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van Gaalen K, Quinn C, Weiler M, Gremse F, Benn F, McHugh PE, Vaughan TJ, Kopp A. Predicting localised corrosion and mechanical performance of a PEO surface modified rare earth magnesium alloy for implant use through in-silico modelling. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:437-451. [PMID: 36993789 PMCID: PMC10040519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influence of a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) surface treatment on a medical-grade WE43-based magnesium alloy is examined through an experimental and computational framework that considers the effects of localised corrosion features and mechanical properties throughout the corrosion process. First, a comprehensive in-vitro immersion study was performed on WE43-based tensile specimens with and without PEO surface modification, which included fully automated spatial reconstruction of the phenomenological features of corrosion through micro-CT scanning, followed by uniaxial tensile testing. Then the experimental data of both unmodified and PEO-modified groups were used to calibrate parameters of a finite element-based surface corrosion model. In-vitro, it was found that the WE43-PEO modified group had a significantly lower corrosion rate and maintained significantly higher mechanical properties than the unmodified. While corrosion rates were ∼50% lower in the WE43-PEO modified specimens, the local geometric features of corroding surfaces remained similar to the unmodified WE43 group, however evolving after almost the double amount of time. We were also able to quantitatively demonstrate that the PEO surface treatment on magnesium continued to protect samples from corrosion throughout the entire period tested, and not just in the early stages of corrosion. Using the results from the testing framework, the model parameters of the surface-based corrosion model were identified for both groups. This enabled, for the first time, in-silico prediction of the physical features of corrosion and the mechanical performance of both unmodified and PEO modified magnesium specimens. This simulation framework can enable future in-silico design and optimisation of bioabsorbable magnesium devices for load-bearing medical applications. Examination of corrosion morphology and mechanics of PEO modified WE43. Automated phenomenological tracking of corrosion features by PitScan. Corrosion model of unmodified WE43 and WE43 PEO modified. Calibration through geometrical features and mechanical parameters followed. PEO treatment does not influence the severity of localised corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin van Gaalen
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Meotec GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Conall Quinn
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marek Weiler
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Gremse-IT GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Benn
- Meotec GmbH, Aachen, Germany
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. McHugh
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J. Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Corresponding author. Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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van Gaalen K, Quinn C, Benn F, McHugh PE, Kopp A, Vaughan TJ. Linking the effect of localised pitting corrosion with mechanical integrity of a rare earth magnesium alloy for implant use. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:32-43. [PMID: 36017069 PMCID: PMC9396051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a computational framework that investigates the effect of localised surface-based corrosion on the mechanical performance of a magnesium-based alloy. A finite element-based phenomenological corrosion model was used to generate a wide range of corrosion profiles, with subsequent uniaxial tensile test simulations to predict the mechanical response to failure. The python-based detection framework PitScan provides detailed quantification of the spatial phenomenological features of corrosion, including a full geometric tracking of corroding surface. Through this approach, this study is the first to quantitatively demonstrate that a surface-based non-uniform corrosion model can capture both the geometrical and mechanical features of a magnesium alloy undergoing corrosion by comparing to experimental data. Using this verified corrosion modelling approach, a wide range of corrosion scenarios was evaluated and enabled quantitative relationships to be established between the mechanical integrity and key phenomenological corrosion features. In particular, we demonstrated that the minimal cross-sectional area parameter was the strongest predictor of the remaining mechanical strength (R2 = 0.98), with this relationship being independent of the severity or spatial features of localised surface corrosion. Interestingly, our analysis demonstrated that parameters described in ASTM G46-94 showed weaker correlations to the mechanical integrity of corroding specimens, compared to parameters determined by Pitscan. This study establishes new mechanistic insight into the performance of the magnesium-based materials undergoing corrosion. Corrosion profile (uniform/localised) generation with phenomenological degradation model. Automated phenomenological tracking of corrosion features by PitScan. Linking mechanical key parameters and geometrical corrosion features including in-vitro data. Identification of profile independent corrosion features and model fitting.
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Kemuriyama S, Aita H, Maida T, Kawamura N, Nezu T, Iijima M, Endo K, Koshino H. Effect of photofunctionalization on titanium bone-implant integration in ovariectomized rats. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:11-18. [PMID: 36123044 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is considered a risk factor for osseointegration during implant treatment. Photofunctionalization of titanium has been shown to improve bone-based cell adhesion, proliferation, and functional expression, increasing the bone-implant contact rate and bone-implant integration strength. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that photofunctionalization is effective for implant fixation using an osteoporosis rat model. In the biomechanical push-in test, the bone-implant integration strength of the photofunctionalization treatment group was 1.53 times that of the control group (p<0.05). These values implied that photofunctionalization restored the ovariectomy-induced low bone-implant integration strength to normal states. In the micro-CT analysis, the BV/TV of the photofunctionalization treatment group was 1.32 times that of the control group (p<0.05). These values implied that photofunctionalization restored the ovariectomy-induced low peri-implant bone formation to normal states. These results indicate that photofunctionalization treatment increased peri-implant bone formation and bone-implant integration strength in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kemuriyama
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hideki Aita
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takeo Maida
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | | | - Takashi Nezu
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kazuhiko Endo
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hisashi Koshino
- Division of Occlusion and Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Singh N, Batra U, Kumar K, Ahuja N, Mahapatro A. Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys: A critical review towards clinical translation. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:717-757. [PMID: 35633903 PMCID: PMC9117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mg and its alloys evince strong candidature for biodegradable bone implants, cardiovascular stents, and wound closing devices. However, their rapid degradation rate causes premature implant failure, constraining clinical applications. Bio-functional surface coatings have emerged as the most competent strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements, besides yielding effective corrosion resistance. This article reviews the progress of biodegradable and advanced surface coatings on Mg alloys investigated in recent years, aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of coating techniques, processing parameters, performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength, and biocompatibility. Recently developed conversion and deposition type surface coatings are thoroughly discussed by reporting their essential therapeutic responses like osteogenesis, angiogenesis, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, and controlled drug release towards in-vitro and in-vivo study models. The challenges associated with metallic, ceramic and polymeric coatings along with merits and demerits of various coatings have been illustrated. The use of multilayered hybrid coating comprising a unique combination of organic and inorganic components has been emphasized with future perspectives to obtain diverse bio-functionalities in a facile single coating system for orthopedic implant applications. The challenges and current status of coatings are reviewed in light of clinical requirements. Multilayered hybrid coatings have been emphasized to obtain diverse bio-functionalities. The future developments and research directions on coatings for biodegradable implants are highlighted.
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Lupescu Ș, Munteanu C, Sindilar EV, Istrate B, Mihai I, Oprisan B, Pasca AS. Long-Term Examination of Degradation and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Some Mg-0.5Ca-xY Alloys in Sprague Dawley Rats. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5958. [PMID: 36079340 PMCID: PMC9456631 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The medical field has undergone constant development in recent years, and a segment of this development is occupied by biodegradable alloys. The most common alloys in this field are those based on Mg, their main advantage being the ability to degrade gradually, without affecting the patient, and also their ability to be fully absorbed by the human body. One of their most important conditions is the regeneration and replacement of human tissue. Tissue can be engineered in different ways, one being tissue regeneration in vivo, which can serve as a template. In vivo remodeling aims to restore tissue or organs. The key processes of tissue formation and maturation are: proliferation (sorting and differentiation of cells), proliferation and organization of the extracellular matrix, biodegradation of the scaffold-remodeling, and potential tissue growth. In the present paper, the design of the alloys in the Mg-Ca-Y system is formed from the beginning using high-purity components, Mg-98.5%, master-alloys: Mg-Y (70 wt.%-30 wt.%) and Mg-Ca (85 wt.%-15 wt.%). After 8 weeks of implantation, the degradation of the implanted material is observed, and only small remaining fragments are found. At the site of implantation, no inflammatory reaction is observed, but it is observed that the process of integration and reabsorption, over time, accentuates the prosaic surface of the material. The aim of the work is to test the biocompatibility of magnesium-based alloys on laboratory rats in order to use these alloys in medical applications. The innovative parts of these analyses are the chemical composition of the alloys used and the tests performed on laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Lupescu
- Department of Mechanics and Technologies, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Corneliu Munteanu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Gheorghe Asachi University of Iasi, 6 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, 26 Dacia Blvd, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eusebiu Viorel Sindilar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lasi, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences (IULS), nr.8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Istrate
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Gheorghe Asachi University of Iasi, 6 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Mihai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lasi, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences (IULS), nr.8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Oprisan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, Universității 16 Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Aurelian-Sorin Pasca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lasi, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences (IULS), nr.8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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Rotator cuff repair with biodegradable high-purity magnesium suture anchor in sheep model. J Orthop Translat 2022; 35:62-71. [PMID: 36186661 PMCID: PMC9471965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff tear has become one of the diseases affecting people's living quality. Conventional anchor materials such as titanium alloy and poly-lactic acid can lead to postoperative complications like bone defects and aseptic inflammation. Magnesium (Mg)-based implants are biodegradable and biocompatible, with strong potential to be applied in orthopaedics. Methods In this study, we developed a high-purity (HP) Mg suture anchor and studied its mechanical properties and degradation behavior in vitro. Furthermore, we described the use of high-purity Mg to prepare suture anchor for the rotator cuff repair in sheep. Results The in vitro tests showed that HP Mg suture anchor possess proper degradation behavior and appropriate mechanical property. Animal experiment indicated that HP Mg suture anchor provided reliable anchoring function in 12 weeks and showed no toxic effect on animal organs. Conclusion In summary, the HP Mg anchor presented in this study had favorable mechanical property and biosecurity. The translational potential of this article: The translational potential of this article is to use high-purity Mg to develop a degradable suture anchor and verify the feasibility of the application in animal model. This study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of biodegradable high-purity Mg suture anchor.
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High-resolution ex vivo analysis of the degradation and osseointegration of Mg-xGd implant screws in 3D. Bioact Mater 2022; 13:37-52. [PMID: 35224290 PMCID: PMC8844220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys can revolutionize osteosynthesis, because they have mechanical properties similar to those of the bone, and degrade over time, avoiding the need of removal surgery. However, they are not yet routinely applied because their degradation behavior is not fully understood. In this study we have investigated and quantified the degradation and osseointegration behavior of two biodegradable Mg alloys based on gadolinium (Gd) at high resolution. Mg-5Gd and Mg-10Gd screws were inserted in rat tibia for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Afterward, the degradation rate and degradation homogeneity, as well as bone-to-implant interface, were studied with synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography and histology. Titanium (Ti) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were used as controls material to evaluate osseointegration. Our results showed that Mg-5Gd degraded faster and less homogeneously than Mg-10Gd. Both alloys gradually form a stable degradation layer at the interface and were surrounded by new bone tissue. The results were correlated to in vitro data obtained from the same material and shape. The average bone-to-implant contact of the Mg-xGd implants was comparable to that of Ti and higher than for PEEK. The results suggest that both Mg-xGd alloys are suitable as materials for bone implants. High-resolution non-destructive synchrotron micro computed tomography of biodegradable Mg alloys ex vivo. Mg-xGd implants exhibit a high bone-to-implant contact, similar to titanium implants. Initially Mg-xGd implants are surrounded by a lesser bone volume fraction but reach similar levels as reference materials. Mg-xGd implants degrade at rates lower than 1 mm a−1 in vivo, decreasing to less than 0.4 mm a−1 after 12 weeks.
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Bone Union Quality after Fracture Fixation of Mandibular Head with Compression Magnesium Screws. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062230. [PMID: 35329682 PMCID: PMC8950275 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For some years now, fixation devices created with resorbable magnesium alloys for the mandibular head have been clinically available and are beginning to be used. It is thus valuable to evaluate the quality of unions in these cases. The aim of this study was radiological comparison of magnesium versus titanium open reduction and rigid fixations in the mandible condylar head. Thirty-one patients were treated for fractures of the mandibular head with magnesium WE43 alloy headless compression screws (diameter 2.3 mm) and, as a reference group, 29 patients were included with similar construction titanium screws (diameter 1.8 mm). The 12-month results of the treatment were evaluated by the texture analysis of CT. Near similar treatment results were found with magnesium screws in traditional titanium fixation. Magnesium screws result in a higher density of the bone structure in the mandibular head. Conclusions: The quantitative evaluation of bone union after surgical treatment of mandibular head fracture with magnesium compression headless screws indicates that stable consolidation was achieved. Undoubtedly, the resorption process of the screws was found to be incomplete after 12 months, evidenced by a marked densification of the bone structure at the fracture site.
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Kozakiewicz M, Gabryelczak I, Bielecki-Kowalski B. Clinical Evaluation of Magnesium Alloy Osteosynthesis in the Mandibular Head. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030711. [PMID: 35160655 PMCID: PMC8836973 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloys are used in skeletal surgery. However, once bone union is complete, such fixation material becomes unnecessary or even harmful. Resorbable magnesium materials have been available for several years (WE43 alloy). The aim of this study was to clinically compare magnesium versus titanium open reduction and rigid fixations in mandible condylar heads. Ten patients were treated for fractures of the mandibular head with magnesium headless compression screws (2.3 mm in diameter), and 11 patients were included as a reference group with titanium screws (1.8 mm in diameter) with similar construction. The fixation characteristics (delay, time, and number of screws), distant anatomical results (mandibular ramus height loss, monthly loss rate, and relative loss of reconstructed ramus height), basic functional data (mandibular movements, facial nerve function, and cutaneous perception) and the influence of the effects of the injury (fracture type, fragmentation, occlusion, additional fractures, and associated diseases) on the outcome were evaluated. The long-term results of treatment were evaluated after 18 months. Treatment results similar to those of traditional titanium fixation were found with magnesium screws. Conclusions: Resorbable metal screws can be a favored option for osteosynthesis because surgical reentry can be avoided. These materials provide proper and stable treatment results.
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Li C, Lv H, Du Y, Zhu W, Yang W, Wang X, Wang J, Chen W. Biologically modified implantation as therapeutic bioabsorbable materials for bone defect repair. Regen Ther 2021; 19:9-23. [PMID: 35024389 PMCID: PMC8732753 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, researches have concentrated on the mechanical properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility of implants used in the therapy of large size bone defect. In vivo studies demonstrate that bioabsorbable bone substitute materials can reduce the risk of common symptoms such as inflammation and osteonecrosis caused by bio-inert materials after long-term implantation. Several organic, inorganic, and composite materials have been approved for clinical application, based on their unique characteristics and advantages. Although some artificial bioabsorbable bone substitute materials have been used for years, there are still some disadvantages existing, such as low mechanical strength, high brittleness, and low degradation rate. Therefore, novel bioabsorbable composite materials biomaterials have been developed for bone defect repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of artificial bioabsorbable bone substitute materials and highlight the advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, recent advances in bioabsorbable bone substitute materials used in bone defect repair are outlined. Finally, we discuss current challenges and further developments in the clinical application of bioabsorbable bone substitute materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Yawei Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Corresponding author. No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shjiazhuang 050051, PR China. Fax: +86-311-87023626.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China,Corresponding author. No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shjiazhuang 050051, PR China. Fax: +86-311-87023626.
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Malagón-Escandón A, Hautefeuille M, Jimenez-Díaz E, Arenas-Alatorre J, Saniger JM, Badillo-Ramírez I, Vazquez N, Piñón-Zarate G, Castell-Rodríguez A. Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffolds Derived from Bovine Cancellous Bone Matrix Promote Osteoinduction, Osteoconduction, and Osteogenesis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4390. [PMID: 34960941 PMCID: PMC8705055 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional porous scaffolds derived from decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasing for functional repair and regeneration of injured bone tissue. Because these scaffolds retain their native structures and bioactive molecules, in addition to showing low immunogenicity and good biodegradability, they can promote tissue repair and regeneration. Nonetheless, imitating these features in synthetic materials represents a challenging task. Furthermore, due to the complexity of bone tissue, different processes are necessary to maintain these characteristics. We present a novel approach using decellularized ECM material derived from bovine cancellous bone by demineralization, decellularization, and hydrolysis of collagen to obtain a three-dimensional porous scaffold. This study demonstrates that the three-dimensional porous scaffold obtained from bovine bone retained its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties and presented osteogenic potential when seeded with human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs). Based on its characteristics, the scaffold described in this work potentially represents a therapeutic strategy for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda Malagón-Escandón
- Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-E.); (N.V.); (G.P.-Z.)
| | | | - Edgar Jimenez-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.H.); (E.J.-D.)
| | | | - José Manuel Saniger
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), UNAM, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (J.M.S.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Isidro Badillo-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), UNAM, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (J.M.S.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Nadia Vazquez
- Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-E.); (N.V.); (G.P.-Z.)
| | - Gabriela Piñón-Zarate
- Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-E.); (N.V.); (G.P.-Z.)
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Liebi M, Lutz-Bueno V, Guizar-Sicairos M, Schönbauer BM, Eichler J, Martinelli E, Löffler JF, Weinberg A, Lichtenegger H, Grünewald TA. 3D nanoscale analysis of bone healing around degrading Mg implants evaluated by X-ray scattering tensor tomography. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:804-817. [PMID: 34333163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nanostructural adaptation of bone is crucial for its biocompatibility with orthopedic implants. The bone nanostructure also determines its mechanical properties and performance. However, the bone's temporal and spatial nanoadaptation around degrading implants remains largely unknown. Here, we present insights into this important bone adaptation by applying scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering tensor tomography (SASTT). We extend the novel SASTT reconstruction method and provide a 3D scattering reciprocal space map per voxel of the sample's volume. From this reconstruction, parameters such as the thickness of the bone mineral particles are quantified, which provide additional information on nanostructural adaptation of bone during healing. We selected a rat femoral bone and a degrading ZX10 magnesium implant as model system, and investigated it over the course of 18 months, using a sham as control. We observe that the bone's nanostructural adaptation starts with an initially fast interfacial bone growth close to the implant, which spreads by a re-orientation of the nanostructure in the bone volume around the implant, and is consolidated in the later degradation stages. These observations reveal the complex bulk bone-implant interactions and enable future research on the related biomechanical bone responses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Traumatic bone injuries are among the most frequent causes of surgical treatment, and often require the placement of an implant. The ideal implant supports and induces bone formation, while being mechanically and chemically adapted to the bone structure, ensuring a gradual load transfer. While magnesium implants fulfill these requirements, the nanostructural changes during bone healing and implant degradation remain not completely elucidated. Here, we unveil these processes in rat femoral bones with ZX10 magnesium implants and show different stages of bone healing in such a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Liebi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Center for X-ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Bernd M Schönbauer
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Eichler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jörg F Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelie Weinberg
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Cheng S, Lan L, Li M, Chu X, Zhong H, Yao M, Peng F, Zhang Y. Pure Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Film on Magnesium Alloys for Orthopedic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24575-24584. [PMID: 34604639 PMCID: PMC8482458 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mg alloys are promising biodegradable orthopedic implants in the future. However, poor corrosion resistance and biocompatibility limit their wide applications. In this study, a pure Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) film on AZ31 was prepared through combining hydrofluoric acid pretreatment and hydrothermal treatment. Electrochemical analysis and the immersion test suggested that the as-prepared Mg-Al LDH-coated sample exhibited significantly enhanced corrosion resistance. The in vitro cell culture revealed that the Mg-Al LDH film was favorable for the alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, and osteogenesis-related gene expression of MC3T3-E1. Furthermore, the LDH-coated sample was beneficial for the migration, vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, and angiogenesis-related gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The subcutaneous implantation test demonstrated that the Mg-Al LDH film could protect the substrate from corrosion and induce milder inflammation. The femur implantation demonstrated that the Mg-Al LDH sample showed better bone regeneration and osseointegration than bare AZ31. In summary, the as-prepared pure Mg-Al LDH film is able to enhance the in vitro and in vivo performances of AZ31, indicating a promising application in the orthopedic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Cheng
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lvqin Lan
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- The
Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510920, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department
of Orthopedics, Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- The
Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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14
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Joshi A, Dias G, Staiger MP. In silico modelling of the corrosion of biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials: modelling approaches, validation and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:257-271. [PMID: 35836648 PMCID: PMC9255808 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallic biomedical implants based on magnesium, zinc and iron alloys have emerged as bioresorbable alternatives to permanent orthopaedic implants over the last two decades. The corrosion rate of biodegradable metals plays a critical role in controlling the compatibility and functionality of the device in vivo. The broader adoption of biodegradable metals in orthopaedic applications depends on developing in vitro methods that accurately predict the biodegradation behaviour in vivo. However, the physiological environment is a highly complex corrosion environment to replicate in the laboratory, making the in vitro-to-in vivo translation of results very challenging. Accordingly, the results from in vitro corrosion tests fail to provide a complete schema of the biodegradation behaviour of the metal in vivo. In silico approach based on computer simulations aim to bridge the observed differences between experiments performed in vitro and vivo. A critical review of the state-of-the-art of computational modelling techniques for predicting the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy as a biodegradable metal is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark P. Staiger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand,Corresponding author: Mark P. Staiger,
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15
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van Gaalen K, Gremse F, Benn F, McHugh PE, Kopp A, Vaughan TJ. Automated ex-situ detection of pitting corrosion and its effect on the mechanical integrity of rare earth magnesium alloy - WE43. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:545-558. [PMID: 34541419 PMCID: PMC8435990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study develops a three-dimensional automated detection framework (PitScan) that systematically evaluates the severity and phenomenology of pitting corrosion. This framework uses a python-based algorithm to analyse microcomputer-tomography scans (μCT) of cylindrical specimens undergoing corrosion. The approach systematically identifies several surface-based corrosion features, enabling full spatial characterisation of pitting parameters, including pit density, pit size, pit depth as well as pitting factor according to ASTM G46-94. Furthermore, it is used to evaluate pitting formation in tensile specimens of a Rare Earth Magnesium alloy undergoing corrosion, and relationships between key pitting parameters and mechanical performance are established. Results demonstrated that several of the parameters described in ASTM G46-94, including pit number, pit density and pitting factor, showed little correlation to mechanical performance. However, this study did identify that other parameters showed strong correlations with the ultimate tensile strength and these tended to be directly linked to the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the specimen. Specifically, our results indicate, that parameters directly linked to the loss of the cross-sectional area (e.g. minimum material width), are parameters that are most suited to provide an indication of a specimen's mechanical performance. The automated detection framework developed in this study has the potential to provide a basis to standardise measurements of pitting corrosion across a range of metals and future prediction of mechanical strength over degradation time. In-vitro immersion study of dog bones manufactured from a WE43 Magnesium alloy. Novel approach characterizing spatial pit formation using micro-CT scans. Comparison of mass loss by hydrogen gas measurement and volume loss by μCT scans. Correlation between mechanical strength and geometrical pit formation features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin van Gaalen
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Meotec GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Benn
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Meotec GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter E McHugh
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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16
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Jana A, Das M, Balla VK. In vitro and in vivo degradation assessment and preventive measures of biodegradable Mg alloys for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:462-487. [PMID: 34418295 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been widely explored as a potential biodegradable implant material. However, the fast degradation of Mg-based alloys under physiological environment has hindered their widespread use for implant applications till date. The present review focuses on in vitro and in vivo degradation of biodegradable Mg alloys, and preventive measures for biomedical applications. Initially, the corrosion assessment approaches to predict the degradation behavior of Mg alloys are discussed along with the measures to control rapid corrosion. Furthermore, this review attempts to explore the correlation between in vitro and in vivo corrosion behavior of different Mg alloys. It was found that the corrosion depends on experimental conditions, materials and the results of different assessment procedures hardly matches with each other. It has been demonstrated the corrosion rate of magnesium can be tailored by alloying elements, surface treatments and heat treatments. Various researches also studied different biocompatible coatings such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and so on, on Mg alloys to suppress rapid degradation and examine their influence on new bone regeneration as well. This review shows the need for a standard method of corrosion assessment to predict the in vivo corrosion rate based on in vitro data, and thus reducing the in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Jana
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitun Das
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Balla
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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17
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Bioresorption Control and Biological Response of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Coated with Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys are not normally used as bioresorbable temporary implants due to their high and uncontrolled degradation rate in a physiological liquid environment. The improvement of corrosion resistance to simulated body fluids (SBF) of a magnesium alloy (AZ31) coated with poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize surface morphology, material composition, and wettability, respectively. pH modification of the SBF corroding medium, mass of Mg2+ ions released, weight loss of the samples exposed to the SBF solution, and electrochemical experiments were used to describe the corrosion process and its kinetics. The material’s biocompatibility was described by evaluating the effect of corrosion by products collected in the SBF equilibrating solution on hemolysis ratio, cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The results showed that the PHB coating can diffusively control the degradation rate of magnesium alloy, improving its biocompatibility: the hemolysis rate of materials was lower than 5%, while in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) compatibility experiments showed that PHB-coated Mg alloy promoted cell proliferation and had no effect on the NO content and that the T-AOC was enhanced compared with the normal group and bare AZ31 alloy. PHB-coated AZ31 magnesium alloy extraction fluids have a less toxic behavior due to the lower concentration of corrosion byproducts deriving from the diffusion control exerted by the PHB coating films both from the metal surface to the solution and vice versa. These findings provide more reference value for the selection of such systems as tunable bioresorbable prosthetic materials.
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18
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Wang SH, Lee SP, Yang CW, Lo CM. Surface Modification of Biodegradable Mg-Based Scaffolds for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020441. [PMID: 33477485 PMCID: PMC7831072 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys with coatings have the potential to be used for bone substitute alternatives since their mechanical properties are close to those of human bone. However, the surface modification of magnesium alloys to increase the surface biocompatibility and reduce the degradation rate remains a challenge. Here, FHA-Mg scaffolds were made of magnesium alloys and coated with fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on FHA-Mg scaffolds and cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were investigated. The results showed that FHA-Mg scaffolds display a nano-scaled needle-like structure of aggregated crystallites on their surface. The average Mg2+ concentration in the conditioned media collected from FHA-Mg scaffolds (5.8–7.6 mM) is much lower than those collected from uncoated, Mg(OH)2-coated, and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated samples (32.1, 17.7, and 21.1 mM, respectively). In addition, compared with hMSCs cultured on a culture dish, cells cultured on FHA-Mg scaffolds demonstrated better proliferation and comparable osteogenic differentiation. To eliminate the effect of osteogenic induction medium, hMSCs were cultured on FHA-Mg scaffolds in culture medium and an approximate 66% increase in osteogenic differentiation was observed three weeks later, indicating a significant effect of the nanostructured surface of FHA-Mg scaffolds on hMSC behaviors. With controllable Mg2+ release and favorable mechanical properties, porous FHA-Mg scaffolds have a great potential in cell-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Han Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Wei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.Y.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-5-6315478 (C.-W.Y.); +886-2-28267018 (C.-M.L.)
| | - Chun-Min Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-W.Y.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-5-6315478 (C.-W.Y.); +886-2-28267018 (C.-M.L.)
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19
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Long Term Evaluation of Biodegradation and Biocompatibility In-Vivo the Mg-0.5Ca-xZr Alloys in Rats. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable alloys in Mg have the advantages of traditional metallic materials and those of biodegradable polymers with superior strength, lower density and ideal rigidity for fixing bone fractures. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of the five concentrations of Mg-0.5Ca-xZr alloys used were assessed using clinical and laboratory examinations that followed over time: tissue reaction, histological and imaging (RX, CT and SEM) evolution at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implant. The main purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo the long-term effect of Mg-0.5Ca-xZr alloys in rats. The results confirmed that Mg-0.5Ca-xZr alloys are biocompatible and biodegradable and are recommended to be used as possible materials for new orthopedics devices.
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