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Bissen A, Yunussova N, Myrkhiyeva Z, Salken A, Tosi D, Bekmurzayeva A. Unpacking the packaged optical fiber bio-sensors: understanding the obstacle for biomedical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1401613. [PMID: 39144482 PMCID: PMC11322460 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1401613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A biosensor is a promising alternative tool for the detection of clinically relevant analytes. Optical fiber as a transducer element in biosensors offers low cost, biocompatibility, and lack of electromagnetic interference. Moreover, due to the miniature size of optical fibers, they have the potential to be used in microfluidic chips and in vivo applications. The number of optical fiber biosensors are extensively growing: they have been developed to detect different analytes ranging from small molecules to whole cells. Yet the widespread applications of optical fiber biosensor have been hindered; one of the reasons is the lack of suitable packaging for their real-life application. In order to translate optical fiber biosensors into clinical practice, a proper embedding of biosensors into medical devices or portable chips is often required. A proper packaging approach is frequently as challenging as the sensor architecture itself. Therefore, this review aims to give an unpack different aspects of the integration of optical fiber biosensors into packaging platforms to bring them closer to actual clinical use. Particularly, the paper discusses how optical fiber sensors are integrated into flow cells, organized into microfluidic chips, inserted into catheters, or otherwise encased in medical devices to meet requirements of the prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidana Bissen
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nigara Yunussova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhuldyz Myrkhiyeva
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Daniele Tosi
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Effects of Ion Cyclotron Frequencies on Human Resistance and Reactance in 31 Healthy Subjects. RADIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation2040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to test the theory of Brizhik et al. about the dynamic allocation of acupuncture meridians on human body and their role as hydric paths for solitons, we tested the effect of both acupuncture and exposure to extremely low frequencies (ELF) tuned with suitable ion cyclotron frequencies. The similarity of the effects, inducing variations of body impedance measured in well-known acupuncture points, up to the interchangeability and the synergy of the two treatments, the mechanic and the electromagnetic ones, turns to be evidence of the validity of the theory. Resistance and reactance variations have been detected in a group of 31 healthy volunteers before and after stimulation with a standard sequence of cyclotron frequencies, emitted from an innovative electromagnetic therapy (EMT) device. These variations were then compared with the variations produced by the well-known percutaneous stimuli of mechanical and piezoelectric nature, and, in particular in this work, acupuncture. Our results show that the observed variations can be considered as significant in both groups: cyclotron and acupuncture. The greater variations brought about by the cyclotron treatment stand out clearly.
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Temperature Field Measurement of Photovoltaic Module Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155324. [PMID: 35955257 PMCID: PMC9369540 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Studying the temperature field of photovoltaic modules is important for improving their power generation efficiency. To solve the problem of traditional sensors being unsuitable for measuring the spatial temperature field, we designed a real-time detection scheme of the photovoltaic module temperature field based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array. In this scheme, wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies were applied. The multi-channel FBG sensor strings were arranged on the surface and in the near field of the photovoltaic module. Different FBG strings were selected through optical switches, and the wavelength of the FBG string was addressed and demodulated using the tunable laser method and a peak-seeking algorithm. A measurement experiment of the photovoltaic module temperature field was carried out in an outdoor environment. The experimental results showed that the fluctuation law of the photovoltaic module surface and near-field temperature is basically consistent with that of solar radiation power. The temperature of the photovoltaic module decayed from the surface to space. Within 6 mm of the photovoltaic module surface, the temperature sharply dropped, and then the downward trend became flat. The lower the solar radiation power and the higher the wind speed, the faster the temperature decay. This method provides technical support for measuring the temperature field of a photovoltaic module and other heat source equipment.
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Zhao N, Zhang Z, Lin Q, Yao K, Zhu L, Chen Y, Zhao L, Tian B, Yang P, Jiang Z. Research on the High Temperature and High Pressure Gold-Plated Fiber Grating Dual-Parameter Sensing Measurement System. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020195. [PMID: 35208319 PMCID: PMC8880381 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In electrohydrostatic drive actuators, there is a demand for temperature and pressure monitoring in complex environments. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has become a promising sensor for measuring temperature and pressure. However, there is a cross-sensitivity between temperature and pressure. A gold-plated FBG is proposed and manufactured, and an FBG is used as a reference grating to form a parallel all-fiber sensing system, which can realize the simultaneous measurement of pressure and temperature. Based on the simulation software, the mechanical distribution of the pressure diaphragm is analyzed, and the fixation scheme of the sensor is determined. Using the demodulator to monitor the changes in the reflectance spectrum in real-time, the pressure and ambient temperature applied to the sensor are measured. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of gold-plated FBG is 3 times that of quartz FBG, which can effectively distinguish the temperature changes. The pressure response sensitivity of gold-plated FBG is 0.3 nm/MPa, which is same as the quartz FBG. Through the sensitivity matrix equation, the temperature and pressure dual-parameter sensing measurement is realized. The accuracy of the temperature and pressure measurement is 97.7% and 99.0%, and the corresponding response rates are 2.7 ms/°C and 2 ms/MPa, respectively. The sensor has a simple structure and high sensitivity, and it is promising to be applied in health monitoring in complex environments with a high temperature and high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qijing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Kun Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Liangquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710038, China;
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Bian Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.T.); (P.Y.); (Z.J.)
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Niu H, Chen W, Liu Y, Jin X, Li X, Peng F, Geng T, Zhang S, Sun W. Strain, bending, refractive index independent temperature sensor based on a graded index multimode fiber embedded long period fiber grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:22922-22930. [PMID: 34614569 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel embedded ultra-long period fiber grating (EULPFG) based on a graded index multimode fiber (GI-MMF) is proposed for temperature measurement. Due to the small RI difference of the modes near the GI-MMF self-imaging point, the resonant peak of transmission spectrum is wavelength-insensitive to refractive index (RI), strain and bending. However, the sensor is sensitive to temperature. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the EULPFG is 90.77 pm/°C. The sensitivities of other physical parameters are suppressed, and the suppressed sensitivities are at least one order of magnitude less than those of similar sensors. The EULPFG with anti-interference from other parameters is expected to be used in ocean monitoring systems to measure the temperature of the seawater.
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