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Etemadi A, Karimi MA, Karimi M, Hodjat M, Pour MS, Karimi A, Chiniforush N. A comparative evaluation of the effects of 635 nm laser on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of buccal fat pad mesenchymal stem cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38940369 DOI: 10.1111/php.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 635 nm diode laser with different powers on undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells obtained from buccal fat pad. Human buccal fat stem cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS, penicillin, and streptomycin under 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Cells were cultured in 96-well plate and 24 h later, laser irradiation with 635 nm diode laser was performed in four groups of 200, 300, 400, and 500 mW powers in addition to the control group with the same energy density of 4 J/cm2. MTT and flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation and viability on 2 and 4 days after irradiation. Alizarin red assay and real-time PCR (OPN, OCN, ALP, and RUNX-2 genes) was performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. According to the MTT assay, none of the mentioned powers of 635 nm diode laser had significant effect on cell proliferation. Cells irradiated with power of 400 mW and 500 mW significantly showed a greater number of necrotic cells compared to the control group in Day 4. Cells irradiated with 300 mW power significantly exhibited a greater amount of nodule formation compared to all groups. Results of this study indicated that 635 nm diode laser with energy density of 4 J/cm2 has a positive effect inducing osteogenic differentiation when applying with a power of 300 mW in buccal fat pad mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Karimi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sheibani Pour
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Karimi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Dentistry, California, USA
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Olszewska A, Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K, Czajka-Jakubowska A. Enhanced Recovery of Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: The Impact of Photobiomodulation on Reversing Anesthesia Effects. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e941928. [PMID: 38787794 PMCID: PMC11131430 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The split-mouth study design is used in oral health research and usually consists of 2 treatments randomly assigned to either the right or left side. This split-mouth study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation on reversal of local anesthesia in 50 children aged 8-10 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted among 50 children: 27 girls and 23 boys, aged 8-10 years (mean age 9.38±1.15 years), who presented 2 carious maxillary permanent molars. One side was randomly assigned to the laser group (50 teeth), and the contralateral side to the control group (50 teeth). At the end of the treatment, photobiomodulation (PBM) was performed in the area of infiltration at 6 points, with 635 nm (25 children) (250 mW, 500 mW/cm², 15J) and 808 nm (25 children) (200 mW, 400 mW/cm², 12J) (SmartM PRO, Lasotronix, Poland). On the contralateral side, the laser's off-mode applicator was used. Anesthetic effect was evaluated by palpation test (soft tissues) and electrical test (dental pulp). RESULTS After 15 minutes, in the laser group the return to normal sensations in the palpation test showed 88% (808 nm) and 68% (635 nm), and only 20% in the control group (P=0.04123). After 45 minutes, all the participants from the PBM group returned to normal sensations (P=0.21458). Dental pulp's excitability threshold was lower for both wavelengths compared to the control group (P=0.000001). CONCLUSIONS The identification of factors accelerating the recovery time to normal function, such as PBM, can be used as important data to eliminate self-injury secondary to local anesthesia (LA) in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Olszewska
- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Matys
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Dani S, Schütz K, Dikici E, Bernhardt A, Lode A. The effect of continuous long-term illumination with visible light in different spectral ranges on mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9444. [PMID: 38658667 PMCID: PMC11043379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to ensure oxygen supply of cells in the (temporary) absence of vasculature. With the vision to exploit photosynthetic oxygen production by microalgae, co-cultivated in close vicinity to oxygen-consuming mammalian cells, we are searching for culture conditions that are compatible for both sides. Herein, we investigated the impact of long-term illumination on mammalian cells which is essential to enable photosynthesis by microalgae: four different cell types-primary human fibroblasts, dental pulp stem cells, and osteoblasts as well as the murine beta-cell line INS-1-were continuously exposed to warm white light, red or blue light over seven days. We observed that illumination with red light has no adverse effects on viability, metabolic activity and growth of the cells whereas exposure to white light has deleterious effects that can be attributed to its blue light portion. Quantification of intracellular glutathione did not reveal a clear correlation of this effect with an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, our data indicate that the cytotoxic effect of short-wavelength light is predominantly a direct effect of cell illumination; photo-induced changes in the cell culture media play only a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dani
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezgi Dikici
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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de Paula LM, de Andrade Fernandes AC, Evangelista BC, do Couto Lima-Moreira F, Andrade G, de Andrade Fernandes JV, de Castro FLA, Roriz VM. Clinical and thermographic evaluation after lower third molar extractions and the application of different photobiomodulation protocols: double-blind randomised clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:203. [PMID: 38453808 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to compare the parameters of pain, oedema, temperature, and soft tissue closure in dental sockets that received two different photobiomodulation (PBM) protocols following extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one participants had their teeth 38 and 48 extracted. Subsequently, one of the dental sockets received PBM at a wavelength (WL) of 808 nanometers (808 group- nm) and the other dental socket received the PBM at WLs of 808 nm and 660 nm, simultaneously (808 + 660 group). The PBM was applied immediately after the surgical procedure and on the 3rd and 7th days. RESULTS The mean of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values for pain were 1.45 for the 3rd day and 0.52 for the 7th day in the 808 + 660 and 808 group, respectively. The mean the pogonion-tragus measurement, used to assess facial oedema on the 3rd day, was 15.38 cm (range 13.5-17.5) in the 808 + 660 group and 15.48 cm (range 14.0-17.5) in the 808 group. The mean facial temperatures in the 808 + 660 group were 34.9 degrees Celsius (ºC) (range 33.5-36.4) on the 3rd day and 35 ºC (range 33.4-36.4) on the 7th day. In the 808 group, the mean temperatures were 34.9 ºC (range 33.9-36.2) on the 3rd day and 34.9 ºC (33.7-36.2) on the 7th day. Regarding the dimensions of the dental socket, the mean were similar for both groups. Significant differences between the groups were only observed in the pain parameter and only on the 7th day, being greater for the 808 + 660 group (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS The association of the 660 nm with 808 nm, and the increase in energy did not showed more benefits in pain reduction oedema, or acceleration of the closure of the soft tissues of the dental sockets of lower third molars, in the protocols used here. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is no need to combine lasers at wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm to reduce oedema, pain and repair of soft tissues after extraction of lower third molars. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) with the following code: RBR-66pyrh8, on 29th December, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiz Moreira de Paula
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Av. Universitaria, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goiás, 74605-020, Brazil
| | - Alessah Carolyna de Andrade Fernandes
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Av. Universitaria, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goiás, 74605-020, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Castro Evangelista
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Av. Universitaria, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goiás, 74605-020, Brazil
| | | | - Geovana Andrade
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Av. Universitaria, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goiás, 74605-020, Brazil
| | - João Victor de Andrade Fernandes
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Av. Universitaria, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goiás, 74605-020, Brazil
| | | | - Virgílio Moreira Roriz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Av. Universitaria, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goiás, 74605-020, Brazil.
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Lutfy RH, Salam SA, Mohammed HS, Shakweer MM, Essawy AE. Photomodulatory effects in the hypothalamus of sleep-deprived young and aged rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114731. [PMID: 37898350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. In this study, alterations in the hypothalamus of REM sleep-deprived (SD) young and aged rats, and the modulatory effect of near-infrared (NIR) laser were investigated. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (24 young at 2 months and 24 senile at 14 months) were divided into three groups: the control, the SD group subjected to 72 hr of sleep deprivation, and the transcranial-NIR laser-treated (TLT) group subjected to SD for 72 hr and irradiated with 830 nm laser. The hypothalamic levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), apoptotic markers (BAX, BCL-2), and neuronal survival-associated genes (BDNF, GLP-1) were evaluated. Furthermore, the hypothalamic tissue alterations were analyzed via histological examination. The results revealed that TLT treatment has enhanced the antioxidant status, prevented oxidative insults, suppressed neuroinflammation, regulated CCO activity, reduced apoptotic markers, and tuned the survival genes (BDNF & GLP-1) in hypothalamic tissue of SD young and aged rats. Microscopically, TLT treatment has ameliorated the SD-induced alterations and restored the normal histological features of hypothalamus tissue. Moreover, the obtained data showed that SD and NIR laser therapy are age-dependent. Altogether, our findings emphasize the age-dependent adverse effects of SD on the hypothalamus and suggest the use of low-laser NIR radiation as a potential non-invasive and therapeutic approach against SD-induced adverse effects in young and aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa H Lutfy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Shakweer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Lu Z, Bingquan H, Jun T, Fei G. Effectiveness of concentrated growth factor and laser therapy on wound healing, inferior alveolar nerve injury and periodontal bone defects post-mandibular impacted wisdom tooth extraction: A randomized clinical trial. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14651. [PMID: 38272792 PMCID: PMC10789919 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraction of wisdom teeth with mandibular impact frequently results in complications including damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and malformations of the bone. The objective of this research endeavour was to assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy and concentrated growth factor (CGF) in facilitating nerve recovery and wound healing in such instances. A total of thirty-one patients (mean age 27.52 ± 5.79 years) who presented with IAN injury after extraction were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control group (which received oral mecobalamin), CGF group (which received CGF gel applied to the extraction sockets) and laser group (which received low-level lasers (808 nm, 30 mW, 10 J/cm2 )) at the extraction site. Patients' recovery from IAN paresthesia was evaluated seven times over the course of 14 days utilizing visual analogue scale (VAS) and the pinprick test (PP). At multiple intervals following surgery, periodontal probing and bone level measurements were utilized to assess the recovery of both soft and hard tissues. The findings revealed that, compared with the control group, both the CGF and laser treatment groups exhibited a markedly greater improvement in VAS scores and wound healing of soft tissues, as well as in PP results (p < 0.001), indicating enhanced wound healing processes. Despite these improvements, there was no significant difference in wound healing outcomes between the CGF and laser groups. Notably, the CGF group showed a statistically significant improvement in healing bone defects at 30 and 90 days post-treatment compared with the control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively), underscoring its effectiveness in bone healing as a critical aspect of the overall wound healing process. However, in terms of other wound healing comparisons, no significant differences were observed. CGF and laser therapy significantly enhanced the healing of wounds, including soft tissue and bone recovery, in addition to accelerating the recovery of IAN injuries following mandibular wisdom tooth extraction. Although both treatments were equally effective in nerve recovery, CGF notably excelled in promoting bone healing, suggesting its pivotal role in comprehensive wound healing. This highlights that both CGF and laser therapy are viable options for not only nerve recovery but also for overall wound healing in such dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Lu
- Department of StomatologySouth China Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Huang Bingquan
- Department of StomatologyLonggang Central Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tan Jun
- Foshan Stomatological HospitalFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Ge Fei
- Department of StomatologySouth China Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Mucositis—A Case Report. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050618. [PMID: 35630035 PMCID: PMC9147415 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021, our group published a laboratory study on the impact of PBM on human gingival fibroblasts. The in vitro results confirmed the fact that the appropriately selected wavelength and properly selected parameters of the laser settings can increase cell proliferation, modulate inflammatory markers, and decrease the susceptibility of human gingival fibroblasts to apoptosis. Therefore, this case report was aimed at the clinical evaluation of the proposed settings and treatment regimen in a very difficult situation of an immunocompromised patient with extensive changes and stagnation of symptoms for many weeks. A 65-year-old man, during his oncological treatment, was diagnosed with oral mucositis grade 3 according to the World Health Organization and National Cancer Institute scales. Due to pain sensation, long-lasting and not healing oral lesions, and problems with solid food intake, he was qualified for laser photobiomodulation therapy. For the management of oral lesions, a diode laser 635 nm (SmartMPro, Lasotronix, Poland) was intraorally applied at an energy density of 4 J/cm2, the 20 s of irradiation, the output power of 100 mW, and in continuous wave mode. Seven treatment procedures were performed two times a week using the spot technique in contact and non-contact mode. Within 21 days of monotherapy, all ailments disappeared. The patient was also able to reuse dental dentures and return to a solid diet. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of at least 3 PBM protocols. Our case shows that the use of PMB therapy contributes to faster healing of painful oral lesions in oncological patients, and thus the treatment time and return to the appropriate quality of life is shorter.
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Oyebode OA, Houreld NN. Photobiomodulation at 830 nm Stimulates Migration, Survival and Proliferation of Fibroblast Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2885-2900. [PMID: 36172056 PMCID: PMC9510698 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s374649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Photobiomodulation (PBM) promotes diabetic wound healing by favoring cell survival and proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the potential of PBM in stimulating cellular migration, viability, and proliferation using the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway. METHODS The study explored the in vitro effects of near infrared (NIR) light on cell viability (survival) and proliferation as well as the presence of TGF-β1, phosphorylated TGF-β receptor type I (pTGF-βR1) and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic-homolog (Smad)-2/3 (p-Smad2/3) in different fibroblast cell models. RESULTS Results show a significant increase in cellular migration in wounded models, and increased viability and proliferation in irradiated cells compared to their respective controls. An increase in the presence of TGF-β1 in the culture media, a reduction in pTGF-βR1 and a slight presence of p-Smad2/3 was observed in the cells. CONCLUSION These findings show that PBM at 830 nm using a fluence of 5 J/cm2 could induce cell viability, migration and proliferation to favor successful healing of diabetic wounds. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the molecular and cellular effect of PBM and showcases the suitability of PBM at 830 nm in managing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Arinola Oyebode
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Gauteng, South Africa
- Correspondence: Olajumoke Arinola Oyebode, Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Gauteng, South Africa, Tel + 27781519058, Email
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Gauteng, South Africa
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Impact of photobiomodulation therapy on the morphological aspects of submandibular gland submitted to excretory duct ligation and hypothyroidism: an animal study. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:2005-2015. [PMID: 34797432 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on histomorphological aspects of submandibular gland (SMG) submitted to salivary gland duct obstruction in hypothyroid rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats (250 to 300 g) were divided into 4 groups (n = 14): euthyroid (EU), EU + PBMT, hypothyroid (HYPO), and HYPO + PBMT. Duct obstruction of the left submandibular gland (LSMG) was performed in all animals by a ligature procedure. For the induction of hypothyroidism, total thyroidectomy was performed. PBMT groups received irradiation with AlGaInP diode laser (808 nm, 0.04 W, 0.04cm2 spot size, 60 s, 2.4 J per point, 60 J/cm2, 1 W/cm2). Irradiation was performed immediately, 24 h, and 48 h after the obstruction of the salivary gland duct, in one point, extra oral and perpendicular to the gland. Animals were sacrificed after 24 h and 72 h after duct ligature. Our results indicated that salivary duct obstruction and hypothyroidism caused negative modifications on the salivary glands' histomorphology, especially acinar atrophy, after 24 h and 72 h. HYPO + PBMT showed a significant reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, congested blood vessels, and acinar atrophy in the SMG submandibular salivary gland in 72 h compared to 24 h (p < 0.05). In conclusion, obstruction of the salivary gland excretory duct and hypothyroidism causes severe sialoadenitis with expressive atrophy of the glandular parenchyma. However, PBMT was able to modulate the inflammatory process and delaying acinar atrophy. This study provided insights to better understand the role of the PBMT on the altered salivary gland by duct ligation and associate hypothyroidism.
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Kiryk J, Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K, Dominiak M, Małecka M, Kuropka P, Wiglusz RJ, Dobrzyński M. SEM Evaluation of Tooth Surface after a Composite Filling Removal Using Er:YAG Laser, Drills with and without Curettes, and Optional EDTA or NaOCl Conditioning. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4469. [PMID: 34442991 PMCID: PMC8401124 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the microporosity of the tooth surface structure adjacent to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) after the removal of composite fillings with a drill in comparison with removal by an Er:YAG laser and after cleaning with a periodontal curette, chemical EDTA and NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) conditioning. (2) Methods: The research material consisted of 30 extracted premolars with cervical composite fillings. The teeth were divided into six groups according to the method of tooth preparation: group G1 (n = 5)-a diamond drill; group G2 (n = 5)-a diamond drill + curette; group G3 (n = 5)-a diamond drill + 24% EDTA (PrefGel, Straumann, Switzerland); group G4 (n = 5)-an Er:YAG laser (LightWalker, Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) set with the following parameters: power: 1.65 W (composite removal, CR), 1.2 (tooth conditioning, TC), energy: 110 mJ (CR), 80 mJ (TC), frequency: 15 Hz, pulse duration: 50 μs, tip diameter: 1 mm, air/fluid cooling: 4, distance 1.5 mm, energy density: 14.01 J/cm2 (CR), 10.19 J/cm2 (TC); group G5 (n = 5)-an Er:YAG laser + 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group G6 (n = 5)-an Er:YAG laser + 5.25% NaOCl. In each tooth, three cavities were made and subjected to analysis. The dentin surface was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). (3) Results: Groups G1 and G2 exhibited mechanical damage to the tooth surface structure caused by the rotary motion of a diamond drill. The SEM image showed a smear layer that could only be removed chemically using 24% EDTA gel (group G3). The tooth surfaces prepared with the Er:YAG laser (groups G4-G6) revealed a homogeneous structure without damage along with open dentinal tubules (without smear layer) and visible denaturation of collagen fibers. The sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) conditioning did not increase the visibility of dentinal tubules. (4) Conclusions: Dentin surfaces have open dentinal tubules after removal of the composite filling using the Er:YAG laser and therefore do not require additional NaOCl conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kiryk
- Dental Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Jacek Matys
- Laser Laboratory at Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory at Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Periodontics School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Dental Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Małecka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Carroll JD. 2021 Summary of Photobiomodulation Literature. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:499-501. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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