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Vesel A. Deposition of Chitosan on Plasma-Treated Polymers-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1109. [PMID: 36904353 PMCID: PMC10007447 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials for biomedical applications often need to be coated to enhance their performance, such as their biocompatibility, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, or to assist the regeneration process and influence cell adhesion. Among naturally available substances, chitosan meets the above criteria. Most synthetic polymer materials do not enable the immobilization of the chitosan film. Therefore, their surface should be altered to ensure the interaction between the surface functional groups and the amino or hydroxyl groups in the chitosan chain. Plasma treatment can provide an effective solution to this problem. This work aims to review plasma methods for surface modification of polymers for improved chitosan immobilization. The obtained surface finish is explained in view of the different mechanisms involved in treating polymers with reactive plasma species. The reviewed literature showed that researchers usually use two different approaches: direct immobilization of chitosan on the plasma-treated surface or indirect immobilization by additional chemistry and coupling agents, which are also reviewed. Although plasma treatment leads to remarkably improved surface wettability, this was not the case for chitosan-coated samples, where a wide range of wettability was reported ranging from almost superhydrophilic to hydrophobic, which may have a negative effect on the formation of chitosan-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Vesel
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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A Novel Hydrophilic, Antibacterial Chitosan-Based Coating Prepared by Ultrasonic Atomization Assisted LbL Assembly Technique. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010043. [PMID: 36662091 PMCID: PMC9863527 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential applicability of chitosan (CTS), we prepared aldehyde chitosan (CTS-CHO) with chitosan and sodium periodate via oxidation reaction and then a chitosan-based hydrophilic and antibacterial coating on the surface of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) film was developed and characterized. The oxidation degree was determined by Elemental analyser to be 12.53%, and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of CTS-CHO. It was evident that CTS-CHO is a biocompatible coating biomaterial with more than 80% cell viability obtained through the Live/Dead staining assay and the alamarBlue assay. The hydrophilic and antibacterial CTS-CHO coating on the PLA surface was prepared by ultrasonic atomization assisted LbL assembly technique due to Schiff's base reaction within and between layers. The CTS-CHO coating had better hydrophilicity and transparency, a more definite industrialization potential, and higher antibacterial activity at experimental concentrations than the CTS coating. All of the results demonstrated that the ultrasonic atomization-assisted LbL assembly CTS-CHO coating is a promising alternative for improving hydrophilicity and antibacterial activity on the PLA surface. The functional groups of CTS-CHO could react with active components with amino groups via dynamic Schiff's base reaction and provide the opportunity to create a drug releasing surface for biomedical applications.
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Vesel A, Recek N, Zaplotnik R, Kurinčič A, Kuzmič K, Zemljič LF. A Method for the Immobilization of Chitosan onto Urinary Catheters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315075. [PMID: 36499399 PMCID: PMC9736697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the immobilization of an antibacterial chitosan coating to polymeric urinary medical catheters is presented. The method comprises a two-step plasma-treatment procedure, followed by the deposition of chitosan from the water solution. In the first plasma step, the urinary catheter is treated with vacuum-ultraviolet radiation to break bonds in the polymer surface film and create dangling bonds, which are occupied by hydrogen atoms. In the second plasma step, polymeric catheters are treated with atomic oxygen to form oxygen-containing surface functional groups acting as binding sites for chitosan. The presence of oxygen functional groups also causes a transformation of the hydrophobic polymer surface to hydrophilic, thus enabling uniform wetting and improved adsorption of the chitosan coating. The wettability was measured by the sessile-drop method, while the surface composition and structure were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Non-treated samples did not exhibit successful chitosan immobilization. The effect of plasma treatment on immobilization was explained by noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Vesel
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nina Recek
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Zaplotnik
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Katja Kuzmič
- Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Effective and Easy Techniques of Collagen Deposition onto Polylactide Films: DC-Discharge Plasma Treatment vs. Chemical Entrapment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224886. [PMID: 36433013 PMCID: PMC9694530 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of cell adhesion and growth on surface of the biodegradable materials is one of the important tasks in development of materials for regenerative medicine. This work focuses on comparison of various methods of collagen coating deposition onto polylactide films, aiming to increase their biocompatibility with human mesenchymal stromal cells. The collagen deposition was realized using either preliminary plasma treatment of the polylactide films or pre-swelling in solvent mixture. These techniques were compared in terms of the effect on the surface's chemical structure, morphology, hydrophilicity and ability to support adhesion and growth of human mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Xia Y, Chu X, Zhao C, Wang N, Yu J, Jin Y, Sun L, Ma S. A Glass-Ultra-Thin PDMS Film-Glass Microfluidic Device for Digital PCR Application Based on Flexible Mold Peel-Off Process. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101667. [PMID: 36296020 PMCID: PMC9608979 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The microfluidic device (MFD) with a glass−PDMS−glass (G-P-G) structure is of interest for a wide range of applications. However, G-P-G MFD fabrication with an ultra-thin PDMS film (especially thickness less than 200 μm) is still a big challenge because the ultra-thin PDMS film is easily deformed, curled, and damaged during demolding and transferring. This study aimed to report a thickness-controllable and low-cost fabrication process of the G-P-G MFD with an ultra-thin PDMS film based on a flexible mold peel-off process. A patterned photoresist layer was deposited on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to fabricate a flexible mold that could be demolded softly to achieve a rigid structure of the glass−PDMS film. The thickness of ultra-thin patterned PDMS could reach less than 50 μm without damage to the PDMS film. The MFD showcased the excellent property of water evaporation inhibition (water loss < 10%) during PCR thermal cycling because of the ultra-thin PDMS film. Its low-cost fabrication process and excellent water evaporation inhibition present extremely high prospects for digital PCR application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Xia
- Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xianglong Chu
- Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Caiming Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanxin Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Effect of Saccharides Coating on Antibacterial Potential and Drug Loading and Releasing Capability of Plasma Treated Polylactic Acid Films. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158821. [PMID: 35955952 PMCID: PMC9369226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of the hospital-associated infections worldwide are related to the adhesion of bacteria cells to biomedical devices and implants. To prevent these infections, it is crucial to modify biomaterial surfaces to develop the antibacterial property. In this study, chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) were chosen as antibacterial coating materials on polylactic acid (PLA) surfaces. Plasma-treated PLA surfaces were coated with CS either direct coating method or the carbodiimide coupling method. As a next step for the combined saccharide coating, CS grafted samples were immersed in ChS solution, which resulted in the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formation. Also in this experiment, to test the drug loading and releasing efficiency of the thin film coatings, CS grafted samples were immersed into lomefloxacin-containing ChS solution. The successful modifications were confirmed by elemental composition analysis (XPS), surface topography images (SEM), and hydrophilicity change (contact angle measurements). The carbodiimide coupling resulted in higher CS grafting on the PLA surface. The coatings with the PEC formation between CS-ChS showed improved activity against the bacteria strains than the separate coatings. Moreover, these interactions increased the lomefloxacin amount adhered to the film coatings and extended the drug release profile. Finally, the zone of inhibition test confirmed that the CS-ChS coating showed a contact killing mechanism while drug-loaded films have a dual killing mechanism, which includes contact, and release killing.
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Drobota M, Ursache S, Aflori M. Surface Functionalities of Polymers for Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122307. [PMID: 35745883 PMCID: PMC9229900 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of a material biointerface allow for specialized cell signaling and diverse biological responses. Biomaterials incorporating immobilized bioactive ligands have been widely introduced and used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in order to develop biomaterials with improved functionality. Furthermore, a variety of physical and chemical techniques have been utilized to improve biomaterial functionality, particularly at the material interface. At the interface level, the interactions between materials and cells are described. The importance of surface features in cell function is then examined, with new strategies for surface modification being highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara Drobota
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Stefan Ursache
- Innovative Green Power, No. 5 Iancu Bacalu Street, 700029 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Demina TS, Bikmulina PY, Birdibekova AV, Kuryanova AS, Frolova AA, Koteneva PI, Aksenova NA, Kosheleva NV, Khlebnikova TM, Akopova TA, Timashev PS. Modification of the Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Cytocompatibility of Chitosan Films via Low-Frequency Plasma Treatment. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382202003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gilman AB, Piskarev MS, Kuznetsov AA. Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Low-Temperature Plasma for Use in Medicine and Biology. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143921020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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