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | | | - L G Arriaga
- National Laboratory for Micro and Nanofluidics (LABMyN), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Edilso Reguera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada - Unidad Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Legaria 694, M. Hidalgo, 11500, México City, Mexico
| | - J A Diaz-Real
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico.
| | - Goldie Oza
- National Laboratory for Micro and Nanofluidics (LABMyN), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Queretaro, 76703, Mexico.
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Nautiyal H, Lohani K, Mukherjee B, Isotta E, Malagutti MA, Ataollahi N, Pallecchi I, Putti M, Misture ST, Rebuffi L, Scardi P. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Sustainable Ternary and Quaternary Nanostructured Cu 2SnS 3, Cu 2ZnSnS 4, and Cu 2ZnSnSe 4 Chalcogenides for Thermoelectric Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020366. [PMID: 36678122 PMCID: PMC9866987 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based chalcogenides have emerged as promising thermoelectric materials due to their high thermoelectric performance, tunable transport properties, earth abundance and low toxicity. We have presented an overview of experimental results and first-principal calculations investigating the thermoelectric properties of various polymorphs of Cu2SnS3 (CTS), Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) synthesized by high-energy reactive mechanical alloying (ball milling). Of particular interest are the disordered polymorphs of these materials, which exhibit phonon-glass-electron-crystal behavior-a decoupling of electron and phonon transport properties. The interplay of cationic disorder and nanostructuring leads to ultra-low thermal conductivities while enhancing electronic transport. These beneficial transport properties are the consequence of a plethora of features, including trap states, anharmonicity, rattling, and conductive surface states, both topologically trivial and non-trivial. Based on experimental results and computational methods, this report aims to elucidate the details of the electronic and lattice transport properties, thereby confirming that the higher thermoelectric (TE) performance of disordered polymorphs is essentially due to their complex crystallographic structures. In addition, we have presented synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) measurements and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of the root-mean-square displacement (RMSD) in these materials, confirming anharmonicity and bond inhomogeneity for disordered polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Nautiyal
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ketan Lohani
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Binayak Mukherjee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Eleonora Isotta
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marcelo Augusto Malagutti
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Narges Ataollahi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pallecchi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute (CNR-SPIN), Department of Physics, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Putti
- Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Scott T. Misture
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802, USA
| | - Luca Rebuffi
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Paolo Scardi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Ahmoum H, Sukor Su'ait M, Ataollahi N, Ubaidah Syafiq Mustaffa M, Boughrara M, Chelvanathan P, Sopian K, Li G, Kerouad M, Scardi P, Wang Q. Suppressing the secondary phases via N2 preheating of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films with the addition of oleylamine and/or 1-Dodecanethiol solvents. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mukherjee B, Isotta E, Fanciulli C, Ataollahi N, Scardi P. Topological Anderson Insulator in Cation-Disordered Cu 2ZnSnS 4. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102595. [PMID: 34685036 PMCID: PMC8540407 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present the first candidate for the realization of a disorder-induced Topological Anderson Insulator in a real material system. High-energy reactive mechanical alloying produces a polymorph of Cu2ZnSnS4 with high cation disorder. Density functional theory calculations show an inverted ordering of bands at the Brillouin zone center for this polymorph, which is in contrast to its ordered phase. Adiabatic continuity arguments establish that this disordered Cu2ZnSnS4 can be connected to the closely related Cu2ZnSnSe4, which was previously predicted to be a 3D topological insulator, while band structure calculations with a slab geometry reveal the presence of robust surface states. This evidence makes a strong case in favor of a novel topological phase. As such, the study opens up a window to understanding and potentially exploiting topological behavior in a rich class of easily-synthesized multinary, disordered compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binayak Mukherjee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.I.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Eleonora Isotta
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Carlo Fanciulli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (CNR-ICMATE), Lecco Unit, Via Previati 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Narges Ataollahi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Paolo Scardi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.I.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (P.S.)
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Zaki MY, Sava F, Buruiana AT, Simandan ID, Becherescu N, Galca AC, Mihai C, Velea A. Synthesis and Characterization of Cu 2ZnSnS 4 Thin Films Obtained by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2403. [PMID: 34578719 PMCID: PMC8469332 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a complex quaternary material, and obtaining a single-phase CZTS with no secondary phases is known to be challenging and dependent on the production technique. This work involves the synthesis and characterization of CZTS absorber layers for solar cells. Thin films were deposited on Si and glass substrates by a combined magnetron sputtering (MS) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) hybrid system, followed by annealing without and with sulfur powder at 500 °C under argon (Ar) flow. Three different Cu2S, SnS2, and ZnS targets were used each time, employing a different target for PLD and the two others for MS. The effect of the different target arrangements and the role of annealing and/or sulfurization treatment were investigated. The characterization of the absorber films was performed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), X-ray reflectometry (XRR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and regular transmission spectroscopy. The film with ZnS deposited by PLD and SnS2 and Cu2S by MS was found to be the best for obtaining a single CZTS phase, with uniform surface morphology, a nearly stoichiometric composition, and an optimal band gap of 1.40 eV. These results show that a new method that combines the advantages of both MS and PLD techniques was successfully used to obtain single-phase Cu2ZnSnS4 films for solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Yassine Zaki
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Florinel Sava
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Angel-Theodor Buruiana
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomiștilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Iosif-Daniel Simandan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Aurelian-Catalin Galca
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Mihai
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Alin Velea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-Y.Z.); (F.S.); (A.-T.B.); (I.-D.S.); (A.-C.G.); (C.M.)
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Isotta E, Syafiq U, Ataollahi N, Chiappini A, Malerba C, Luong S, Trifiletti V, Fenwick O, Pugno NM, Scardi P. Thermoelectric properties of CZTS thin films: effect of Cu-Zn disorder. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13148-13158. [PMID: 34075978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu-Zn disorder is known to deeply affect kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS) due to the low temperature order-disorder phase transition, leading to a random occupation of the two cations in the shared crystallographic planes. This defect complex has been extensively studied in the thin film photovoltaic sector, with considerable efforts in developing methods to quantify disorder. In this study, a preliminary investigation of thermoelectric properties in temperature for thin film CZTS is presented. It is found that Cu-Zn disorder enhances both electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. This can positively affect the thermoelectric performance, showing a mechanism of potential interest for a broad class of quaternary chalcogenides. The order-disorder transition is clearly visible in the electronic properties. This feature is repeatable, with samples from different preparations and groups showing consistent results, qualitatively suggesting electronic measurements as possible methods to quantify disorder. Furthermore, the reversibility of the transition allows the electronic properties to be tuned via specific thermal treatments, pointing to interesting applications in tunable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Isotta
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - U Syafiq
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. and Solar Energy Research Institute, National University of Malaysia (SERI-UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Ataollahi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - A Chiappini
- IFN-CNR CSMFO Lab. and FBK Photonics Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - C Malerba
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - S Luong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - V Trifiletti
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - O Fenwick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N M Pugno
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK and Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - P Scardi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Shi X, Wang Y, Yu H, Wang G, Huang L, Pan D. Significantly Improving the Crystal Growth of a Cu 2ZnSn(S,Se) 4 Absorber Layer by Air-Annealing a Cu 2ZnSnS 4 Precursor Thin Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41590-41595. [PMID: 32814424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The crystal quality of a Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film is crucially important to a high-performance CZTSSe solar cell. After selenization, a bilayer CZTSSe thin film consisting of a large-grain top layer and a small-particle bottom layer is usually observed according to the literature. In this work, a facile air-annealing pretreatment is conducted for a Cu2ZnSnS4 precursor thin film prior to selenization, which can lead to sodium diffusion into the CZTS precursor thin film and surface oxidization of the CZTS thin film. Our experimental results revealed that the Na prediffusion and the surface oxidation of the CZTS precursor thin film can significantly promote the crystal growth of the CZTSSe thin film, which can completely remove the small-particle bottom layer and form a large-grain-spanned CZTSSe thin film. As a result, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 9.80% was achieved by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Daocheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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