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Ashrafi AM, Mukherjee A, Saadati A, Matysik FM, Richtera L, Adam V. Enhancing the substrate selectivity of enzyme mimetics in biosensing and bioassay: Novel approaches. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103233. [PMID: 38924801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A substantial development in nanoscale materials possessing catalytic activities comparable with natural enzymes has been accomplished. Their advantages were owing to the excellent sturdiness in an extreme environment, possibilities of their large-scale production resulting in higher profitability, and easy manipulation for modification. Despite these advantages, the main challenge for artificial enzyme mimetics is the lack of substrate selectivity where natural enzymes flourish. This review addresses this vital problem by introducing substrate selectivity strategies to three classes of artificial enzymes: molecularly imprinted polymers, nanozymes (NZs), and DNAzymes. These rationally designed strategies enhance the substrate selectivity and are discussed and exemplified throughout the review. Various functional mechanisms associated with applying enzyme mimetics in biosensing and bioassays are also given. Eventually, future directives toward enhancing the substrate selectivity of biomimetics and related challenges are discussed and evaluated based on their efficiency and convenience in biosensing and bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Atripan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnici 835, 252 41 Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic.
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Liu S, Su J, Xie X, Huang R, Li H, Luo R, Li J, Liu X, He J, Huang Y, Wu P. Detection of methyltransferase activity and inhibitor screening based on rGO-mediated silver enhancement signal amplification strategy. Anal Biochem 2023:115207. [PMID: 37290576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation refers to the chemical modification process of obtaining a methyl group by the covalent bonding of a specific base in DNA sequence with S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor under the catalysis of methyltransferase (MTase), which is related to the occurrence of multiple diseases. Therefore, the detection of MTase activity is of great significance for disease diagnosis and drug screening. Because reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has a unique planar structure and remarkable catalytic performance, it is not clear whether rGO can rapidly catalyze silver deposition as an effective way of signal amplification. However, in this study, we were pleasantly surprised to find that using H2O2 as a reducing agent, rGO can rapidly catalyze silver deposition, and its catalytic efficiency of silver deposition is significantly better than that of GO. Therefore, based on further verifying the mechanism of catalytic properties of rGO, we constructed a novel electrochemical biosensor (rGO/silver biosensor) for the detection of dam MTase activity, which has high selectivity and sensitivity to MTase in the range of 0.1 U/mL to 10.0 U/mL, and the detection limit is as low as 0.07 U/mL. Besides, this study also used Gentamicin and 5-Fluorouracil as inhibitor models, confirming that the biosensor has a good application prospect in the high-throughput screening of dam MTase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xixiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Rongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Haiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ruiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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3
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An Y, Yu Z, Liu D, Han L, Zhang X, Xin X, Li C. HpaII-assisted and linear amplification-enhanced isothermal exponential amplification fluorescent strategy for rapid and sensitive detection of DNA methyltransferase activity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2271-2280. [PMID: 36961574 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The detection of methyltransferase (MTase) activity is of great significance in methylation-related disease diagnosis and drug screening. Herein, a HpaII-assisted and linear amplification-enhanced exponential amplification strategy is proposed for sensitive and label-free detection of M.SssI MTase activity. The P1 probe contains self-complementary sequence 5'-CTAGCCGGCTAG-3' at 3'-terminal. After denaturation and annealing, P1 probes hybridize with itself to generate P1 duplexes. M.SssI MTase induces methylation of cytosine at 5'-CG-3' in P1 duplexes, and thus, HpaII fails to cleave at 5'-CCGG-3' due to methylation sensitivity, leaving P1 duplex intact. Then, these intact P1 duplexes are extended along 3'-terminal through Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase to generate dsDNA, which is recognized and nicked at the recognition sites by Nt.BstNBI, releasing two copies of primer X. Primer X hybridizes with X' at the amplification template T1 (X'-Y'-X') and then serves as primers to trigger the exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR). The point of inflection (POI) values of real-time fluorescence curves is linearly correlated with the logarithm of M.SssI MTase concentration in the range of 0.125 [Formula: see text] 8 U mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.034 U mL-1. In the absence of M.SssI, P1 duplexes are cut by HpaII and separated into ssDNA under the executed temperature of EXPAR and thus unable to trigger the amplification. The strategy provides good selectivity against other types of MTases and protein and is able to detect M.SssI activity in human serum. Furthermore, the analytical method has the generality and can be extended to the analysis of other types of DNA MTases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian An
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
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Ashrafi AM, Bytešníková Z, Cané C, Richtera L, Vallejos S. New trends in methyl salicylate sensing and their implications in agriculture. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115008. [PMID: 36577177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSal) is an organic compound present in plants during stress events and is therefore a key marker for early plant disease detection. It has usually been detected by conventional methods that require bulky and costly equipment, such as gas chromatography or mass spectrometry. Currently, however, chemical sensors provide an alternative for MeSal monitoring, showing good performance for its determination in the vapour or liquid phase. The most promising concepts used in MeSal determination include sensors based on electrochemical and conductometric principles, although other technologies based on mass-sensitive, microwave, or spectrophotometric principles also show promise. The receptor elements or sensitive materials are shown to be part of the key elements in these sensing technologies. A literature survey identified a significant contribution of bioreceptors, including enzymes, odourant-binding proteins or peptides, as well as receptors based on polymers or inorganic materials in MeSal determination. This work reviews these concepts and materials and discusses their future prospects and limitations for application in plant health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Bytešníková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C Cané
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Vallejos
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hashem A, Hossain MAM, Marlinda AR, Mamun MA, Simarani K, Johan MR. Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1458-1472. [PMID: 36570614 PMCID: PMC9749552 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Southeast Asian box turtle, Cuora amboinensis, is an ecologically important endangered species which needs an onsite monitoring device to protect it from extinction. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was developed to detect the C. amboinensis mitochondrial cytochrome b gene based on an in silico designed probe using bioinformatics tools, and it was also validated in wet-lab experiments. As a detection platform, a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) enhanced with a nanocomposite containing gold nanoparticles and graphene was used. The morphology of the nanoparticles was analysed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and structural characteristics were analysed by using energy-dispersive X-ray, UV-vis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The thiol-modified synthetic DNA probe was immobilised on modified SPCEs to facilitate hybridisation with the reverse complementary DNA. The turtle DNA was distinguished based on hybridisation-induced electrochemical change in the presence of methylene blue compared to their mismatches, noncomplementary, and nontarget species DNA measured by DPV. The developed biosensor exhibited a selective response towards reverse complementary DNAs and was able to discriminate turtles from other species. The modified electrode displayed good linearity for reverse complementary DNAs in the range of 1 × 10-11-5 × 10-6 M with a limit of detection of 0.85 × 10-12 M. This indicates that the proposed biosensor has the potential to be applied for the detection of real turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hashem
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
| | - M A Motalib Hossain
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ab Rahman Marlinda
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Al Mamun
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | - Khanom Simarani
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hashem A, Marlinda AR, Hossain MAM, Al Mamun M, Shalauddin M, Simarani K, Johan MR. A Unique Oligonucleotide Probe Hybrid on Graphene Decorated Gold Nanoparticles Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Pork Meat Adulteration. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ozkan-Ariksoysal D. Current Perspectives in Graphene Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080607. [PMID: 36005004 PMCID: PMC9405788 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the first commercial biosensor device for blood glucose measurement was introduced in the 1970s, many “biosensor types” have been developed, and this research area remains popular worldwide. In parallel with some global biosensor research reports published in the last decade, including a great deal of literature and industry statistics, it is predicted that biosensor design technologies, including handheld or wearable devices, will be preferred and highly valuable in many areas in the near future. Biosensors using nanoparticles still maintain their very important place in science and technology and are the subject of innovative research projects. Among the nanomaterials, carbon-based ones are considered to be one of the most valuable nanoparticles, especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors. In this context, graphene oxide, which has been used in recent years to increase the electrochemical analysis performance in biosensor designs, has been the subject of this review. In fact, graphene is already foreseen not only for biosensors but also as the nanomaterial of the future in many fields and is therefore drawing research attention. In this review, recent and prominent developments in biosensor technologies using graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials in the field of cancer diagnosis are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsat Ozkan-Ariksoysal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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Rajesh M, Yan WM, Yen YK. Solvothermal synthesis of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride/tungsten oxide nanocomposite: a robust electrochemical scaffold for selective determination of dopamine and uric acid. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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A Fluorescence Kinetic-Based Aptasensor Employing Stilbene Isomerization for Detection of Thrombin. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226927. [PMID: 34832326 PMCID: PMC8624160 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is important to detect thrombin due to its physiological and pathological roles, where rapid and simple analytical approaches are needed. In this study, an aptasensor based on fluorescence attenuation kinetics for the detection of thrombin is presented, which incorporates the features of stilbene and aptamer. We designed and synthesized an aptasensor by one-step coupling of stilbene compound and aptamer, which employed the adaptive binding of the aptamer with thrombin to cause a change in stilbene fluorescence attenuation kinetics. The sensor realized detection of thrombin by monitoring the variation in apparent fluorescence attenuation rate constant (kapp), which could be further used for probing of enzyme–aptamer binding. In comprehensive studies, the developed aptasensor presented satisfactory performance on repeatability, specificity, and regeneration capacity, which realized rapid sensing (10 s) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.205 μM. The strategy was successful across seven variants of thrombin aptasensors, with tunable kapp depending on the SITS (4-Acetamido-4′-isothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate) grafting site. Analyte detection mode was demonstrated in diluted serum, requiring no separation or washing steps. The new sensing mode for thrombin detection paves a way for high-throughput kinetic-based sensors for exploiting aptamers targeted at clinically relevant proteins.
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Martisova A, Holcakova J, Izadi N, Sebuyoya R, Hrstka R, Bartosik M. DNA Methylation in Solid Tumors: Functions and Methods of Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084247. [PMID: 33921911 PMCID: PMC8073724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, i.e., addition of methyl group to 5′-carbon of cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides, is an important epigenetic modification regulating gene expression, and thus implied in many cellular processes. Deregulation of DNA methylation is strongly associated with onset of various diseases, including cancer. Here, we review how DNA methylation affects carcinogenesis process and give examples of solid tumors where aberrant DNA methylation is often present. We explain principles of methods developed for DNA methylation analysis at both single gene and whole genome level, based on (i) sodium bisulfite conversion, (ii) methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, and (iii) interactions of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) with methyl-binding proteins or antibodies against 5mC. In addition to standard methods, we describe recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies applied to DNA methylation analysis, as well as in development of biosensors that represent their cheaper and faster alternatives. Most importantly, we highlight not only advantages, but also disadvantages and challenges of each method.
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Suhito IR, Koo KM, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Biomolecules and Whole Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 33375330 PMCID: PMC7824644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are considered an auspicious tool to detect biomolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins, and lipids), which are valuable sources for the early diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Advances in electrochemical sensing platforms have enabled the development of a new type of biosensor, enabling label-free, non-destructive detection of viability, function, and the genetic signature of whole cells. Numerous studies have attempted to enhance both the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors, which are the most critical parameters for assessing sensor performance. Various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been used to improve the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic properties of working electrodes, increasing sensor sensitivity. Further modifications have been implemented to advance sensor platform selectivity and biocompatibility using biomaterials such as antibodies, aptamers, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and peptide composites. This paper summarizes recent electrochemical sensors designed to detect target biomolecules and animal cells (cancer cells and stem cells). We hope that this review will inspire researchers to increase their efforts to accelerate biosensor progress-enabling a prosperous future in regenerative medicine and the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Rosalina Suhito
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
| | - Kyeong-Mo Koo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
- Integrative Research Center for Two-Dimensional Functional Materials, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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