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Fydrych D, Tomków J. Underwater Processing of Materials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144902. [PMID: 35888369 PMCID: PMC9321041 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arsić D, Lazić V, Nikolić RR, Sczygiol N, Krstić B, Ivković D, Hadzima B, Pastorek F, Ulewicz R. Weldability Assessment of Various Steels by Hard-Facing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093082. [PMID: 35591418 PMCID: PMC9102784 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two aspects of various steels’ weldability are considered in this article. The theoretical part presents general concepts related to steel’s weldability and the application of the most important methods for its determination. In the experimental section, results of the hard-facing application to several samples are presented, and consist of hardness measurements in the different zones of the welded samples, with the evaluation of those zones’ microstructures. The tested materials included two carbon steels and two alloyed steels, with hard-facing layers deposited by various filler metals. Experimental results were compared to results obtained by calculations; using both, authors were able to conclude which combination of filler metal, welding procedure and, if necessary, heat treatment, would achieve the optimal improvement of weldability in welding/hard-facing of each of the tested base metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Arsić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Vukić Lazić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Ružica R. Nikolić
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (B.H.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Norbert Sczygiol
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42201 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Božidar Krstić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Djordje Ivković
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.A.); (V.L.); (B.K.); (D.I.)
| | - Branislav Hadzima
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (B.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Pastorek
- Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (B.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Robert Ulewicz
- Department of Production Engineering and Safety, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42201 Czestochowa, Poland;
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Ali L, Khan S, Iqbal N, Bashmal S, Hameed H, Bai Y. An Experimental Study of Damage Detection on Typical Joints of Jackets Platform Based on Electro-Mechanical Impedance Technique. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237168. [PMID: 34885333 PMCID: PMC8658195 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many methods have been used in the past two decades to detect crack damage in steel joints of the offshore structures, but the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method is a comparatively recent non-destructive method that can be used for quality monitoring of the weld in structural steel joints. The EMI method ensures the direct assessment, analysis and particularly the recognition of structural dynamics by acquiring its EM admittance signatures. This research paper first briefly introduces the theoretical background of the EMI method, followed by carrying out the experimental work in which damage in the form of a crack is simulated by using an impedance analyser at different distances. The EMI technique is used to identify the existence of damage in the welded steel joints of offshore steel jacket structures, and Q345B steel was chosen as the material for test in the present study. Sub-millimetre cracks were found in four typical welded steel joints on the jacket platform under circulating loads, and root average variance was used to assess the extent of the crack damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Ali
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.A.); (H.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Energy and Geo Processing, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Salem Bashmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Hameed
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.A.); (H.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yong Bai
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.A.); (H.H.); (Y.B.)
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Skowrońska B, Chmielewski T, Kulczyk M, Skiba J, Przybysz S. Microstructural Investigation of a Friction-Welded 316L Stainless Steel with Ultrafine-Grained Structure Obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1537. [PMID: 33801045 PMCID: PMC8003992 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the microstructural investigation of a friction-welded joint made of 316L stainless steel with an ultrafine-grained structure obtained by hydrostatic extrusion (HE). Such a plastically deformed material is characterized by a metastable state of energy equilibrium, increasing, among others, its sensitivity to high temperatures. This feature makes it difficult to weld ultra-fine-grained metals without losing their high mechanical properties. The use of high-speed friction welding and a friction time of <1 s reduced the scale of the weakening of the friction joint in relation to result obtained in conventional rotary friction welding. The study of changes in the microstructure of individual zones of the friction joint was carried out on an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis system. The correlation between the microstructure and hardness of the friction joint is also presented. The heat released during the high-speed friction welding initiated the process of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of single grains in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The additional occurrence of strong plastic deformations (in HAZ) during flash formation and internal friction (in the friction weld and high-temperature HAZ) contributed to the formation of a highly deformed microstructure with numerous sub-grains. The zones with a microstructure other than the base material were characterized by lower hardness. Due to the complexity of the microstructure and its multifactorial impact on the properties of the friction-welded joint, strength should be the criterion for assessing the properties of the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Skowrońska
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Chmielewski
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kulczyk
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Unipress), Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Jacek Skiba
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Unipress), Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Sylwia Przybysz
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Unipress), Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.P.)
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