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Hermadianti SA, Handayani M, Anggoro MA, Ristiana DD, Anshori I, Esmawan A, Rahmayanti YD, Suhandi A, Timuda GE, Sunnardianto GK, Widagdo BW, Ermawati FU. Flower like-novel nanocomposite of Mg(Ti 0.99Sn 0.01)O 3decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with high capacitive behavior as supercapacitor electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:255702. [PMID: 38295407 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, ceramic materials of Mg(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3were synthesized and decorated on reduced graphene oxide, forming a nanocomposite of rGO/Mg(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3(rGO/MTS001). The successful synthesis results were confirmed by XRD, UV-vis analysis, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS. The MTS001 has a flower-like morphology from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the nanocomposites of rGO/MTS001 showed MTS001 particles decorated on the rGO's surface. The electrochemical performance of rGO/MTS001 and MTS001 was investigated by determining the specific capacitance obtained in 1 M H2SO4solution by cyclic voltammetry, followed by galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis using a three-electrode setup. The rGO/MTS001 achieved a specific capacitance of 361.97 F g‒1, compared to MTS001 (194.90 F g‒1). The capacitance retention of rGO/MTS001 nanocomposite also depicted excellent cyclic stability of 95.72% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g‒1. The result showed that the nanocomposite of ceramics with graphene materials has a potential for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syadza Aisyah Hermadianti
- Department of Nanotechnology, Graduate School, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Murni Handayani
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pamulang University (UNPAM), Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15417, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Aulia Anggoro
- Department of Nanotechnology, Graduate School, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Desinta Dwi Ristiana
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isa Anshori
- School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Agung Esmawan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yosephin Dewiani Rahmayanti
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Andi Suhandi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Gerald Ensang Timuda
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Gagus Ketut Sunnardianto
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Quantum Technology 2.0, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Wisnu Widagdo
- Department of Informatic Engineering, Pamulang University, Tangerang Selatan, 15310, Indonesia
| | - Frida Ulfah Ermawati
- Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60213, Indonesia
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Cai J, Yuan Y, Xi X, Ukrainczyk N, Pan L, Wang Y, Pan J. Unveiling the Remarkable Potential of Geopolymer-Based Materials by Harnessing Manganese Dioxide Incorporation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305360. [PMID: 37786291 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) building materials have the potential to revolutionize sustainable architecture by converting temperature differences into electrical energy. This study introduces geopolymeric TE materials enhanced with manganese dioxide (MnO2 ) as a modifying agent. Calorimetric experiments examine the impact of MnO2 on geopolymerization. Mechanical tests show that adding MnO2 (up to 5% by weight) improves the geopolymer composite's strength, achieving a peak compressive strength of 36.8 MPa. The Seebeck effect of the MnO2 -modified geopolymeric composite is also studied. The inclusion of MnO2 boosts the Seebeck coefficient of the geopolymer, reaching a notable 4273 µV C-1 at a 5% MnO2 dosage. This enhancement is attributed to an increase in the density of states (DOS) and a reduction in relaxation time. However, excessive MnO2 or high alkali levels may adversely affect the Seebeck coefficient by lengthening the relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - Xiang Xi
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Neven Ukrainczyk
- Institute of Construction and Building Materials, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lin Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinlong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
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Ramírez C, Osendi MI, Moyano JJ, Mosa J, Aparicio M. Electrochemical Response of 3D-Printed Free-Standing Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode for Sodium Ion Batteries Using a Three-Electrode Glass Cell. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5386. [PMID: 37570090 PMCID: PMC10419660 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have been widely used to develop novel materials with applications in energy storage. Among them, reduced graphene oxide has shown great potential for more efficient storage of Na ions and is a current target in the design of electrodes for environmentally friendly Na ion batteries. The search for more sustainable and versatile manufacturing processes also motivates research into additive manufacturing electrodes. Here, the electrochemical responses of porous 3D-printed free-standing log-type structures fabricated using direct ink writing (DIW) with a graphene oxide (GO) gel ink are investigated after thermal reduction in a three-electrode cell configuration. The structures delivered capacities in the range of 50-80 mAh g-1 and showed high stability for more than 100 cycles. The reaction with the electrolyte/solvent system, which caused an initial capacity drop, was evidenced by the nucleation of various Na carbonates and Na2O. The incorporation of Na into the filaments of the structure was verified with transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This work is a proof of concept that structured reduced GO electrodes for Na ion batteries can be achieved from a simple, aqueous GO ink through DIW and that there is scope for improving their performance and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramírez
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Kelsen 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.O.); (J.J.M.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - María Isabel Osendi
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Kelsen 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.O.); (J.J.M.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Juan José Moyano
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Kelsen 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.O.); (J.J.M.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jadra Mosa
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Kelsen 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.O.); (J.J.M.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Aparicio
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Kelsen 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.O.); (J.J.M.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
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Kurapova O, Glumov O, Smirnov I, Konakov Y, Konakov V. Mixed Electronic-Ionic Conductivity and Stability of Spark Plasma Sintered Graphene-Augmented Alumina Nanofibres Doped Yttria Stabilized Zirconia GAlN/YSZ Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:618. [PMID: 36676356 PMCID: PMC9861201 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-doped ceramic composites with mixed electronic-ionic conductivity are currently attracting attention for their application in electrochemical devices, in particular membranes for solid electrolyte fuel cells with no necessity to use the current collector. In this work, composites of the Y2O3-ZrO2 matrix with graphene-augmented γ-Al2O3 nanofibres (GAlN) were spark plasma sintered. The conductivity and electrical stability in cyclic experiments were tested using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Composites with 0.5 and 1 wt.% GAlN show high ionic conductivity of 10-2-10-3 S/cm at 773 K. Around 3 wt.% GAlN percolation threshold was achieved and a gradual increase of electronic conductivity from ~10-2 to 4 × 10-2 S/cm with an activation energy of 0.2 eV was observed from 298 to 773 K while ionic conductivity was maintained at elevated temperatures. The investigation of the evolution of conductivity was performed at 298-973 K. Besides, the composites with 1-3 wt.% of GAlN addition show a remarkable hardness of 14.9-15.8 GPa due to ZrC formation on the surfaces of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kurapova
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya nab 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, V.O., Bolshoj pr., 61, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Glumov
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya nab 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskya nab 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Konakov
- Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, V.O., Bolshoj pr., 61, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Konakov
- Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, V.O., Bolshoj pr., 61, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia
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López-Pernía C, Muñoz-Ferreiro C, Moriche R, Morales-Rodríguez A, Gallardo-López Á, Poyato R. Electrical performance of orthotropic and isotropic 3YTZP composites with graphene fillers. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ramirez MC, Osendi MI. Graphene-Based Materials, Their Composites, and Potential Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7184. [PMID: 36295252 PMCID: PMC9611114 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since its isolation in 2004, monolayer graphene has attracted enormous attention within the scientific community, the industry, and the general public owing to its exceptional properties (electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical) and prospects [...].
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Shaheen S, Khan RRM, Ahmad A, Luque R, Pervaiz M, Saeed Z, Adnan A. Investigation on the role of graphene-based composites for in photocatalytic degradation of phenol-based compounds in wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73718-73740. [PMID: 36087178 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ineptitude of conventional water management systems to eradicate noxious compounds leads to the development of advanced treatment systems. The disclosure of graphene-based photocatalytic degradation for the eradication of phenolic compounds has become the "apple of the eye" for many researchers. This review article describes the advanced research progress during the period of 2008-2021 in graphene-based nanocomposites and discusses their different synthesis methods. We will also talk about the applications of nanocomposite in water splitting, dye degradation, solar fuel generations, and organic transformations. Multicomponent heterojunction structure, co-catalyst cohering, and noble metal coupling have been inspected to enhance the photocatalytic performance of graphene-based composite by increasing charge separation and stability. The photocatalytic system's remarkable stability has been described in terms of facile recyclability. The adsorption ability of phenolic compounds has been addressed in the form of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm with various factors (pH, concentration, the intensity of light, the effect of catalyst, the effect of time, etc.). The purpose of this review is to survey mechanisms and processes that enlist graphene-based composite in terms of efficacy and dose of catalyst required to attain 99% degradation. Nanoparticles may cause toxicity and a pretext for their toxicity has been mentioned. Finally, it is anticipated that this article could allocate consequential knowledge to fabricating graphene-based composites that are in crucial demand of being discussed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumila Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Awais Ahmad
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Ctra Nnal IV-A, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3)Km 396, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Ctra Nnal IV-A, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3)Km 396, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Muhammad Pervaiz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Adnan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ramírez C. 10 years of research on toughness enhancement of structural ceramics by graphene. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20220006. [PMID: 35909359 PMCID: PMC9340277 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a new family of ceramic matrix composites has been developed from the incorporation of homogeneously dispersed graphene-based fillers (graphene nanoplatelets/GNP, graphene oxide sheets/rGO or graphene nanoribbons/GNR) into the ceramic matrices. These composites have shown a significant increment of their fracture toughness accompanied by other electrical and thermal functionalities, which make them potentially attractive for a wide range of applications. Here, the main methods for testing the fracture toughness of these composites are described, then the principal observations on the reinforcing mechanisms responsible for this improvement are briefly reviewed, and we discuss the relation with graphene platelets type, morphology and alignment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nanocracks in nature and industry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramírez
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass ICV-CSIC, Kelsen 5, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Highly Elastic Melamine Graphene/MWNT Hybrid Sponge for Sensor Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113530. [PMID: 35684470 PMCID: PMC9182109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increased interest in multifunctional nanoelectronic devices, such as wearable monitors, smart robots, and electronic skin, motivated many researchers toward the development of several kinds of sensors in recent years. Flexibility, stability, sensitivity, and low cost are the most important demands for exploiting stretchable or compressible strain sensors. This article describes the formation and characteristics of a flexible, low-cost strain sensor by combining a commercial melamine sponge and a graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrid. The composite that emerged by doping the highly elastic melamine sponge with a highly conductive graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrid showed excellent piezoresistive behavior, with low resistivity of 22 kΩ m. Its function as a piezoresistive material exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.050 kPa−1 that combined with a wide detection area ranging between 0 to 50 kPa.
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Łukawski D, Hochmańska-Kaniewska P, Janiszewska D, Wróblewski G, Patmore J, Lekawa-Raus A. Enriching WPCs and NFPCs with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040745. [PMID: 35215657 PMCID: PMC8880308 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, with their unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and wettability properties, are very effective fillers for many types of composites. Recently, a number of studies have shown that CNTs and graphene may be integrated into wood–plastic composites (WPCs) and natural-fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) to improve the existing performance of the WPCs/NFPCs as well as enabling their use in completely new areas of engineering. The following review analyses the results of the studies presented to date, from which it can be seen that that inclusion of CNTs/graphene may indeed improve the mechanical properties of the WPCs/NFPCs, while increasing their thermal conductivity, making them electroconductive, more photostable, less sensitive to water absorption, less flammable, and more thermally stable. This study indicates that the composition and methods of manufacturing of hybrid WPCs/NFPCs vary significantly between the samples, with a consequent impact on the level of improvement of specific properties. This review also shows that the incorporation of CNTs/graphene may enable new applications of WPCs/NFPCs, such as solar thermal energy storage devices, electromagnetic shielding, antistatic packaging, sensors, and heaters. Finally, this paper recognises key challenges in the study area, and proposes future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Łukawski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-139 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Hochmańska-Kaniewska
- Wood Technology Centre, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Poznań Institute of Technology, ul. Winiarska 1, 60-654 Poznan, Poland; (P.H.-K.); (D.J.)
| | - Dominika Janiszewska
- Wood Technology Centre, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Poznań Institute of Technology, ul. Winiarska 1, 60-654 Poznan, Poland; (P.H.-K.); (D.J.)
| | - Grzegorz Wróblewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. św. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jeff Patmore
- Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1RF, UK;
| | - Agnieszka Lekawa-Raus
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. św. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Jakubczak M, Jastrzębska AM. A Review on Development of Ceramic-Graphene Based Nanohybrid Composite Systems in Biological Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:685014. [PMID: 34268294 PMCID: PMC8275648 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.685014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites constitute an interesting and promising material for various applications. Intensive progress in the development of this group of materials offers an opportunity to create new systems useful for drinking water decontamination or other biotechnological applications. Nanohybrid structures of graphene-ceramic systems can be obtained using covalent graphene surface modification with nanoparticles (NPs) of ceramic and/or co-deposition of metals with selected morphology and chemistry. The present paper systematizes the associated bio-related knowledge and inspires future development of graphene/NPs systems. Emerging knowledge and unique research techniques are reviewed within designing the required nanocomposite structure and chemical composition, development and optimization of new methods of covalent surface modification of graphene with NPs as well as analysis of mechanisms governing the formation of covalent bonding. Further, innovative research tools and methodologies are presented regarding the adjustment of functionalities of materials used for the application in drinking water decontamination or biocidal composites. This study provides a comprehensive base for rational development of more complex, hybrid graphene-based nanomaterials with various bio-functionalities that can be further applied in industrial practice.
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