Negative Effective Mass in Plasmonic Systems II: Elucidating the Optical and Acoustical Branches of Vibrations and the Possibility of Anti-Resonance Propagation

Divergent features of collective gravitational quantum excitations

In this research, we study different aspects of collective gravitational quantum excitations in the framework of the quantum multistream model. The energy dispersion of collective electrostatic (plasmon) and gravitational excitations or as we call gravity quasiparticle (GQ) are derived using the nonrelativistic and relativistic models and many parameters such as the effective mass, phase, and group speed of quasiparticle excitations are studied, in detail. It is shown that, unlike plasmons with a forbidden energy gap, all positive and negative energy values are allowed for GQs. However, unlike plasmon with a dual-tone nature of collective excitations, the GQs are found to be single-tone with either wave-like or particle-like oscillations being strongly damped. The linear phase-space evolution of GQs indicates that they evolve similarly to the classical system of particles in the center of the mass frame in which the force due to self-consistent gravitational potential plays the role of interparticle forces. It is shown that the damping of wavelike or particle-like excitations in GQ energy dispersion leads to three distinct phenomena of gravitational expansion ([Formula: see text]), stable matter ([Formula: see text]) and gravitational collapse ([Formula: see text]), respectively. The Hubble-Lemaitre-like relation is obtained from the generalized probability current for GQs. The quantum gravitational interference effect is also studied.

Smart Materials

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