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Wood ND, Gillie LJ, Cooke DJ, Molinari M. A Review of Key Properties of Thermoelectric Composites of Polymers and Inorganic Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8672. [PMID: 36500167 PMCID: PMC9738949 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review focusses on the development of thermoelectric composites made of oxide or conventional inorganic materials, and polymers, with specific emphasis on those containing oxides. Discussion of the current state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials, including the individual constituent materials, i.e., conventional materials, oxides and polymers, is firstly presented to provide the reader with a comparison of the top-performing thermoelectric materials. Then, individual materials used in the inorganic/polymer composites are discussed to provide a comparison of the performance of the composites themselves. Finally, the addition of carbon-based compounds is discussed as a route to improving the thermoelectric performance. For each topic discussed, key thermoelectric properties are tabulated and comparative figures are presented for a wide array of materials.
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Wakioka M, Xu K, Taketani T, Ozawa F. Synthesis of head-to-tail regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)s with controlled molecular weight via highly selective direct arylation polymerization (DArP). Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang S, Zuo G, Kim J, Sirringhaus H. Progress of Conjugated Polymers as Emerging Thermoelectric Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nguyen TD, Nguyen VH, Song J, An J, Truong NT, Dang CH, Im C. Molecular Weight-Dependent Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Butyl, Hexyl, and Octyl Side-Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3440. [PMID: 34641255 PMCID: PMC8512356 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of poly-3-alkylthiophenes (P3ATs) with butyl (P3BT), hexyl (P3HT), and octyl (P3OT) side-chains and well-defined molecular weights (MWs) were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization. The MWs of P3HTs and P3OTs obtained via gel permeation chromatography agreed well with the calculated MWs ranging from approximately 10 to 70 kDa. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystalline melting temperature increased with increasing MWs and decreasing alkyl side-chain length, whereas the crystallinity of the P3ATs increased with the growth of MWs. An MW-dependent red shift was observed in the UV-Vis and photoluminiscence spectra of the P3ATs in solution, which might be a strong evidence for the extended effective conjugation occurring in polymers with longer chain lengths. The photoluminescence quantum yields of pristine films in all polymers were lower than those of the diluted solutions, whereas they were higher than those of the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-blended films. The UV-Vis spectra of the films showed fine structures with pronounced red shifts, and the interchain interaction-induced features were weakly dependent on the MW but significantly dependent on the alkyl side-chain length. The photovoltaic device performances of the P3BT and P3HT samples significantly improved upon blending with a fullerene derivative and subsequent annealing, whereas those of P3OTs mostly degraded, particularly after annealing. The optimal power conversion efficiencies of P3BT, P3HT, and P3OT were 2.4%, 3.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, after annealing with MWs of ~11, ~39, and ~38 kDa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Danh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (T.-D.N.); (V.-H.N.); (J.S.); (J.A.); (N.-T.T.)
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29 Street, Thanh Loc Ward, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Van-Hai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (T.-D.N.); (V.-H.N.); (J.S.); (J.A.); (N.-T.T.)
| | - Jongwoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (T.-D.N.); (V.-H.N.); (J.S.); (J.A.); (N.-T.T.)
| | - Jongdeok An
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (T.-D.N.); (V.-H.N.); (J.S.); (J.A.); (N.-T.T.)
| | - Ngoc-Thuan Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (T.-D.N.); (V.-H.N.); (J.S.); (J.A.); (N.-T.T.)
| | - Chi-Hien Dang
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29 Street, Thanh Loc Ward, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Chan Im
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (T.-D.N.); (V.-H.N.); (J.S.); (J.A.); (N.-T.T.)
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Li J, Wang Z, Sun Z, Xu L, Wong WY. Effect of the Linking Group on the Thermoelectric Properties of Poly(Schiff Base)s and Their Metallopolymers. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1911-1917. [PMID: 34081844 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As polymer-based thermoelectric (TE) materials possess attractive features such as light weight, flexibility, low toxicity and ease of processibility, an increasing number of conducting polymers and their composites with high TE performances have been developed in recent years. Up to date, however, the research focusing on the structure-performance relationship remains rare. In this paper, two series of poly(Schiff base)s with either C=C or C≡C linker and their metallopolymers were synthesized and doped with single-walled carbon nanotubes to evaluate how the linking groups affected the TE properties of the resulting composites. Apart from the effect exerted by the morphology, experimental results suggested that the linkers played a key role in determining the band gaps, preferred molecular conformation and extent of conjugation of the polymers, which became key factors that influenced the TE properties of the resulting materials. Additionally, upon coordination with transition metal ions, the TE properties could be tuned readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zelin Sun
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Linli Xu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Mardi S, Yusupov K, Martinez PM, Zakhidov A, Vomiero A, Reale A. Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through the Incorporation of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest and Chemical Treatments. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1073-1082. [PMID: 33490766 PMCID: PMC7818073 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube/polymer composites have recently received considerable attention for thermoelectric (TE) applications. The TE power factor can be significantly improved by forming composites with carbon nanotubes. However, the formation of a uniform and well-ordered nanocomposite film is still challenging because of the creation of agglomerates and the uneven distribution of nanotubes. Here, we developed a facile, efficient, and easy-processable route to produce uniform and aligned nanocomposite films of P3HT and carbon nanotube forest (CNTF). The electrical conductivity of a pristine P3HT film was improved from ∼10-7 to 160 S/cm thanks to the presence of CNTF. Also, a further boost in TE performance was achieved using two additives, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and tert-butylpyridine. By adding the additives to P3HT, the degree of interchain order increased, which facilitated the charge transport through the composite. Under the optimal conditions, the incorporation of CNTF and additives led to values of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor up to rising 92 μV/K, 130 S/cm, and 110 μW/m K2, respectively, at a temperature of 344.15 K. The excellent TE performance of the hybrid films originates from the dramatically increased electrical conductivity and the improved Seebeck coefficient by CNTF and additives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mardi
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar
Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Khabib Yusupov
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 LuleÅ, Sweden
| | - Patricia M. Martinez
- NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anvar Zakhidov
- NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Alberto Vomiero
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 LuleÅ, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’
Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Reale
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar
Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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