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Majewska K, Mroczkowska-Szerszeń M, Letmanowski R, Ryś P, Pudełko W, Dudek M, Zalewska A, Obarski N, Dudek L, Piszcz M, Żukowska GZ, Siekierski M. Structural and Charge Transport Properties of Composites of Phosphate-Silicate Protonic Glass with Uranyl Hydroxy-Phosphate and Hydroxy-Arsenate Obtained by Mechano-Chemical Synthesis Undergoing Hydration Changes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:267. [PMID: 36614605 PMCID: PMC9822067 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the hydrogen economy, despite its obvious technological problems, creates a need for a significant number of niche-focused solutions, such as small-sized (10-100 W) fuel cells able to run on hydrogen of lesser purity than what is considered a standard in the case of PEMFCs. One of the solutions can be derived from the fact that an increase in the operational temperature of a cell significantly decreases its susceptibility to catalyst poisoning. Electrolytes suitable for the so-called medium temperature operational range of 120-400 °C, hence developed, are neither commercialized nor standardized. Among them, phosphate silicate protonically conductive glasses were found not only to reveal interestingly high levels of operational parameters, but also, to exhibit superior chemical and electrochemical stability over their polymeric counterparts. On the other hand, their mechanical properties, including cracking fragility, still need elaboration. Initial studies of the composite phosphate silicate glasses with uranyl-based protonic conductors, presented here, proved their value both in terms of application in fuel cell systems, and in terms of understanding the mechanism governing the charge transport mechanism in these and similar systems. It was found that whereas systems containing 10-20 wt% of the crystalline additive suffer from significant instability, materials containing 45-80 wt% (with an optimum at 60%) should be examined more thoughtfully. Moreover, the uranyl hydrogen phosphate was found to surpass its arsenate counterpart as an interesting self-healing behavior of the phase structure of the derived composite was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Majewska
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Letmanowski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ryś
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pudełko
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Dudek
- Faculty of Fuels and Energy, AGH—University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aldona Zalewska
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Norbert Obarski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Dudek
- Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25a, 30-350 Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Piszcz
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Zofia Żukowska
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Siekierski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Special Issue "Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization and Applications". MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020423. [PMID: 35057140 PMCID: PMC8777994 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Siekierski M, Bukat M, Ciosek M, Piszcz M, Mroczkowska-Szerszeń M. Transference Number Determination in Poor-Dissociated Low Dielectric Constant Lithium and Protonic Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:895. [PMID: 33799483 PMCID: PMC8061776 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the major potential of the development of lithium-based cells is commonly attributed to the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) to replace liquid ones, the possibilities of the improvement of the applicability of the fuel cell is often attributed to the novel electrolytic materials belonging to various structural families. In both cases, the transport properties of the electrolytes significantly affect the operational parameters of the galvanic and fuel cells incorporating them. Amongst them, the transference number (TN) of the electrochemically active species (usually cations) is, on the one hand, one of the most significant descriptors of the resulting cell operational efficiency while on the other, despite many years of investigation, it remains the worst definable and determinable material parameter. The paper delivers not only an extensive review of the development of the TN determination methodology but as well tries to show the physicochemical nature of the discrepancies observed between the values determined using various approaches for the same systems of interest. The provided critical review is supported by some original experimental data gathered for composite polymeric systems incorporating both inorganic and organic dispersed phases. It as well explains the physical sense of the negative transference number values resulting from some more elaborated approaches for highly associated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Siekierski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Bukat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Ciosek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Piszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
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