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Mysore Ramesha B, Pawlak B, Arenas Esteban D, Reekmans G, Bals S, Marchal W, Carleer R, Adriaensens P, Meynen V. Partial Hydrolysis of Diphosphonate Ester During the Formation of Hybrid TiO 2 Nanoparticles: Role of Acid Concentration. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300437. [PMID: 37669423 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester linker during the synthesis of hybrid (organic-inorganic) TiO2 nanoparticles is important when forming porous hybrid organic-inorganic metal phosphonates. In the present work, a method was utilized to control the in-situ partial hydrolysis of diphosphonate ester in the presence of a titania precursor as a function of acid content, and its impact on the hybrid nanoparticles was assessed. Organodiphosphonate esters, and more specific, their hydrolysis degree during the formation of hybrid organic-inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles, are relatively under explored as linkers. Here, a detailed analysis on the hydrolysis of tetraethyl propylene diphosphonate ester (TEPD) as diphosphonate linker to produce hybrid TiO2 nanoparticles is discussed as a function of acid content. Quantitative solution NMR spectroscopy revealed that during the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles, an increase in acid concentration introduces a higher degree of partial hydrolysis of the TEPD linker into diverse acid/ester derivatives of TEPD. Increasing the HCl/Ti ratio from 1 to 3, resulted in an increase in degree of partial hydrolysis of the TEPD linker in solution from 4 % to 18.8 % under the applied conditions. As a result of the difference in partial hydrolysis, the linker-TiO2 bonding was altered. Upon subsequent drying of the colloidal TiO2 solution, different textures, at nanoscale and macroscopic scale, were obtained dependent on the HCl/Ti ratio and thus the degree of hydrolysis of TEPD. Understanding such linker-TiO2 nanoparticle surface dynamics is crucial for making hybrid organic-inorganic materials (i. e. (porous) metal phosphonates) employed in applications such as electronic/photonic devices, separation technology and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharadwaj Mysore Ramesha
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bram Pawlak
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), University of Hasselt, Agoralaan 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Daniel Arenas Esteban
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gunter Reekmans
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), University of Hasselt, Agoralaan 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Marchal
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), University of Hasselt, Agoralaan 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), University of Hasselt, Agoralaan 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), University of Hasselt, Agoralaan 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Vera Meynen
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
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Huynh RPS, Evans DR, Lian JX, Spasyuk D, Siahrostrami S, Shimizu GKH. Creating Order in Ultrastable Phosphonate Metal-Organic Frameworks via Isolable Hydrogen-Bonded Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21263-21272. [PMID: 37738111 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The stability presented by trivalent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) makes them an attractive class of materials. With phosphonate-based ligands, crystallization is a challenge, as there are significantly more binding motifs that can be adopted due to the extra oxygen tether compared to carboxylate counterparts and the self-assembly processes are less reversible. Despite this, we have reported charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs) consisting of [Cr(H2O)6]3+ and phosphonate ligands, which were crystallographically characterized. We sought to use these HMOFs as a crystalline intermediate to synthesize ordered Cr(III)-phosphonate MOFs. This can be done by dehydrating the HMOF to remove the aquo ligands around the Cr(III) center, forcing metal-phosphonate coordination. Herein, a new porous HMOF, H-CALF-50, is synthesized and then dehydrated to yield the MOF CALF-50. CALF-50 is ordered, although it is not single crystalline. It does, however, have exceptional stability, maintaining crystallinity and surface area after boiling in water for 3 weeks and soaking in 14.5 M H3PO4 for 24 h and 9 M HCl for 72 h. Computational methods are used to study the HMOF to MOF transformation and give insight into the nature of the structure and the degree of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal P S Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David R Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jian Xiang Lian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Samira Siahrostrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Glavinović M, Perras JH, Gelfand BS, Lin J, Shimizu GKH. Orthogonalization of Polyaryl Linkers as a Route to More Porous Phosphonate Metal‐Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200874. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glavinović
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Justin H. Perras
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jian‐Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - George K. H. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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Mohanty RI, Pradhan L, Chongdar S, Basu S, Bhanja P, Jena BK. Newly designed microporous organic-inorganic hybrid cobalt phosphonate for hydrogen evolution reaction. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chongdar S, Bhattacharjee S, Bhanja P, Bhaumik A. Porous organic-inorganic hybrid materials for catalysis, energy and environmental applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3429-3460. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of organic functionalities into the porous inorganic materials make the resulting hybrid porous framework not only more flexible and hydrophobic, but also provide additional scope for further functionalization, which...
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