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Juszkiewicz A, Maciejewska M. Tea Grounds as a Waste Biofiller for Natural Rubber. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1516. [PMID: 38612031 PMCID: PMC11012830 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the utilization of ground tea waste (GT) left after brewing black tea as a biofiller in natural rubber (NR) composites. Ionic liquids (ILs), i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate and 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, often used to extract phytochemicals from tea, were applied to improve the dispersibility of GT particles in the elastomeric matrix. The influence of GT loading and ILs on curing characteristics, crosslink density, mechanical properties, thermal stability and resistance of NR composites to thermo-oxidative aging was investigated. The amount of GT did not significantly affect curing characteristics and crosslink density of NR composites, but had serious impact on tensile properties. Applying 10 phr of GT improved the tensile strength by 40% compared to unfilled NR. Further increasing GT content worsened the tensile strength due to the agglomeration of biofiller in the elastomer matrix. ILs significantly improved the dispersion of GT particles in the elastomer and increased the crosslink density by 20% compared to the benchmark. Owing to the poor thermal stability of pure GT, it reduced the thermal stability of vulcanizates compared to unfilled NR. Above all, GT-filled NR exhibited enhanced resistance to thermo-oxidation since the aging factor increased by 25% compared to the unfilled vulcanizate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
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Zhao W, Dufresne A, Li A, An H, Shen C, Yu P, Jiang X, Wang R, Zhang L. Use of lignin-based crude carbon dots as effective antioxidant for natural rubber. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126594. [PMID: 37660862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Rubber is widely recognized as an important material, whose irreplaceable applications range from damping materials to tires. Generally, rubber is vulnerable to oxidative degradation, leading to a deterioration in the material's performance. Therefore, antioxidants are often added to extend the service life of rubber. In this study, crude lignin-based carbon dots (CLCDs) were prepared by a simple hydrothermal treatment of lignin with H2O2 and triethylenetetramine. The thus prepared CLCDs exhibit excellent radical scavenging capability, and were incorporated into natural rubber with vinyl pyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymer (VPR) as coupling agent. The results revealed that CLCDs could endow NR with excellent antioxidative performance. Interestingly, CLCDs even show superior antioxidant effect towards rubber compared to purified lignin-based carbon dots (PLCDs). This work provides a unique source of inspiration for the preparation of low-cost, highly effective CLCDs from plant biomass waste, most of lignin being used to produce steam and energy, with excellent antioxidant capability for rubber, which is beneficial for a green and sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ante Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Hang An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chenxi Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Xueliang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Runguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Thomas J, Patil R. The Road to Sustainable Tire Materials: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2209-2216. [PMID: 36723433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of a 100% sustainable tire has emerged as a milestone for several tire companies across the globe. It has created new commercial opportunities for the biobased, renewable, and recycled polymer materials. However, there are concerns that the incorporation of such sustainable new materials may have an undesirable impact on the main performance properties of the tire. At the same time, with new capabilities and product innovations, it can help us meet society's need in a more sustainable fashion and protect the environment. This Feature first outlines the opportunities and need for sustainable tire materials. Next, it describes the main types of sustainable material attributes in tire material, elastomers, reinforcing agents, fibers, and plasticizers, among a few others. The challenges to achieving the performance properties are discussed with possible design guidelines. Recent approaches to the tire attributes are described in the form of a meticulous overview of the existing literature, with a critical analysis of some of them. This contribution attempts to highlight, in a comprehensive way, sustainable tire materials on the basis of recent research advancements, existing challenges, and prospective future scope in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomin Thomas
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Renuka Patil
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Recent progress in the rubber antioxidants: a review. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Chen Y, Cheng S, Dai J, Wang L, Xu Y, Peng X, Xie X, Peng C. Molecular mechanisms and applications of tea polyphenols: A narrative review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13910. [PMID: 34426979 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tea is a worldwide popular drink with high nutritional and medicinal values as it is rich in nutrients, such as polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, glycosides, and so on. Among them, tea polyphenols (TPs) are the current research hotspot. TPs are known to have multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, lowering lipid, and liver protection. By reviewing a large number of literatures, we explained the mechanism of TPs exerting biological activity and a wide range of applications. We also discussed the deficiencies and development potential of TPs, in order to provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the subsequent development and utilization of TPs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We summarized the bioactivity mechanisms of TPs in anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and liver protection, focused on its application fields in food and medicine, and discussed the deficiency and development potential of current research on TPs, so as to provide a certain convenient way for scholars studying TPs. It is expected to contribute to the subsequent discovery of biological activity and the broadening of the field of TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Cheng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangang Dai
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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