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Ebbinghaus T, Lang G, Scheibel T. Biomimetic polymer fibers-function by design. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18:041003. [PMID: 37307815 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acddc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomimicry applies the fundamental principles of natural materials, processes, and structures to technological applications. This review presents the two strategies of biomimicry-bottom-up and top-down approaches, using biomimetic polymer fibers and suitable spinning techniques as examples. The bottom-up biomimicry approach helps to acquire fundamental knowledge on biological systems, which can then be leveraged for technological advancements. Within this context, we discuss the spinning of silk and collagen fibers due to their unique natural mechanical properties. To achieve successful biomimicry, it is imperative to carefully adjust the spinning solution and processing parameters. On the other hand, top-down biomimicry aims to solve technological problems by seeking solutions from natural role models. This approach will be illustrated using examples such as spider webs, animal hair, and tissue structures. To contextualize biomimicking approaches in practical applications, this review will give an overview of biomimetic filter technologies, textiles, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebbinghaus
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gregor Lang
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Jia G, Innocent MT, Yu Y, Hu Z, Wang X, Xiang H, Zhu M. Lignin-based carbon fibers: Insight into structural evolution from lignin pretreatment, fiber forming, to pre-oxidation and carbonization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:646-659. [PMID: 36521701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin remains the second abundant source of renewable carbon with an aromatic structure. However, most of the lignin is burnt directly for power generation, with an effective utilization rate of <2 %, making value addition on lignin an urgent requirement. From this perspective, preparation of lignin-based carbon fibers has been widely studied as an effective way to increase value addition on lignin. However, lignin species are diverse and complex in structure, and the pathway that enables changes in lignin structure during pretreatment, fiber formation, stabilization, and carbonization is still uncertain. In this review, we condense the common structural evolution route from the previous studies, which can serve as a guide towards engineered lignin carbon fibers with high performance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mugaanire Tendo Innocent
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xuefen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Nguyen TT, Wu J, Guo M, Du C. Inspired by Skeletal Muscles: Study of the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Derived Lignocellulose-Based Carbon Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8068. [PMID: 36431557 PMCID: PMC9694132 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles exhibit excellent properties due to their well-developed microstructures. Taking inspiration from nature that thick filaments and thin filaments are linked by "cross-bridges", leading to good stability and ion transport performance of muscles. In this work, extracted poplar lignin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were connected by biomimetic covalent bonds, akin to biological muscle tissue, in which isophorone diisocyanate was used as the chemical crosslinking agent. Then, poplar lignin-MCC was mixed with polyacrylonitrile to serve as the precursor for electrospinning. The results show that due to the effective covalent-bond connection, the precursor fibers possess excellent morphology, smooth surface, good thermal stability, and high flexibility and toughness (average elongation-at-break is 51.84%). Therefore, after thermal stabilization and carbonization, derived lignocellulose-based carbon fibers (CFs) with a reduced cost, complete fiber morphology with a uniform diameter (0.48 ± 0.22 μm), and high graphitization degree were obtained. Finally, the electrodes fabrication and electrochemical testing were carried out. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the Rs and Rct values of CFs supercapacitors are 1.18 Ω and 0.14 Ω, respectively. Results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) suggest that these CFs demonstrate great application potential in electrochemical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yueting Wu
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Tat Thang Nguyen
- College of Wood Industry and Interior Design, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi 156220, Vietnam
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Minghui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunhua Du
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-Doctoral Mobile Research Station, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
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On the structural changes, mechanism and kinetics of stabilization of lignin blended polyacrylonitrile copolymer fiber. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Satoh R, Morinaga T, Sato T. Novel Dry Spinning Process of Natural Macromolecules for Sustainable Fiber Material -1- Proof of the Concept Using Silk Fibroin. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124195. [PMID: 35744251 PMCID: PMC9228536 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Researchers around the world are developing technologies to minimize carbon dioxide emissions or carbon neutrality in various fields. In this study, the dry spinning of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was achieved as a proof of concept for a process using ionic liquids as dissolution aids and plasticizers in developing natural polymeric materials. A dry spinning equipment system combining a stainless-steel syringe and a brushless motor was built to generate fiber compacts from a dope of silk fibroin obtained by degumming silkworm silk cocoons and ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([HMIM][Cl]) according to a general method. The maximum stress and maximum elongation of the RSF fibers were 159.9 MPa and 31.5%, respectively. RSF fibers containing ionic liquids have a homogeneous internal structure according to morphological investigations. Elemental analysis of fiber cross sections revealed the homogeneous distribution of nonvolatile ionic liquid [HMIM][Cl] in RSF fibers. Furthermore, the removal of ionic liquids from RSF fibers through impregnation washing with organic solvents was verified to enhance industrial applications. Tensile testing showed that the fiber strength could be maintained even after removing the ionic liquid. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the organic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol is chemically coordinated to silk fibroin and, as a natural polymer, can withstand heat up to 250 °C.
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Effect of Carbon Fiber Surface Microstructure on Composite Interfacial Property Based on Image Quantitative Characterization Technique. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216367. [PMID: 34771893 PMCID: PMC8585469 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surface roughness (Ra) and composite interfacial property of carbon fiber (CF) are considered to be mainly affected by the microstructure of the CF surface. However, quantitative characterization of the CF surface microstructure is always a difficulty. How the CF surface microstructure affects the interfacial property of CF composites is not entirely clear. A quantitative characterization technique based on images was established to calculate the cross-section perimeter and area of five types of CFs, as well as the number (N), width (W) and depth (D) of grooves on these CF surfaces. The CF composite interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was tested by the micro-droplet debonding test and modified by the realistic perimeter. The relationship between the groove structure parameter and the Ra, specific surface area and composite interfacial property was discussed in this article. The results indicated that the CF cross-section perimeter calculated by this technique showed strong consistency with the CF specific surface area and composite interfacial property. At last, the composite interface bonding mechanism based on defect capture was put forward. This mechanism can be a guiding principle for CF surface modification and help researchers better understand and establish interface bonding theories.
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Jin Y, Lin J, Cheng Y, Lu C. Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3378. [PMID: 34207222 PMCID: PMC8234621 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin's spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiaxian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Understanding the Coupling Effect between Lignin and Polybutadiene Elastomer. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From an environmental and economic viewpoint, it is a win–win strategy to use materials obtained from renewable resources for the production of high-performance elastomer composites. Lignin, being a renewable biomass, was employed as a functional filler material to obtain an elastomer composite with a higher degree of mechanical performance. In the presence of a suitable coupling agent, an elevated temperature was preferred for the reactive mixing of lignin with polybutadiene rubber (BR). It is quite fascinating that the mechanical performance of this composite was comparable with carbon black-filled composites. The extraordinary reinforcing behavior of lignin in the BR matrix was understood by an available model of rubber reinforcement. In rubber composite preparation, the interfacial interaction between polybutadiene rubber and lignin in the presence of a coupling agent enabled the efficient dispersion of lignin into the rubber matrix, which is responsible for the excellent mechanical properties of the rubber composites. The rubber composites thus obtained may lead to the development of a sustainable and cost-effective end product with reliable performance. This novel approach could be implemented in other type of elastomeric materials, enabling a genuine pathway toward a sustainable globe.
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Li J, Yu Y, Li H, Liu Y. Polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers: Spinning technology dependent precursor fiber structure and its successive transformation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuxiu Yu
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
| | - Haojie Li
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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