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Giroto AS, Valle SF, Borges R, Colnago LA, Ribeiro TS, Jablonowski ND, Ribeiro C, Mattoso LHC. Revealing the Structure Formation on Polyglycerol Citrate Polymers-An Environmentally Friendly Polyester as a Seed-Coating Material. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4303. [PMID: 37959983 PMCID: PMC10647340 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed structural investigation of a promising bio-based polymer, polyglycerol citrate polyester, obtained by the bulk polycondensation of glycerol (Gly) against citric acid (Cit) under mild reaction was performed. The reaction in conditions with and without catalyst use (sulfuric acid, H2SO4) was investigated, showing evidence that it is possible to modify the polymer solubility according to the ratio and catalyst utilization. 13C and 1H NMR indicated that synthesis catalyzed with Cit excess leads to higher esterification degrees of citrate groups. In contrast, the Gly moieties are more prominent in catalyzed polymers regardless of the excess monomers. Overall, a successful conversion of Gly and Cit into polyesters was attained even without catalysis, enabling a simple route for the large-scale production of this green material to be used as a coating material. This polymer has been shown to be well-suited for coating seeds and might be a promising material for similar agricultural applications. Tests on soybean seed coating with a PGCit solution of 75% indicated that the seed quality and germination rate were not affected by the PGCit coating, concluding that this polymer is suitable for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Giroto
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (S.F.V.); (L.A.C.); (L.H.C.M.)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stella F. Valle
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (S.F.V.); (L.A.C.); (L.H.C.M.)
| | - Roger Borges
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (S.F.V.); (L.A.C.); (L.H.C.M.)
| | - Luiz A. Colnago
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (S.F.V.); (L.A.C.); (L.H.C.M.)
| | - Tatiana S. Ribeiro
- Department of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Anhanguera, km 174, Araras 13604-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Nicolai D. Jablonowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Caue Ribeiro
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (S.F.V.); (L.A.C.); (L.H.C.M.)
| | - Luiz H. C. Mattoso
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (S.F.V.); (L.A.C.); (L.H.C.M.)
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Raota CS, Crespo JDS, Baldasso C, Giovanela M. Development of a Green Polymeric Membrane for Sodium Diclofenac Removal from Aqueous Solutions. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:662. [PMID: 37505027 PMCID: PMC10383731 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble polymers provide an alternative to organic solvent requirements in membrane manufacture, aiming at accomplishing the Green Chemistry principles. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biodegradable and non-toxic polymer renowned for its solubility in water. However, PVA is little explored in membrane processes due to its hydrophilicity, which reduces its stability and performance. Crosslinking procedures through an esterification reaction with carboxylic acids can address this concern. For this, experimental design methodology and statistical analysis were employed to achieve the optimal crosslinking conditions of PVA with citric acid as a crosslinker, aiming at the best permeate production and sodium diclofenac (DCF) removal from water. The membranes were produced following an experimental design and characterized using multiple techniques to understand the effect of crosslinking on the membrane performance. Characterization and filtration results demonstrated that crosslinking regulates the membranes' properties, and the optimized conditions (crosslinking at 110 °C for 110 min) produced a membrane able to remove 44% DCF from water with a permeate production of 2.2 L m-2 h-1 at 3 bar, comparable to commercial loose nanofiltration membranes. This study contributes to a more profound knowledge of green membranes to make water treatment a sustainable practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Suliani Raota
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Franscisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Janaina da Silva Crespo
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Franscisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Camila Baldasso
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Franscisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giovanela
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Franscisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
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Barton F, Shaw S, Morris K, Graham J, Lloyd JR. Impact and control of fouling in radioactive environments. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lemanowicz M, Mielańczyk A, Walica T, Kotek M, Gierczycki A. Application of Polymers as a Tool in Crystallization-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162695. [PMID: 34451235 PMCID: PMC8401169 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of polymers as a tool in the crystallization process is gaining more and more interest among the scientific community. According to Web of Science statistics the number of papers dealing with “Polymer induced crystallization” increased from 2 in 1990 to 436 in 2020, and for “Polymer controlled crystallization”—from 4 in 1990 to 344 in 2020. This is clear evidence that both topics are vivid, attractive and intensively investigated nowadays. Efficient control of crystallization and crystal properties still represents a bottleneck in the manufacturing of crystalline materials ranging from pigments, antiscalants, nanoporous materials and pharmaceuticals to semiconductor particles. However, a rapid development in precise and reliable measuring methods and techniques would enable one to better describe phenomena involved, to formulate theoretical models, and probably most importantly, to develop practical indications for how to appropriately lead many important processes in the industry. It is clearly visible at the first glance through a number of representative papers in the area, that many of them are preoccupied with the testing and production of pharmaceuticals, while the rest are addressed to new crystalline materials, renewable energy, water and wastewater technology and other branches of industry where the crystallization process takes place. In this work, authors gathered and briefly discuss over 100 papers, published in leading scientific periodicals, devoted to the influence of polymers on crystallizing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lemanowicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.W.); (M.K.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.M.); Tel.: +48-32-237-28-32 (M.L.); +48-32-237-15-73 (A.M.); Fax: +48-32-237-14-61 (M.L.); +48-32-237-15-09 (A.M.)
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.M.); Tel.: +48-32-237-28-32 (M.L.); +48-32-237-15-73 (A.M.); Fax: +48-32-237-14-61 (M.L.); +48-32-237-15-09 (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Walica
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.W.); (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Milena Kotek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.W.); (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Gierczycki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.W.); (M.K.); (A.G.)
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