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Pushpan S, Ziga-Carbarín J, Rodríguez-Barboza LI, Sanal KC, Acevedo-Dávila JL, Balonis M, Gómez-Zamorano LY. Strength and Microstructure Assessment of Partially Replaced Ordinary Portland Cement and Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement with Pozzolans and Spent Coffee Grounds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5006. [PMID: 37512280 PMCID: PMC10384487 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Supplementary cementitious materials are considered a viable and affordable way to reduce CO2 emissions from the cement industry's perspective since they can partially or nearly entirely replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study compared the impact of adding spent coffee grounds (SCGs), fly ash (FA), and volcanic ash (VA) to two types of cement: OPC and calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA). Cement samples were characterized using compressive strength measurements (up to 210 days of curing), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, and hydration temperature measurements. In all the studied systems, the presence of SCGs reduced compressive strength and delayed the hydration process. CSA composite cement containing 3.5% SCGs, 30% FA, and 30% VA showed compressive strength values of 20.4 MPa and 20.3 MPa, respectively, meeting the minimum requirement for non-structural applications. Additionally, the results indicate a formation of cementitious gel, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) in the OPC-based composite cements, and calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) as well as ettringite in the CSA-based composite cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Pushpan
- Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Javier Ziga-Carbarín
- Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Loth I Rodríguez-Barboza
- Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - K C Sanal
- Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Acevedo-Dávila
- Centro de Investigación en Geociencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Nueva Rosita 26830, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Balonis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 410 Westwood Plaza, 2121K Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lauren Y Gómez-Zamorano
- Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
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2
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Kasbaji M, Mennani M, Grimi N, Oubenali M, Mbarki M, Zakhem HEL, Moubarik A. Adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes onto coffee grounds cellulose/sodium alginate double-network hydrogel beads: Isotherm analysis and recyclability performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124288. [PMID: 37023876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of new eco-friendly adsorbents with a simple method. Gel beads of coffee grounds cellulose (CGC) and sodium alginate (SA) were prepared for wastewater treatment. Upon their synthesis, the physicochemical properties, performances and efficiency were analyzed by means of various structural and morphological characterizations. Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption approaches evaluated the removal capacity of these beads which reached equilibrium in 20 min for Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR). Also, the kinetics shows that the results can be explained by the pseudo-second-order model (PSO). Furthermore, the isotherm assessments showed that Langmuir-Freundlich can fit the adsorption data of both contaminants. Accordingly, the maximum adsorption capacities reached by the Langmuir-Freundlich model are 400.50 and 411.45 mg/g for MB and CR, respectively. It is interesting to note that the bio-adsorption capabilities of MB and CR on bead hydrogels decreased with temperature. Besides, the results of the thermodynamic study evidenced that the bio-adsorption processes are favorable, spontaneous and exothermic. The CGC/SA gel beads are therefore outstanding bio-adsorbents, offering a great adsorptive performance and regenerative abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Kasbaji
- Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 592, Beni-Mellal, Morocco; Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco; Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Mennani
- Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 592, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Nabil Grimi
- Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiegne, Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter Laboratory (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Royally Research Centre, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiegne Cedex, France
| | - Mustapha Oubenali
- Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Mbarki
- Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Henri E L Zakhem
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Balamand, POBox 33, Amioun EL KOURA, Lebanon
| | - Amine Moubarik
- Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 592, Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
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3
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Gebreeyessus GD. Towards the sustainable and circular bioeconomy: Insights on spent coffee grounds valorization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155113. [PMID: 35427619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discovered in Ethiopia, coffee became a popular beverage in Asia, Europe, Latin America, Australia, Africa and the North America as a drink after water and the largest goods after petroleum. However, the coffee industry generates a huge biomass as its byproducts of which the spent coffee grounds (SCG) is concerning, especially in the production chain away from the farm. Therefore, the valorization and revalorization of the SCG has a huge impact on the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of the industry, up to the realization of the circular bioeconomy. With the advancing biorefinery concept, even an almost complete recovery of the SCG is reported at an experimental level. Such kind of studies increased with time following the action of the Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations Development Program promulgated in 2015. The current review highlights on the background, socioeconomic, environmental contexts of coffee production and the SCG valorization and revalorization studies. Refereeing to 154 screened articles published in over 30 years' time, the SCG revalorization efforts and its integrated biorefinery as a green management approach are uniquely addressed. Plenty of studies have reported the production of bio-products from the SCG, such as the derivation of adsorbents, biochar, bioethanol, biogas, biodiesel, bio-oil, compost, construction material aggregates, cosmetics, electricity and food ingredients. In conclusion, the recovery potential of the SCG is promising and can substantially contribute to a sustainable and green bioeconomy. Nevertheless, the recovery of bioactive materials through SCG fermentation is still lacking. Most studies are conducted on a lab scale, which needs to be piloted and commissioned. Furthermore, the link between climate change and variability vis-à-vis the sustainable management of the SCG remains unaddressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Dagnew Gebreeyessus
- Department of Urban Environmental Management, Kotebe University of Education, P.O. Box 31248, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management at Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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4
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Pyrolysis Process for the Recycling of Cork Dust Waste from the Processing of Cork Agglomerate Caps in Lightweight Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of recycling cork scraps derived from the production of agglomerated bottle caps containing organic additives (glues and adhesives) in addition to virgin wood. The study involved pyrolysis treatment followed by the use of char to obtain lightweight material prototypes. The scrap was pyrolysed in order to achieve the thermal degradation of unwanted molecules with decomposition temperatures lower than the pyrolysis temperatures, but also to achieve the reduction in mass and size of the starting material. The substitution of 15% by weight of weight-lightening agent (char from pyrolysed cork, or half char and half spent coffee grounds) into the clayey matrix made it possible to obtain lightweight aggregates with pH and conductivity values that could be exploited in an agronomic context. The substitution of clay with of 5 to 15% by weight of pyrolysed cork char in the production of specimens pressed at 25 bar and fired slowly at 1000 °C led to lightweight ceramics with particularly interesting porosity (from 41 to 68%) and bulk density (850–1600 kg/m3) values.
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Suitability of Porous Inorganic Materials from Industrial Residues and Bioproducts for Use in Horticulture: A Multidisciplinary Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study follows a circular economy approach through the preliminary implementation of a coated porous inorganic material (PIM), studied as sustainable controlled release fertilizer, and its application for lettuce Lactuca sativa L. cultivar Chiara growth. The PIM was made of pumice scraps that partially replaced clay as a natural raw material, spent coffee grounds as a porous agent, bovine bone ash and potassium carbonate to provide phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients, respectively. A coating made with defatted black soldier fly prepupae biomass was used as a nitrogen (N) source. Most of the ingredients used were industrial residues, with the aim of valorizing the raw waste materials present locally. The suitability of PIMs as a fertilizer was investigated with an interdisciplinary approach, which included the first chemical and physical characterization of the material, the evaluation of its antibacterial properties and of its use in horticulture through lettuce growth tests. As tests were carried out indoors, a specific LED lighting device was used to grow the lettuce. The release of nutrients into the soil was estimated by measuring the main elements in the fertilizers before and after their use in the soil. The first results from this characterization study support PIMs’ suitability for agronomic applications. The use of the PIMs suggested average higher dry weight (49%), fresh weight (112%), and leaf area (48%), compared to those with the use of a standard fertilizer soil, without the release of any dangerous element for the plant in the soil. These results are a promising beginning for the development of further studies already in progress on sustainable controlled-release fertilizers.
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6
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Farag MA, Zayed A, Sallam IE, Abdelwareth A, Wessjohann LA. Metabolomics-Based Approach for Coffee Beverage Improvement in the Context of Processing, Brewing Methods, and Quality Attributes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060864. [PMID: 35327289 PMCID: PMC8948666 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a worldwide beverage of increasing consumption, owing to its unique flavor and several health benefits. Metabolites of coffee are numerous and could be classified on various bases, of which some are endogenous to coffee seeds, i.e., alkaloids, diterpenes, sugars, and amino acids, while others are generated during coffee processing, for example during roasting and brewing, such as furans, pyrazines, and melanoidins. As a beverage, it provides various distinct flavors, i.e., sourness, bitterness, and an astringent taste attributed to the presence of carboxylic acids, alkaloids, and chlorogenic acids. To resolve such a complex chemical makeup and to relate chemical composition to coffee effects, large-scale metabolomics technologies are being increasingly reported in the literature for proof of coffee quality and efficacy. This review summarizes the applications of various mass spectrometry (MS)- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics technologies in determining the impact of coffee breeding, origin, roasting, and brewing on coffee chemical composition, and considers this in relation to quality control (QC) determination, for example, by classifying defected and non-defected seeds or detecting the adulteration of raw materials. Resolving the coffee metabolome can aid future attempts to yield coffee seeds of desirable traits and best flavor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ibrahim E. Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abdelwareth
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (L.A.W.)
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Bio-Wastes as Aggregates for Eco-Efficient Boards and Panels: Screening Tests of Physical Properties and Bio-Susceptibility. INFRASTRUCTURES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures7030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Screening tests were developed or adapted from RILEM recommendations, standards and past studies, and carried out to characterize some agro-industrial wastes and to assess their feasibility as aggregates for eco-efficient building composites. Spent coffee grounds, grape and olive press waste and hazelnut shells were used, as well as maritime pine chips as control material. Particle size distribution, loose bulk density, thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity properties were analysed. The selected bio-wastes did not show good thermal insulation properties if compared with some bio-wastes already studied and used for thermal insulation composites. Values of loose bulk density and thermal conductivity were between 325.6–550.5 kg/m3 and 0.078–0.107 W/(m·K); moisture buffering values higher than 2.0 g/(m2·%RH). Biological susceptibility to mould and termites were also tested, using not yet standardized methods. The low resistance to biological attack confirms one of the greatest drawbacks of using bio-wastes for building products. However, final products properties may be changed by adding other materials, pre-treatments of the wastes and the production process.
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8
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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of lightweight Aggregates Made from Waste—Applying the Circular Economy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of Life Cycle Assessment in the construction sector can be a very useful tool to reduce the environmental impact generated by the sector. In order to quantify the improvement in environmental terms with the use of artificial lightweight aggregates (LWA) manufactured with waste, in this work, we conducted a comparative evaluation of the life cycle of LWAs for a total of five different scenarios: LWAs obtained in a traditional way, i.e., using exclusively clay in their manufacture (Spanish blond clay, Portuguese red clay and Portuguese blond clay), and LWAs manufactured with four different wastes, with a partial substitution of 2.5% for each of the clays per waste (almond and hazelnut shells, sludge from the purification of paper money, cork dust and coffee grounds). The functional unit was set as the production of 1 kilo of lightweight aggregates and the CML 2000 methodology and the SimaPro software were used. The results obtained in this research allow us to conclude that the addition of organic wastes showed a slightly higher environmental performance than the conventional system, the ALAs manufactured with almond and hazelnut shells being the most environmentally friendly option, with reductions of more than 30% in some cases, followed by the LWAs manufactured with coffee grounds. On the other hand, the addition of paper sewage sludge and cork dust represents minimal environmental optimization.
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9
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Circular economy and secondary raw materials from fruits as sustainable source for recovery and reuse. A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Le Ferrand H. Bioinspired Self-Shaping Clay Composites for Sustainable Development. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:13. [PMID: 35076468 PMCID: PMC8788514 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired self-shaping is an approach used to transform flat materials into unusual three-dimensional (3D) shapes by tailoring the internal architecture of the flat material. Bioinspiration and bioinspired materials have a high potential for fostering sustainable development, yet are often fashioned out of expensive and synthetic materials. In this work, we use bioinspiration to endow clay with self-shaping properties upon drying. The composites created are based on clay and starch, and the internal architecture is built using celery fibers. The viscosity, shrinkage, and bending of the architected composite monolayers are studied for several compositions by measuring penetration depth and using optical characterization methods. Bilayer structures inspired from plants are then processed using a simple hand layup process to achieve bending, twisting, and combinations of those after drying. By layering a mixture of 32 vol% clay, 25.8 vol% starch, and 42.2 vol% water with 40 wt% embedded aligned celery fibers, it is possible to obtain the desired shape change. The work presented here aims at providing a simple method for teaching the concept of bioinspiration, and for creating new materials using only clay and plant-based ingredients. Rejuvenating clay with endowed self-shaping properties could further expand its use. Furthermore, the materials, methods, and principles presented here are affordable, simple, largely applicable, and could be used for sustainable development in the domain of education as well as materials and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- Queen Mary Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Hortense Le Ferrand
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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A New System of Sustainable Silico-Aluminous and Silicate Materials for Cultivation Purpose within Sustainable Buildings: Chemical-Physical, Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the chemical-physical, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity properties of silico-aluminous and silicate materials for outdoor (green roof, planted walls) and indoor (urban farms, indoor microgreen gardens) cultivation purpose in a context of sustainable construction. Glasses and lightweight aggregates were tailored starting from waste, by-product, and post-consumer and bioproducts (packaging glass cullet, cattle bone flour ash, vegetable biomass ash, spent coffee ground, degreased from biomass of prepupae of Black Soldier Flies) mixed together with a national ferruginous red clay, quarry scrap pumice and, if necessary, with K2CO3 of reagent grade. The first type of material was obtained by melting at 1200 °C and the second one by powder sintering at 1000 °C. All specimens, subjected to antibacterial test, showed both low zone of inhibitions towards two Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. A cytotoxicity test on mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell line directly exposed to the investigated materials was performed at three different exposure times (1 h, 3 h, and 6 h). Data acquired highlighted that the materials positively affected redox mitochondrial activity of the fibroblast cells. The concentrations of leachate heavy metals detected on selected materials in water at room temperature after 24 h were lower than the European law limit and an interesting release of P, K, and N nutrients was noted for those formulations designed for agronomic purposes. pH, falling on average within the 6.5–7.5 range, is optimal for most crops, and the specific conductivity <2 dS/m indicates no depression danger for crops. Both bulk density <1200 kg/m3 and porosity over 50% seem to ensure good performance of lightening, drainage, water reservation, and oxygenation of the roots.
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12
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Scientometric Overview of Coffee By-Products and Their Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247605. [PMID: 34946683 PMCID: PMC8707742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As coffee consumption is on the rise, and the global coffee production creates an excess of 23 million tons of waste per year, a revolutionary transition towards a circular economy via the transformation and valorization of the main by-products from its cultivation and preparation (Coffee Husk (CH), Coffee Pulp (CP), Coffee Silverskin (CS), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)) is inspiring researchers around the world. The recent growth of scholarly publications in the field and the emerging applications of coffee by-products published in these scientific papers encourages a systematic review to identify the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and to discuss the challenges and future directions. This paper displays a comprehensive scientometric analysis based on 108 articles with a high level of influence in the field of coffee by-products and their applications. According to our analysis, the research in this field shows an explosive growth since 2017, clustered in five core applications: bioactive compounds, microbial transformation, environmental applications, biofuels from thermochemical processes, and construction materials.
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Abdelwareth A, Zayed A, Farag MA. Chemometrics-based aroma profiling for revealing origin, roasting indices, and brewing method in coffee seeds and its commercial blends in the Middle East. Food Chem 2021; 349:129162. [PMID: 33550017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide. The present study reports on the aroma composition associated with coffee seeds brewing. Aroma of authentic coffee specimens of Coffea arabica and C. robusta alongside with typical products consumed in the Middle East were analyzed using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS. In addition, multivariate data analysis (MVA) was employed. Results revealed for 102 volatiles with a distinct aroma profile between the different brewing methods. Infusion demonstrated higher esters level, while decoction and maceration were more abundant in sesquiterpenes and terpene alcohols, respectively. Besides, heat-induced products, i.e., 4-vinyl guaiacol was identified as potential roasting index in instant coffee and roasted C. robusta brews. Blending with cardamom further masked the smoky odor of such compounds by its fragrant terpinyl acetate. This study provides the first report on the chemical sensory attributes of Middle Eastern coffee blends and further reveal for the impact of brewing, roasting on its aroma composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abdelwareth
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street, 31527 Tanta, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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14
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Comparison of Three Manufacturing Techniques for Sustainable Porous Clay Ceramics. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010167. [PMID: 33396474 PMCID: PMC7796126 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes different manufacturing techniques (manual pelletization, powder pressing, and “shell scaffold”) to obtain lightweight clay ceramics containing recovery raw materials. The sintering in an electrical furnace (1000 °C, 1 h processing time) was conducted by traditional firing from room temperature, for pressed and shell-scaffold samples, while the flash heating (i.e., samples directly put at 1000 °C) was used only for the pellets. The porous materials (porosity 40–80%), functionalized with nutrients (K and P) in amounts to confer the fertilizer capability, gave suitable results in terms of pH (6.7–8.15) and electrical conductivity (0.29–1.33 mS/cm). Thus, such materials can be considered as feasible lightweight clay ceramics, with a positive effect on the soil. These findings permit us to hypothesize a potential use in green roofs or in agronomic applications.
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15
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Barbi S, Barbieri F, Andreola F, Lancellotti I, Barbieri L, Montorsi M. Preliminary Study on Sustainable NPK Slow-Release Fertilizers Based on Byproducts and Leftovers: A Design-of-Experiment Approach. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27154-27163. [PMID: 33134675 PMCID: PMC7594001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an organic nitrogen-based coating was developed based on black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae reared on poultry dejections and deposited on ceramic lightweight aggregates (LWAs), containing phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) from agroresidues, leading to a complete nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer. To obtain a resistant coating with good adhesion to LWAs, different plasticizing agents were tested (e.g., glycerol, cellulose, and polyethylene glycol). The coating formulation was optimized through a design-of-experiment (DoE) approach to correlate the effect of each mixture component on the coating's performance. BSF biomass was characterized through chemical and thermal routes, as well as the final coated LWAs, confirming their general agreement to fertilizer's requirements. Release tests in static conditions highlighted the barrier action of the coating, preventing uncontrolled release of potassium and phosphorus contained in the LWAs as well as the release of nitrogen after 21 days (near to 20%). Germination and growth tests indicated a valuable increase of the growth index, whereas the germination process is limited by the coating barrier effect. This work proposes a new product in the field of slow-release fertilizers designed by rational methodologies and innovative materials based on waste valorization, fully in agreement with a circular economy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbi
- Department
of Science and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbieri
- Interdepartmental
center for applied research and services in advanced mechanics and
motoring, INTERMECH-Mo.Re., University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fernanda Andreola
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Lancellotti
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Barbieri
- Interdepartmental
center for applied research and services in advanced mechanics and
motoring, INTERMECH-Mo.Re., University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Montorsi
- Department
of Science and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental
center for industrial research and technology transfer in the field
of integrated technologies for sustainable research, efficient energy
conversion, energy efficiency of buildings, lighting and home automation,
EN&TECH, University of Modena and Reggio
Emilia, Piazzale Europa
1, 42122 Reggio
Emilia, Italy
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Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds, Biochar and other residues to Produce Lightweight Clay Ceramic Aggregates Suitable for Nursery Grapevine Production. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of agro-industrial by-products is one of the key strategies to improve agricultural sustainability. In the present study, spent coffee grounds and biochar were used as pore forming agents in the realization of lightweight clay ceramic aggregates that were used as sustainable fertilizers, in addition to tailored glass fertilizer containing phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) synthetic fertilizer, for nursery grapevine production. The obtained fertilizers were assessed in a pot experiment for the fertilization of bare-rooted vines. Unfertilized (T0) and fertilized plants (T1, using NPK-containing commercial fertilizer) were used as controls. Plants fertilized by spent coffee grounds and spent coffee grounds + biochar-containing lightweight aggregates and added with 30 wt% of the above-mentioned glass and N fertilizers (T2 and T3, respectively) recorded higher values of plant height, shoot diameter, leaf and node numbers. Moreover, T2 treatment induced the highest chlorophyll content, shoot and root dry weights. The present study shows that lightweight clay ceramic aggregates containing spent coffee grounds and glass and N fertilizers can be used for nursery grapevine production, in turn improving the agricultural sustainability.
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