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Demir O, Uslan I, Buyuk M, Salamci MU. Development and validation of a digital twin of the human lower jaw under impact loading by using non-linear finite element analyses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106207. [PMID: 37922761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Mandibular fractures are one of the most frequently observed injuries within craniofacial region mostly due to tumor-related problems and traumatic events, often related to non-linear effects like impact loading. Therefore, a validated digital twin of the mandible is required to develop the best possible patient-specific treatment. However, there is a need to obtain a fully compatible numerical model that can reflect the patients' characteristics, be available and accessible quickly, require an acceptable level of modeling efforts and knowledge to provide accurate, robust and fast results at the same time under highly non-linear effects. In this study, a validated simulation methodology is suggested to develop a digital twin of mandible, capable of predicting the non-linear response of the biomechanical system under impact loading, which then can be utilized to design treatment strategies even for multiple fractures of the mandibular system. Using Computed Tomography data containing cranial (skull) images of a patient, a 3-dimensional mandibular model, which consists cortical and cancellous bones, disks and fossa is obtained with high accuracy that is compatible with anatomical boundaries. A Finite Element Model (FEM) of the biomechanical system is then developed for a three-level validation procedure including (A) modal analysis, (B) dynamic loading and (C) impact loading. For the modal analysis stage: Free-free vibration modes and frequencies of the system are validated against cadaver test results. For the dynamic loading stage: Two different regions of the mandible are loaded, and maximum stress levels of the system are validated against finite element analyses (FEA) results, where the first loading condition (i) transfers a 2000 N force acting on the symphysis region and, the second loading condition (ii) transfers a 2000 N force acting on the left body region. In both cases, equivalent muscle forces dependent on time are applied. For the impact loading stage: Thirteen different human mandibular models with various tooth deficiencies are used under the effects of traumatic impact forces that are generated by using an impact hammer with different initial velocities to transfer the impulse and momentum, where contact forces and fracture patterns are validated against cadaver tests. Five different anatomical regions are selected as the impact site. The results of the analyzes (modal, dynamic and impact) performed to validate the digital twin model are compared with the similar FEA and cadaver test results published in the literature and the results are found to be compatible. It has been evaluated that the digital twin model and numerical models are quite realistic and perform well in terms of predicting the biomechanical behavior of the mandible. The three-level validation methodology that is suggested in this research by utilizing non-linear FEA has provided a reliable road map to develop a digital twin of a biomechanical system with enough confidence that it can be utilized for similar structures to offer patient-specific treatments and can help develop custom or tailor-made implants or prosthesis for best compliance with the patient even considering the most catastrophic effects of impact related trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Demir
- Gulhane Medical Design and Manufacturing Application and Research Center-SBU-METUM, University of Health Sciences, 06010, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, 06570, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Murat Buyuk
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Metin Uymaz Salamci
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, 06570, Ankara, Turkey; Additive Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center-EKTAM, Gazi University, 06980, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dotzer B, Stocker T, Wichelhaus A, Janjic Rankovic M, Sabbagh H. Biomechanical simulation of forces and moments of initial orthodontic tooth movement in dependence on the used archwire system by ROSS (Robot Orthodontic Measurement & Simulation System). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105960. [PMID: 37348170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was to determine the forces and moments during simulated initial orthodontic tooth movements using a novel biomechanical test setup. METHODS The test setup consisted of an industrial precision robot with a force-torque sensor, a maxillary model and a control computer and software. Forces and moments acting on the corresponding experimental tooth during the motion simulations were dynamically measured for two 0.016" NiTi round archwires (Sentalloy Light/Sentalloy Medium). Intrusive (#1), rotational (#2) and angular (#3) tooth movements were simulated by a control program based on the principle of force control and executed by the robot. The results were statistically analysed using K-S-test and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of α = 5%. RESULTS Sentalloy Medium archwires generated higher forces and moments than the Sentalloy Light archwires in all simulations. In simulation #1 the mean initial forces/moments reached 1.442 N/6.781 Nmm for the Light archwires and 1.637 N/9.609 Nmm for the Medium archwires. In movement #2 Light archwires generated mean initial forces/moments of 0.302 N/-8.271 Nmm whereas Medium archwires generated 0.432 N/-9.653 Nmm. Simulation #3 showed mean initial forces/moments of -0.122 N/8.477 Nmm from the Light archwires compared to -0.300 N/11.486 Nmm for the Medium archwires. SIGNIFICANCE The measured forces and moments were suitable for initial orthodontic tooth movement in simulations #2 and #3, however inadequate in simulation #1. Reduced archwire dimensions (<0.016″) should be selected for initial leveling of vertical malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Dotzer
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Thomas Stocker
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Hisham Sabbagh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich 80336, Germany.
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de Morais RC, Simionato AA, Moris ICM, Leoni GB, Faria ACL, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF. Influence of Torque on Platform Deformity of the Tri-Channel Implant: Two- and Three-Dimensional Analysis Using Micro-Computed Tomography. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1311. [PMID: 37512122 PMCID: PMC10386693 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The insertion of the dental implant in the bone is an essential step in prosthetic rehabilitation. The insertion torque has the potential to distort the prosthetic platform, which can cause future biomechanical problems with the continuous action of occlusal forces. The aim of this study is to evaluate different insertion torques in the deformation of tri-channel platform connections through two- and three-dimensional measurements with micro-CT. Materials and Methods: A total of 164 implants were divided into groups (platform diameter and type): 3.5, 3.75, and 4.3 mm NP (narrow platform), and 4.3 mm RP (regular platform). Each implant-platform group was then divided into four subgroups (n = 10) with different torques: T45 (45 Ncm), T80 (80 Ncm), T120 (120 Ncm), and T150 (150 Ncm). The implant-abutment-screw assemblies were scanned and the images obtained were analyzed. Results: A significant difference was observed for the linear and volume measures between the different platforms (p < 0.01) and the different implant insertion torques (p < 0.01). Qualitative analysis suggested a higher deformation resistance for the 3.75 NP compared to the 3.5 NP, and RP was more resistant compared to the NP. Conclusions: The 0.25 mm increment in the implant platform did not increase the resistance to the applied insertion torques; the 4.3 mm implant was significantly stronger compared to the 3.5 mm implant; and the proposed micro-CT analysis was considered valid for both the 2D and 3D analyses of micro-gaps, qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Costa de Morais
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Agostinho Simionato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | - Graziela Bianchi Leoni
- Department of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto University-UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
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Marcin M, Katarzyna C. Stress and displacement patterns during orthodontic intervention in the maxilla of patients with cleft palate analyzed by finite element analysis: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:93. [PMID: 36782289 PMCID: PMC9926813 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rationale for the review in the context of what is already known about the evaluation of stress and displacement patterns using finite element analysis in the maxilla of patients with cleft palate after orthodontic intervention. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177494). The following databases were screened: Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. RESULTS The search identified 31 records. 15 articles were retrieved for full texts and 11 of them were considered eligible for inclusion by 2 authors. Eventually, 11 articles were included in the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS Finite element analysis is an appropriate tool for studying and predicting force application points for better controlled expansion in patients with UCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikulewicz Marcin
- Division of Facial Abnormalities, Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Chojnacka Katarzyna
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Mathur VP, Atif M, Duggal I, Tewari N, Duggal R, Chawla A. Reporting guidelines for in-silico studies using finite element analysis in medicine (RIFEM). COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 216:106675. [PMID: 35152164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, there are no reporting guidelines for design, conduct and reporting of Finite Element studies in health sciences. We intend to propose specific and detailed guidelines for reporting these studies. METHOD After recognizing the need to have uniform guidelines for reporting of finite element analysis in medicine and dentistry, a group of 5 researchers working on FEA as their research area met in the summer of 2020 and drafted the methodology for the development of such guidelines. Each researcher individually made a list of major headings required for reporting these studies and met again in September 2020 to finalize the domains. Subsequently, sub headings and details were charted. The draft list of items for reporting the guidelines were presented to a larger team of 15 experts and some changes were further made based on their inputs. RESULTS The guidelines entail seven major domains and their sub-domains, including parameters for model structure, segmentation, mesh structure, force application and model validation, etc. This checklist aims to improvise the reporting and consistency of FEA studies. CONCLUSION We hope that the usage and adoption of these guidelines by the scientific community would result in more thoughtful and uniform documentation. Also, the confidence in the results would be enhanced through model reproducibility, reusability and accountability. The proposed guidelines were named as 'Reporting of in-silico studies using finite element analysis in medicine' and the term 'RIFEM' was used as acronym.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 6th Floor, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohammad Atif
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 6th Floor, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Isha Duggal
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 6th Floor, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anoop Chawla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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Stress Concentration of Endodontically Treated Molars Restored with Transfixed Glass Fiber Post: 3D-Finite Element Analysis. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154249. [PMID: 34361443 PMCID: PMC8347937 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of dental structure caused by endodontic treatment is responsible for a decrease in tooth resistance, which increases susceptibility to fracture. Therefore, it is important that minimally invasive treatments be performed to preserve the dental structure and increase the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated posterior teeth. To evaluate under axial loads, using the finite element method, the stress distribution in endodontically treated molars restored with both transfixed or vertical glass fiber posts (GFP) and resin composite. An endodontically treated molar 3D-model was analyzed using finite element analyses under four different conditions, class II resin composite (G1, control model), vertical glass fiber post (G2), transfixed glass fiber posts (G3) and vertical and transfixed glass fiber posts (G4). Ideal contacts were considered between restoration/resin composite and resin composite/tooth. An axial load (300 N) was applied to the occlusal surface. The resulting tensile stresses were calculated for the enamel and dentin tissue from five different viewports (occlusal, buccal, palatal, mesial and distal views). According to the stress maps, similar stress trends were observed, regardless of the glass fiber post treatment. In addition, for the G1 model (without GFP), a high-stress magnitude can be noticed in the proximal faces of enamel (7.7 to 14 MPa) and dentin (2.1 to 3.3 MPa) tissue. The use of transfixed glass fiber post is not indicated to reduce the stresses, under axial loads, in both enamel and dentin tissue in endodontically treated molar with a class II cavity.
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Dental Implant Materials: Current State and Future Perspectives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020371. [PMID: 33466584 PMCID: PMC7828699 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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