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Maniah K. Anticandidal effectiveness of greenly synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against candidal pathogens. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2024; 58:1097-1110. [PMID: 38351615 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2024.2315922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance of pathogenic candidal strains to conventional antifungal agents represents a significant health issue contributing to high morbidity worldwide. Hence, the aim of the current study focused on evaluating the antifungal and synergistic activities of the green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles formulated using Laurus nobilis leaf extract. The biogenic ZnONPs were hexagonal in shape with average particle size diameter of 37.98 nm and pure crystalline structure as detected by XRD data. The highest antifungal activity of biogenic ZnONPs was detected against Candida parapsilosis strain demonstrating relative inhibitory zone diameters of 17.13 ± 0.74 and 25.78 ± 0.47 mm, at the concentrations of 100 and 200 µg/disk, respectively. Moreover, the biogenic ZnONPs demonstrated the highest synergistic activity with clotrimazole antifungal agent against Candida glabrata followed by Candida auris strains. MTT assay revealed that the biogenic ZnONPs showed low toxicity demonstrating relative IC50 value of 774.45 µg/mL against normal lung fibroblast cells which further affirmed their biosafety for application. In conclusion, the bioinspired ZnONPs could be utilized for the formulation of effective antifungal agents against drug resistant candidal strains and also could be combined with antifungal agents to boost their antifungal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Maniah
- Department of Biology, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nikolova MP, Joshi PB, Chavali MS. Updates on Biogenic Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Therapy, Drug Delivery and Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1650. [PMID: 37376098 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ambition to combat the issues affecting the environment and human health triggers the development of biosynthesis that incorporates the production of natural compounds by living organisms via eco-friendly nano assembly. Biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have various pharmaceutical applications, such as tumoricidal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, antiviral, etc. When combined, bio-nanotechnology and drug delivery give rise to the development of various pharmaceutics with site-specific biomedical applications. In this review, we have attempted to summarize in brief the types of renewable biological systems used for the biosynthesis of metallic and metal oxide NPs and the vital contribution of biogenic NPs as pharmaceutics and drug carriers simultaneously. The biosystem used for nano assembly further affects the morphology, size, shape, and structure of the produced nanomaterial. The toxicity of the biogenic NPs, because of their pharmacokinetic behavior in vitro and in vivo, is also discussed, together with some recent achievements towards enhanced biocompatibility, bioavailability, and reduced side effects. Because of the large biodiversity, the potential biomedical application of metal NPs produced via natural extracts in biogenic nanomedicine is yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse "A. Kanchev", 8 Studentska Str., 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Payal B Joshi
- Shefali Research Laboratories, 203/454, Sai Section, Ambernath (East), Mumbai 421501, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murthy S Chavali
- Office of the Dean (Research), Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University (MIT-WPU), Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
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Faisal S, Ullah R, Alotaibi A, Zafar S, Rizwan M, Tariq MH. Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles employing biomolecules of Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain: Its characterization and their in-vitro antibacterial, anti-aging, anti-cancer and other biomedical applications. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 37245116 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to utilize the bacteria Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain 5610 to synthesize bio-genic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Biogenic AgNPs were thoroughly examined using various characterization techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-vis analysis resulting in absorption peak at 448.31 nm wavelength. The SEM analysis indicated the morphological characteristics and size of AgNPs which was 25.29 nm. The face centered cubic (FCC) crystallographic structure was confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, FTIR study affirmed the capping of AgNPs by different compounds found in biomass of the Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain 5610. Later, EDX was used to determine the elemental composition with respective concentration and distribution. Additionally, in the current study the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-cancer ability of AgNPs was assessed. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was tested against four distinct sinusitis pathogens: Haemophilus in-fluenza, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumonia. AgNPs shows significant inhibition zone against Streptococcus pyogenes 16.64 ± 0.35 followed by 14.32 ± 071 for Moraxella catarrhalis. Similarly, the antioxidant potential was found maximum (68.37 ± 0.55%) at 400 μg/mL and decrease (5.48 ± 0.65%) at 25 μg/mL, hence the significant antioxidant ability was observed. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity of AgNPs shows the strongest inhibitory action (42.68 ± 0.62%) for 15-LOX with lowest inhibition activity for COX-2 (13.16 ± 0.46%). AgNPs have been shown to exhibit significant inhibitory actions against the enzyme elastases AGEs (66.25 ± 0.49%), which are followed by AGEs of visperlysine (63.27 ± 0.69%). Furthermore, the AgNPs show high toxicity against HepG2 cell line which shows 53.543% reduction in the cell viability after 24 h of treatment. The anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect of the bio-inspired AgNPs. Overall, the biogenic AgNPs have the ability to be served for the treatments of anti-aging and also due to their anti-cancer, antioxidant abilities NPs may be a useful therapy choice for a variety of disorders including cancer, bacterial infections and other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, further studies are required in the future to evaluate their in vivo biomedical applications. HIGHLIGHTS: Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs using Paraclostridium benzoelyticum Strain for the first time. FTIR analysis confirmed capping of potent biomolecules which are of great use in applied field especially Nanomedicines. Notable antimicrobial activity against sinusitis bacteria and cytotoxic potential of synthesized AgNPs on in vitro basis produce a new idea shifting us to treat cancerous cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Faisal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sania Zafar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat, Pakistan
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Chauhan PS, Yadav D, Jin JO. The Therapeutic Potential of Algal Nanoparticles: A Brief Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2443-2451. [PMID: 34477514 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210903143832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has received tremendous attention as a simple approach. The green pathway of biogenic synthesis of metallic NPs through microbes may provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly protocol. Green technology is the most innovative technology for various biological activities and lacks toxic effects. Reports have shown the algae-mediated synthesis of metal NPs. Algae are widely used for biosynthesis as they grow fast; they produce biomass on average ten times that of plants and are easily utilized experimentally. In the future, the production of metal NPs by different microalgae and their biological activity can be explored in diverse areas such as catalysis, medical diagnosis, and anti-biofilm applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jun O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Is Stronger If the Production Host and the Targeted Pathogen Are Closely Related. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030628. [PMID: 35327429 PMCID: PMC8945545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is one of the key challenges that lead to the search for alternate antimicrobial treatment approaches. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their antimicrobial effects against a wide variety of drug-resistant microorganisms. AgNPs can be synthesized using microbial hosts, using a green and economical synthesis route, which produces extremely stable and highly active nanoparticles. Such green AgNPs are coated with a biological coating often referred to as a corona, originating from the production microorganism. In this study, we asked whether the composition of the biological corona might influence the antimicrobial activity of green AgNPs. To investigate this, we produced AgNPs in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Escherichia coli K12 MG1655, and tested them against pathogen species from the corresponding genera. AgNPs exhibited a size range of 15–40 nm for P. putida and 30–70 nm for E. coli, and both types of nanoparticles were surrounded by a thick biological corona layer, providing extreme stability. The nanoparticles remained stable over long periods and exhibited negative zeta potential values. P-AgNPs (obtained from P. putida) were tested against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and E-AgNPs (obtained from E. coli) were tested against pathogenic Escherichia coli UTI 89. Antimicrobial studies were conducted by Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), live/dead staining and SEM analysis. MBC of P-AgNPs against P. aeruginosa was 1 μg/mL, and MBC of E-AgNPs against E. coli UTI 89 was 8 μg/mL. In both cases, the MBC values were superior to those of green AgNPs produced in organisms unrelated to the target pathogens, available in the literature. Our results suggest that NPs produced in microorganisms closely related to the target pathogen may be more effective, indicating that the composition of the biological corona may play a crucial role in the antimicrobial mechanism of AgNPs.
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Exploiting Rhizobium for Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticle Synthesis: Heterologous Expression of an Escherichia coli DH10B Enzyme, YbdK [EC: 6.3.2.2] in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli DH10B has 1.1 kb ybdK gene which is responsible for encoding YbdK enzyme that possess a Gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase activity. ybdK gene was ligated downstream of a constitutive derepressed lac promoter of a low copy number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2, giving rise to a recombinant plasmid pPAT. Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 transformed with pPAT showed an augmented production of glutathione which in turn increased the production of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles to some extent. Also, a heterologous expression of YbdK in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 improved the oxidation status of bacterial cells which is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy images and fluorometry. Genetically modified (GM) cells stained by DCFDA showed a significant decrease in fluorescence compared to wild type (WT) cells. Physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles produced by the pPAT transformed Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 differed significantly compared to wild type (WT) Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234. Comparative analysis of the nanoparticles by FTIR and SEM analysis revealed the functional groups attached to nanoparticles and average nanoparticle size respectively. Nanoparticles synthesized by genetically modified (GM) bacteria were about 3 times smaller in size compared to those produced by wild type (WT) rhizobium. FTIR analysis revealed an augmented presence of peptide with the nanoparticles produced by GM bacteria compared to those produced by the WT bacteria. XRD data revealed that biosynthesized CdS nanoparticles are face centered crystalline particles which was confirmed by comparing the peaks to standard JCPDS data (JCPDS card no. 10-454).
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Gacem MA, Abd-Elsalam KA. Strategies for scaling up of green-synthesized nanomaterials: Challenges and future trends. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOMATERIALS 2022:669-698. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824508-8.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Microbial-enabled green biosynthesis of nanomaterials: Current status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 55:107914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Koul B, Poonia AK, Yadav D, Jin JO. Microbe-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles: Applications and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:886. [PMID: 34203733 PMCID: PMC8246319 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science of nano-sized particles/structures (~100 nm) having a high surface-to-volume ratio that can modulate the physical, chemical and biological properties of the chemical compositions. In last few decades, nanoscience has attracted the attention of the scientific community worldwide due to its potential uses in the pharmacy, medical diagnostics and disease treatment, energy, electronics, agriculture, chemical and space industries. The properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are size and shape dependent. These characteristic features of nanoparticles can be explored for various other applications such as computer transistors, chemical sensors, electrometers, memory schemes, reusable catalysts, biosensing, antimicrobial activity, nanocomposites, medical imaging, tumor detection and drug delivery. Therefore, synthesizing nanoparticles of desired size, structure, monodispersity and morphology is crucial for the aforementioned applications. Recent advancements in nanotechnology aim at the synthesis of nanoparticles/materials using reliable, innoxious and novel ecofriendly techniques. In contrast to the traditional methods, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles of a desired nature and structure using the microbial machinery is not only quicker and safer but more environmentally friendly. Various microbes, including bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, yeast, microalgae and viruses, have recently been explored for the synthesis of metal, metal oxide and other important NPs through intracellular and extracellular processes. Some bacteria and microalgae possess specific potential to fabricate distinctive nanomaterials such as exopolysaccharides, nanocellulose, nanoplates and nanowires. Moreover, their ability to synthesize nanoparticles can be enhanced using genetic engineering approaches. Thus, the use of microorganisms for synthesis of nanoparticles is unique and has a promising future. The present review provides explicit information on different strategies for the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbial cells; their applications in bioremediation, agriculture, medicine and diagnostics; and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Poonia
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology, CCSHAU, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials using microbial cells and bacteriophages. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:638-656. [PMID: 37127973 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials are widely used in chemical, electronics, photonics, energy and medical industries. Preparing a nanomaterial (NM) typically requires physical and/or chemical methods that involve harsh and environmentally hazardous conditions. Recently, wild-type and genetically engineered microorganisms have been harnessed for the biosynthesis of inorganic NMs under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. Microorganisms such as microalgae, fungi and bacteria, as well as bacteriophages, can be used as biofactories to produce single-element and multi-element inorganic NMs. This Review describes the emerging area of inorganic NM biosynthesis, emphasizing the mechanisms of inorganic-ion reduction and detoxification, while also highlighting the proteins and peptides involved. We show how analysing a Pourbaix diagram can help us devise strategies for the predictive biosynthesis of NMs with high producibility and crystallinity and also describe how to control the size and morphology of the product. Here, we survey biosynthetic inorganic NMs of 55 elements and their applications in catalysis, energy harvesting and storage, electronics, antimicrobials and biomedical therapy. Furthermore, a step-by-step flow chart is presented to aid the design and biosynthesis of inorganic NMs employing microbial cells. Future research in this area will add to the diversity of available inorganic NMs but should also address scalability and purity.
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Magnetic Nanoparticles of Fe3O4 Biosynthesized by Cnicus benedictus Extract: Photocatalytic Study of Organic Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Behavior. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the use of sustainable chemistry as an ecological alternative for the generation of products or processes that are free of a polluting substance has assumed a preponderant role. The aim of this work is to propose a bioinspired, facile, low cost, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative to obtaining magnetic nanoparticles with a majority phase of magnetite (Fe3O4). It is important to emphasize that the synthesis was based on the chemical reduction through the Cnicus benedictus extract, whose use as reducing agent has not been reported in the synthesis of iron oxides nanoparticles. In addition, the Cnicus benedictus is an abundant endemic plant in Mexico with several medicinal properties and a large number of natural antioxidants. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited significant magnetic and antibacterial properties and an enhanced photocatalytic activity. The crystallite size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NP’s) was calculated by the Williamson-Hall method. The photocatalytic properties of the Fe3O4 NP’s were studied by kinetics absorptions models in the Congo red (CR) degradation. Finally, the antibacterial effects of the Fe3O4 NPs were evaluated mediated the Kirby–Bauer method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This route offers a green alternative to obtain Fe3O4 NPs with remarkable magnetic, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties.
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Krce L, Šprung M, Maravić A, Umek P, Salamon K, Krstulović N, Aviani I. Bacteria Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Water: Modelling E. coli Growth and Inactivation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E653. [PMID: 32024125 PMCID: PMC7040691 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to better understand the bactericidal mode of action of silver nanoparticles. Here we present the production and characterization of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles along with growth curves of bacteria treated at sub-minimal and minimal inhibitory concentrations, obtained by optical density measurements. The main effect of the treatment is the increase of the bacterial apparent lag time, which is very well described by the novel growth model as well as the entire growth curves for different concentrations. The main assumption of the model is that the treated bacteria uptake the nanoparticles and inactivate, which results in the decrease of both the nanoparticles and the bacteria concentrations. The lag assumes infinitive value for the minimal inhibitory concentration treatment. This apparent lag phase is not postponed bacterial growth. It is a dynamic state in which the bacterial growth and death rates are close in value. Our results strongly suggest that the predominant mode of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles is the penetration inside the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Krce
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ana Maravić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Polona Umek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Krešimir Salamon
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nikša Krstulović
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Aviani
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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