1
|
Li H, Zhao G, Zhang H. Recent Progress of Cement-Based Materials Modified by Graphene and Its Derivatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103783. [PMID: 37241410 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, with its excellent properties and unique structure, has been extensively studied in the context of modifiable cement-based materials. However, a systematic summary of the status of numerous experimental results and applications is lacking. Therefore, this paper reviews the graphene materials that improve the properties of cement-based materials, including workability, mechanical properties, and durability. The influence of graphene material properties, mass ratio, and curing time on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete is discussed. Furthermore, graphene's applications in improving interfacial adhesion, enhancing electrical and thermal conductivity of concrete, absorbing heavy metal ions, and collecting building energy are introduced. Finally, the existing issues in current study are analyzed, and the future development trends are foreseen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houxuan Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Maintenance Inspection Department of Chongqing Yuhe Expressway Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin M, Li W, Ma Y, Zeng H, Huang M, Lu C, Yang G. Investigation on the Electrical Conductivity of Graphene/Cement Composites by Alternating Current Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1436. [PMID: 36837069 PMCID: PMC9964645 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper is concerned with an analysis of the electrical conductivity of graphene/cement composites by means of DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current) techniques. Moreover, the micrograph and element composition of composites have been characterized through SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (energy-dispersive spectrometers) techniques, respectively. Results revealed that a percolation transition region Φ2-Φ1 (Φ2 and Φ1 values are determined as 0.8% and 1.8%, respectively) can be observed in the S-shaped curve. In addition, the logistic model has been recommended to characterize the relationship between the conductivity and the graphene concentration, which ranged from 0.001% to 2.5%. The micrographs obtained by SEM technique clearly indicate a complete conductive network as well as agglomeration of graphene slices when the graphene content reaches the threshold value. Furthermore, graphene slices can be distinguished from the cement hydration products by means of the analysis of element composition obtained through the EDS technique. It is promising to apply the graphene/cement composites as intelligent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Division of Science and Technology Management, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yuefeng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Haoyu Zeng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Minghui Huang
- China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation, Chengdu 610095, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Division of Science and Technology Management, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Guo Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caggiano A. Energy in Construction and Building Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:504. [PMID: 36676240 PMCID: PMC9861151 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy efficiency in buildings has become a major challenge in both science and industry [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Caggiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale-DICCA, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hardening and Fresh State Behaviour of Ternary Cement for Marine Environments: Modification through Nanoadditives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051938. [PMID: 35269173 PMCID: PMC8911816 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials to enhance the physical and mechanical properties and durability of cement materials in their hardened state has been studied for a long time in many investigations. In comparison, fewer studies focus on nanomaterials’ influence on the fresh state when the cement reaction starts. In addition, if we consider ternary blended cement (as those used for applications in marine environments), this has been rarely studied. Severe stresses in the marine environment require high durability, which is achieved by using pozzolanic additions, to the detriment of a rapid achievement of the properties. The addition of nanomaterials could contribute to increasing the durability and also accelerating the setting of the concrete. In this work, we performed a systematic and comparative study on the influence of adding graphene oxide (GO), nanosilica (NS), and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) during the setting mechanisms of cement (CEM V/A suitable for concrete subjected to external attacks in marine environments) blended with fly ash and slag. Cement hardening was examined through setting time and rheology within mini-slump tests. The effect of nanoadditives on the cement hydration was analysed by heat flow calorimetry to evaluate the acceleration potential. Exploring the three nanoadditives on the same formulation, we could establish that the retention of mixing water significantly decreased workability for MFC. In contrast, NS increases the hydration of cement particles, acting as nucleation nodes and promoting supplementary cement hydrates (pozzolanic reactions) and accelerating setting time. Finally, GO showed a reduction in workability. We also investigated the dosage effects on mechanical behaviour at an early age and discovered an improvement even at low GO (0.006%) and NS (3%) dosages. We have also analysed the dosage effects on mechanical behaviour at an early age.
Collapse
|
5
|
Electrical, Piezoresistive and Electromagnetic Properties of Graphene Reinforced Cement Composites: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123220. [PMID: 34947569 PMCID: PMC8705990 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their excellent combination of mechanical and physical properties, graphene and its derivatives as reinforcements have been drawing tremendous attention to the development of high-performance and multifunctional cement-based composites. This paper is mainly focused on reviewing existing studies on the three material properties (electrical, piezoresistive and electromagnetic) correlated to the multifunction of graphene reinforced cement composite materials (GRCCMs). Graphene fillers have demonstrated better reinforcing effects on the three material properties involved when compared to the other fillers, such as carbon fiber (CF), carbon nanotube (CNT) and glass fiber (GF). This can be attributed to the large specific surface area of graphene fillers, leading to improved hydration process, microstructures and interactions between the fillers and the cement matrix in the composites. Therefore, studies on using some widely adopted methods/techniques to characterize and investigate the hydration and microstructures of GRCCMs are reviewed and discussed. Since the types of graphene fillers and cement matrices and the preparation methods affect the filler dispersion and material properties, studies on these aspects are also briefly summarized and discussed. Based on the review, some challenges and research gaps for future research are identified. This review is envisaged to provide a comprehensive literature review and more insightful perspectives for research on developing multifunctional GRCCMs.
Collapse
|
6
|
May the Piezoresistivity of GNP-Modified Cement Mortar Be Related to Its Fractal Structure? FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract5040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High piezoresistivity of cement-based composites tuned by conductible fillers provides a feasible way to develop self-sensing smart structures and buildings. However, the microstructural mechanisms remain to be properly understood. In the present work, the piezoresistivity of cement mortar with different dosages of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was investigated, and the microstructure was assessed by electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Two surface fractal models were introduced to interpret the MIP data to explore the multi-scale fractal structure of the GNP-modified cement mortars. Results show that the incorporation of GNPs into cement mortar can roughen the fracture surfaces due to the GNPs’ agglomeration. Gauge factor (GF) rises and falls as GNP content increases from 0% to 1% with the optimal piezoresistivity observed at GNP = 0.1% and 0.05%. The GF values of the optimum mortar are over 50 times higher than those of the reference mortar. Fractal dimensions in macro and micro fractal regions change with GNP content. Analysis shows that the fractal dimensions in micro region decrease first and then increase with the increase of GF values. GNPs not only impact the fractal structure of cement mortar, but also alter the tunneling and contact effects that govern the piezoresistivity of composite materials.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dolado JS, Goracci G, Duque E, Martauz P, Zuo Y, Ye G. THz Fingerprints of Cement-Based Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184194. [PMID: 32967263 PMCID: PMC7560472 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To find materials with an appropriate response to THz radiation is key for the incoming THz technology revolution. Unfortunately, this region of the electromagnetic spectra remains largely unexplored in most materials. The present work aims at unveiling the most significant THz fingerprints of cement-based materials. To this end transmission experiments have been carried out over Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and geopolymer (GEO) binder cement pastes in combination with atomistic simulations. These simulations have calculated for the first time, the dielectric response of C-S-H and N-A-S-H gels, the most important hydration products of OPC and GEO cement pastes respectively. Interestingly both the experiments and simulations reveal that both varieties of cement pastes exhibit three main characteristic peaks at frequencies around ~0.6 THz, ~1.05 THz and ~1.35 THz, whose origin is governed by the complex dynamic of their water content, and two extra signals at ~1.95 THz and ~2.75 THz which are likely related to modes involving floppy parts of the dried skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S. Dolado
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain;
- Microlab, Section Materials and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology (TU DELFT), Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands; (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido Goracci
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Duque
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Pavel Martauz
- Povazska Cementaren a.s., Ladce, 01863 Ladce, Slovakia;
| | - Yibing Zuo
- Microlab, Section Materials and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology (TU DELFT), Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands; (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Control Structures, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 28, Nanli Road, Hong-shan District, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Guang Ye
- Microlab, Section Materials and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology (TU DELFT), Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands; (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|