1
|
Ahmed MI, Biswas A, Asif TI, Saiduzzaman M, Islam M. Hydrostatic pressure-induced transformations and multifunctional properties of Francium-based halide perovskite FrCaCl 3: Insights from first-principles calculations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34059. [PMID: 39055809 PMCID: PMC11269923 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Under varying hydrostatic pressures ranging from 0 to 150 GPa, first-principles calculations were conducted to investigate the structural, electronic, bonding, optical, elastic, and mechanical characteristics of the Lead (Pb)-free halide perovskite FrCaCl3 using both the GGA and hybrid HSE06 parameterized density functional theory (DFT). Since the FrCaCl3 cubic perovskite has not yet been synthesized experimentally, its structural and thermodynamic stabilities are confirmed by the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, the octahedral factor, and the formation energy. The induction of pressure has caused a simultaneous decrease in both the lattice parameters and the electronic band gap. Applying the hybrid HSE06 potential refines the accuracy of the band gap, with values decreasing from 5.705 to 2.618 eV from 0 to 150 GPa pressure, suggesting improved optoelectronic attributes. Employing pressure facilitates the formation of stronger chemical bonds characterized by reduced bond lengths. The investigation of optical functions demonstrates that with increased pressure ranging to 150 GPa, the optical conductivity along with the absorption coefficient is oriented towards the low-energy region. The FrCaCl3 perovskite has the prospect to be used in X-ray imaging and other fields of nuclear medicine and diagnostics as it contains the radioactive element Francium (Fr). Additionally, it is found via the study of mechanical characteristics that FrCaCl3 is mechanically stable under various applied pressure, and adding pressure makes it more ductile as well as more anisotropic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Istiaque Ahmed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam Asif
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiduzzaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Minhajul Islam
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority (BAERA), E-12/A, Agargaon, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdel-Gawad EH, Sayyed MI, Hanafy TA, Elsafi M. Experimental investigation of radiation shielding competence of B 2O 3-Na 2O-Al 2O 3-BaO-CaO glass system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14891. [PMID: 38937501 PMCID: PMC11211421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aiming to extend the scope of utilizing glass in radiation shielding, this work investigates the radiation interaction response of a borate-based glass system. Four borate-glass samples of different substituting concentrations of calcium oxide ( 70 - x )B2O3: 10 Na2O : 5 Al2O3 : 15 BaO: x CaO were prepared. To assess the shielding performance of the prepared glass samples, a high-purity germanium detector and different radioactive sources (different energies) were used. Via the narrow beam method, the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) were experimentally measured. So, the transmission factor (TF), the half-value layer (HVL), the tenth value layer (TVL), the mean free path (MFP), and the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were calculated for all prepared samples. It was observed that the increase of the concentration of calcium oxide in the proposed borate-based glass samples leads to improve their performance in shielding against radiation. At low energy, the RPE of the samples is almost 100%. However, it was observed that as energy of the radiation source increases, the shielding performance of the samples will decrease. High energy dependence was found when calculating TF, HVL, TVL, and MFP. They were increased with the increase of the energy of the incident photons. At 0.662 MeV, the TF values are equal to 79.26, 79.00, 79.72, and 78.43% for BNABC-1, BNABC-2, BNABC-3, and BNABC-4 in the same oder, respectively. The application of the proposed composition of borate-based glass as a transparent shield against low-energy ionizing radiation was highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa H Abdel-Gawad
- Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - M I Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Taha A Hanafy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garba NN, Aliyu AS, Rabiu N, Kankara UM, Vatsa AM, Ismaila A, Musa J, Onuh E. Investigation of natural radionuclides and radiation shielding potential of some commonly used building materials in Northwestern Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9696. [PMID: 38678147 PMCID: PMC11055895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the gamma-ray shielding potential of clay, sand, gypsum and kaolin commonly used as a building material in Northwestern, Nigeria. The radiological status of the samples was first evaluated by determining the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K using NaI (Tl) detector after which elemental composition and mass density were determined using Neutron Activation Analytical Technique. After which the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were determined experimentally and theoretically using standard point sources of 137Cs and 60Co photon peaks (0.662 and 1.332, 1.173) MeV and Py-MLBUF software. The activity concentrations were found to range from 51 to 59 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 59 Bq kg-1 for 238U, 24 to 27 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 29 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, and 219 to 247 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 247 Bq kg-1 for 40K which were about within the world recommended values of 33, 45 and 420 Bq kg-1 respectively. The results of the elemental compositions show that Si, Al, K, Fe, and Ba in clay and sand samples have concentrations in the range of 36.83-78.48%, 1.92-26.05%, 6.33-21.96%, 2.39-19.09%, and 0.09-1.44%, respectively, while in kaolin and gypsum, results revealed that Si, Al, K, Fe, and Ca range between 0.34 and 65.52%, 1.14-35.82%, 0.00-12.12%, 0.00-5.77%, and 0.00-96.6%, respectively. However, the concentrations of other elements such as Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, Na, and Ba varied significantly with the samples. The results showed that clay has an average density of 1.96 g/cm3, sand has 2.32 g/cm3, kaolin has 2.63 g/cm3, and gypsum has the highest density with a value of 2.66 g/cm3 compared to other samples. During the measurements, a thallium-activated sodium-iodide NaI (TI) detector was used. A narrow beam transmission geometry condition was adopted for the measurements to ensure minimal scattered radiation. Absorption and attenuation of gamma beams as a function of sample thickness against gamma energy generally exhibit an increasing gamma ray behaviour as the sample thickness increases from 1 to 3 cm. The results showed that the gypsum, kaolin, sand, and clay were capable of attenuating 63.5%, 61.5%, 58.4%, and 44.2 of gamma-ray photons of energy 0.662 MeV at 3 cm thickness %, respectively, and 40.6%, 32.9%, 30.6%, and 27.3% of gamma energy 1.332 MeV at 3 cm thickness, respectively. The results showed that MAC, LAC, and Zeff of all the samples decreased with an increase in photon energy, while those of HVL and TVL increased. The experimental results for all the gamma-ray shielding parameters were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical values obtained using Py-MLBUF. The results have shown that all the samples have similar photon attenuation behaviours; however, gypsum has the best shielding potential than kaolin and this is attributed due to its highest density value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N N Garba
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - A S Aliyu
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N Rabiu
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - U M Kankara
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A M Vatsa
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Ismaila
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J Musa
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - E Onuh
- Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosen A, Islam MR, Badhan SH. Exploring the influence of pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition on the physical properties of cubic perovskites FrXCl 3 (X = Ge and Sn). Heliyon 2024; 10:e27581. [PMID: 38576570 PMCID: PMC10990873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though lead halide perovskites have outstanding physiochemical properties and improved power conversion efficiency, most of these compounds threaten their future commercialization because of their instability and highly toxic nature. Thus, it is preferable to use stable alternative elements rather than lead to make environmentally friendly perovskite material that will have comparable optical and electronic properties to those constructed from Pb-based perovskites. However, devices constructed from lead-free perovskites typically display a lower power conversion efficiency. Applying hydrostatic pressure could be deemed an effective method to alter the physical properties of these compounds. This not only improves their performance in application but also reveals significant correlations between structure and properties. This work uses DFT to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of non-toxic, francium-based halide perovskites FrXCl3 (X = Ge, Sn) at different levels of hydrostatic pressures that vary from 0 to 10 GPa. The estimated structural parameter's strong correlation with the data from earlier studies ensures the accuracy of the current findings. Pressure causes the Fr-Cl and Ge (Sn)-Cl bonds to shorten and become stronger. The electronic property calculations demonstrated that both compounds are direct band-gap semiconductors. The application of pressure leads to a linear reduction in the band gap (semiconducting to metallic state) and raises the electronic density of states around the Fermi level by forcing the valence band electrons upward, indicating that the optoelectronic device's performance can be tuned and improved. The values of the dielectric constant, absorptivity and reflectivity showed an increasing tendency with pressure. As the pressure applied to the compounds increases, the absorption spectra show a redshift. These findings suggested that the FrXCl3 (X = Ge and Sn) compound becomes more appropriate for usage in optoelectronic applications under pressure. Furthermore, our examination of the mechanical properties indicates that both FrGeCl3 and FrSnCl3 exhibit mechanically stability, and ductility. Interestingly, we observe an increase in ductility as pressure levels rise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rasidul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University, Jamalpur, 2012, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Haque Badhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rao LS, Hila FC, Reddy MS, Hussain S. Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on thermal, optical, and radiation shielding properties of Bi 2O 3-B 2O 3-MnO 2 glasses. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111183. [PMID: 38219603 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study has explored the DSC, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, gamma ray and neutron shielding properties of Bi2O3-B2O3-MnO2: ZrO2 glasses. It demonstrates a unique approach to photon shielding analysis using JENDL/PD-2016 photonuclear data and employs a validated spherical neutron model for neutron shielding. Five transparent glasses were prepared with the chemical composition (in mol%) of 29Bi2O3-70B2O3-(1-x)MnO2: xZrO2, and labeled as MZ0.00 (for x = 0), MZ0.25 (for x = 0.25), MZ0.50 (for x = 0.5), MZ0.75 (for x = 0.75) and MZ1.00 (for x = 1). The glass ceramic nature of the samples has been characterized by DTA thermograms. The glass forming ability parameters (Kgl, S & H) were found to be highest for the sample MZ1.00. The UV-Visible optical absorption spectra have been interpreted, and hence the cut-off wavelength (λcut-off) and optical band gap (Eo) were evaluated. The absorption spectra have revealed the co-existence of manganese ions in three stable valence states Mn4+, Mn3+ and Mn2+ in the samples. When ZrO2 nanoparticles were added in the composition up to x = 0.50 mol%, the red shift in the cut-off wavelength (λcut-off) with gradual shrinkage in optical band gap (Eo) has been observed. Also, the linear and non-linear optical parameters viz., refractive index (no), non-linear refractive index (n2), linear optical susceptibility (χ(1)) and non-linear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) have been evaluated. These parameters showcased that B-O, Bi-O, Mn-O, Zr-O, etc. bonds could be strengthened by subsequent reduction of polarization of the trivalent ions (B3+ ions, Bi3+ ions and Mn3+ ions) in the glass system at higher concentrations of ZrO2. Photoatomic and photonuclear attenuation studies portrayed that the sample MZ0.50 has the lowest photon shielding capability. The fast neutron effective removal cross section (ΣR) was observed to be the highest for the sample MZ1.00. Thus, these glasses can be used to design the thermally stable transparent glasses, tunable optical elements, and radiation shielding materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linganaboina Srinivasa Rao
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Physics (Humanities & Sciences), VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bachupally, Nizampet (S.O), Hyderabad, PIN-500090, Telangana, India.
| | - Frederick C Hila
- Applied Physics Research Section - Atomic Research Division, Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI), Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - M Srinivasa Reddy
- Department of Physics, Dr. Y.S.R. ANU College of Engineering and Technology, Guntur, PIN-522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shamima Hussain
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kalpakkam Node, Kokilamedu, 603104, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Subedi B, Paudel J, Lamichhane TR. Gamma-ray, fast neutron and ion shielding characteristics of low-density and high-entropy Mg-Al-Ti-V-Cr-Fe-Zr-Nb alloy systems using Phy-X/PSD and SRIM programs. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17725. [PMID: 37539133 PMCID: PMC10395150 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the radiation shielding properties of ten low-density high-entropy alloys (LWHEAs) using Phy-X/PSD software to analyze various shielding parameters, such as attenuation coefficients (μ m and μ), mean free path (λ), effective atomic number (Z eff ), and removal cross-section (Σ R ), in the energy range of Image 1 to Image 2. A comprehensive evaluation was performed to compare the attenuation outcomes provided by HEAs with a range of shielding materials documented in the literature. The study also calculated the build-up factors (BUFs) of the alloys by using the GP-fitting interpolation method. The stopping power of the alloys against H 1 / H e + 2 ions was analyzed using the SRIM Monte Carlo code, considering total stopping power (TSP) and projected range (PR). The results indicated that HEA8 (A l 3.88 C r 14.95 M o 27.58 N b 26.71 T i 13.76 Z r 13.11 ) had the best performance in terms of shielding against γ-rays, fast neutrons, and H 1 / H e + 2 ions, as it achieved the highest values of parameters such as μ m , μ, Z eff , and Σ R , along with the lowest values of HVL, TVL, λ, BUFs (Image 3 Image 4), TSP, and PR. On the other hand, HEA10 (M g 10.77 A l 11.96 M n 24.35 F e 24.75 C u 28.17 ) had the lowest BUFs in both lower (Image 5 Image 4) and higher (Image 6 Image 4) energy regions. The order of μ m for the alloys was found to be HEA5 < HEA6 < HEA9 < HEA7 < HEA10 < HEA4 < HEA2 < HEA3 < HEA1 < HEA8 . The study concluded that LWHEAs possess superior radiation shielding properties compared to conventional materials, making them a promising new class of materials for radiation shielding applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Tao H, Xu Y. High Refractive Index GRIN Lens for IR Optics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2566. [PMID: 37048860 PMCID: PMC10095208 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Infrared gradient refractive index (GRIN) material lenses have attracted much attention due to their continuously varying refractive index as a function of spatial coordinates in the medium. Herein, a glass accumulation thermal diffusion method was used to fabricate a high refractive index GRIN lens. Six Ge17.2As17.2SexTe(65-x) (x = 10.5-16) glasses with good thermal stability and high refractive index (n@10 μm > 3.1) were selected for thermal diffusion. The refractive index span (∆n) of 0.12 was achieved in this GRIN lens. After thermal diffusion, the lens still had good transmittance (45%) in the range of 8-12 μm. Thermal imaging confirmed that this lens can be molded into the designed shape. The refractive index profile was indirectly characterized by the structure and composition changes. The structure and composition variation became linear with the increase in temperature from 260 °C to 270 °C for 12 h, indicating that the refractive index changed linearly along the axis. The GRIN lens with a high refractive index could find applications in infrared optical systems and infrared lenses for thermal imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Research Center, Nanjing Wavelength Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haizheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kozlovskiy AL, Shlimas DI, Zdorovets MV, Elsts E, Konuhova M, Popov AI. Investigation of the Effect of PbO Doping on Telluride Glass Ceramics as a Potential Material for Gamma Radiation Shielding. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2366. [PMID: 36984246 PMCID: PMC10056072 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of PbO doping of multicomponent composite glass-like ceramics based on TeO2, WO3, Bi2O3, MoO3, and SiO2, which are one of the promising materials for gamma radiation shielding. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was found that the PbO dopant concentration increase from 0.10 to 0.20-0.25 mol results in the initialization of the phase transformation and structural ordering processes, which are expressed in the formation of SiO2 and PbWO4 phases, and the crystallinity degree growth. An analysis of the optical properties showed that a change in the ratio of the contributions of the amorphous and ordered fractions leads to the optical density increase and the band gap alteration, as well as a variation in the optical characteristics. During the study of the strength and mechanical properties of the synthesized ceramics, depending on the dopant concentration, it was found that when inclusions in the form of PbWO4 are formed in the structure, the strength characteristics increase by 70-80% compared to the initial data, which indicates the doping efficiency and a rise in the mechanical strength of ceramics to external influences. During evaluation of the shielding protective characteristics of the synthesized ceramics, it was revealed that the formation of PbWO4 in the structure results in a rise in the high-energy gamma ray absorption efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem L. Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Business, Satbayev University, Satbayev St. 22, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy I. Shlimas
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Edgars Elsts
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marina Konuhova
- Engineering Research Institute, “Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre”, Ventspils University of Applied Sciences, 101 Inzenieru Str., LV-3601 Ventspils, Latvia
| | - Anatoli I. Popov
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The density, mechanical, and shielding characteristics of a BaO–Al2O3–P2O5 doped with a V2O5 glass system: Theoretical and simulation study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
10
|
Marzuki A, Sasmi T, Fausta DE, Harjana H, Suryanti V, Kabalci I. The effect of Bi2O3/PbO substitution on physical, optical, structural, and gamma shielding properties of boro-tellurite glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
The efficacy of various thicknesses of float glasses for protection of gamma-radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Gamma-ray absorbing characteristic of obsidian rocks as a potential material for radiation protection. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Nazrin S, Sharma A, Muhammad S, Alghamdi NA, Wageh S. Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of CuO doped TeO2–B2O3 glass system. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
14
|
Kozlovskiy A, Shlimas DI, Zdorovets MV, Popova E, Elsts E, Popov AI. Investigation of the Efficiency of Shielding Gamma and Electron Radiation Using Glasses Based on TeO 2-WO 3-Bi 2O 3-MoO 3-SiO to Protect Electronic Circuits from the Negative Effects of Ionizing Radiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6071. [PMID: 36079451 PMCID: PMC9457671 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article considers the effect of MoO3 and SiO additives in telluride glasses on the shielding characteristics and protection of electronic microcircuits operating under conditions of increased radiation background or cosmic radiation. MoO3 and SiO dopants were chosen because their properties, including their insulating characteristics, make it possible to avoid breakdown processes caused by radiation damage. The relevance of the study consists in the proposed method of using protective glasses to protect the most important components of electronic circuits from the negative effects of ionizing radiation, which can cause failures or lead to destabilization of the electronics. Evaluation of the shielding efficiency of gamma and electron radiation was carried out using a standard method for determining the change in the threshold voltage (∆U) value of microcircuits placed behind the shield and subjected to irradiation with various doses. It was established that an increase in the content of MoO3 and SiO in the glass structure led to an increase of up to 90% in the gamma radiation shielding efficiency, while maintaining the stability of microcircuit performance under prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the use of protective glasses based on TeO2-WO3-Bi2O3-MoO3-SiO is highly promising for creating local protection for the main components of microcircuits and semiconductor devices operating under conditions of increased background radiation or cosmic radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibrag and ov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy I. Shlimas
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibrag and ov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibrag and ov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena Popova
- Centro de Investigación en Astronomía, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Edgars Elsts
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anatoli I. Popov
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sayyed MI, Almousa N, Elsafi M. Green Conversion of the Hazardous Cathode Ray Tube and Red Mud into Radiation Shielding Concrete. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155316. [PMID: 35955250 PMCID: PMC9369814 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed at the utilization of alternate materials, emphasizing hazardous industrial products (red mud and cathode ray tubes), as constituents of radiation shielding concrete. The usage of these hazardous industrial products improves the sustainability and performance of the radiation shielding concrete. Five concrete blocks were cast and their density, compressive strength, gamma shielding factors, radiation absorption ratio, and transmission factor were explored. For this purpose, gamma-ray shielding measurements were done with the help of an HPGe detector. Mix-1, with zero contents of red mud and CRTs, had the lowest LAC. The LAC results demonstrated that the shielding performance of the current concretes would be better with the increase in red mud and cathode ray tube glass. The Transmission factor (TF) for the prepared concretes with a thickness of 2 cm varied between 11.9–26.1% at 0.06 MeV, while it varied between 4–13% for a thickness of 3 cm. The TF results showed that the composites with a thickness of 2, 3, or 5 cm are good shields against lower energy radiation. The radiation absorption ratio (RAR) for the prepared concretes is high at low energy, suggesting that these new composites can absorb most of the low-energy photons. The RAR results emphasize that the increase in CRTs in the new composites enhanced the radiation shielding features, and when the CRT glass is at a maximum, more attenuation was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Nouf Almousa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eke C, Al-Buriahi M. The effect of some modifier oxides on the radiation shielding properties of zirconia doped sodium borosilicate glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
17
|
Sakher E, Smili B, Bououdina M, Bellucci S. Structural Study of Nano-Clay and Its Effectiveness in Radiation Protection against X-rays. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142332. [PMID: 35889557 PMCID: PMC9322616 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing applications of nuclear technology, radiation protection has become very important especially for the environment and the personnel close to radiation sources. Natural clays can be used potentially for shielding the X-ray radiations. In this study, the correlation between structural parameters and radiation shielding performance of natural clay extracted from Algerian Sahara (Adrar, Reggan, and Timimoune) was investigated. Phase composition and structural parameters (lattice parameters, average crystallite size, and microstrain) were determined by the Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction patterns in the frame of HighScore Plus software. The obtained results showed that the studied clays are nanocrystalline (nano-clay) since the calculated crystallite size was ≈3 nm for the feldspar phase. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of all phases already detected by XRD analysis besides Biotite (around the band at 3558 cm−1). The remaining bands corresponded to absorbed and adsorbed water (3432 cm−1 and 1629 cm−1, respectively) and atmospheric CO2 (2356 cm−1). The shielding properties (mass absorption coefficient—µ/ρ and radiative attenuation rate—RA) for (green-yellow, green, and red) clays of Adrar, (red, white, and white-red) clays of Reggan, and red clay of Timimoune at same energy level were examined. The results of clay samples were compared with each other. The obtained results indicated that the green clay of Adrar exhibited the superior radiation shielding, i.e., 99.8% and 243.4 cm2/g for radiative attenuation rate and mass absorption coefficient, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfahem Sakher
- Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Adrar, National Highway No. 06, Adrar 01000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Energy Environment and Information System (LEEIS), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Adrar, National Highway No. 06. Adrar 01000, Algeria;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (S.B.); Tel.: +213-698-14-59-92 (E.S.)
| | - Billel Smili
- Laboratory of Energy Environment and Information System (LEEIS), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Adrar, National Highway No. 06. Adrar 01000, Algeria;
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (S.B.); Tel.: +213-698-14-59-92 (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monte Carlo simulation of the mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number of the Eremurus-Rhizophora ssp. particleboard phantom at the mammography energy range. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
El-Khatib AM, Shalaby TI, Antar A, Elsafi M. Improving Gamma Ray Shielding Behaviors of Polypropylene Using PbO Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113908. [PMID: 35683205 PMCID: PMC9181843 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polymers have entered into many medical and industrial applications. This work aimed to intensively study polypropylene samples (PP) embedded with micro and nanoparticles of PbO for their application in radiation shielding. Samples were prepared by adding 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of PbO microparticles (mPbO) and adding 10% and 50% PbO nanoparticles (nPbO), in addition to the control sample (pure polypropylene). The morphology of the prepared samples was tested; on the other hand, the shielding efficiency of gamma rays was tested for different sources with different energies. The experimental linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was determined using a NaI scintillation detector, the experimental results were compared with NIST-XCOM results, and a good agreement was noticed. The LAC was 0.8005 cm−1 for PP-10%nPbO and 0.6283 cm−1 for PP-10%mPbO while was 5.8793 cm−1 for PP-50%nPbO and 3.9268 cm−1 for PP-50%mPbO at 0.060 MeV. The LAC values have been converted to some specific values, such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) which are useful for discussing the shielding capabilities for gamma-rays. The results of shielding parameters reveal that the PP embedded with nPbO gives better attenuation than its counterpart pp embedded with mPbO at all studied energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Khatib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Thanaa I. Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Antar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Khatib AM, Shalaby TI, Antar A, Elsafi M. Experimental Study of Polypropylene with Additives of Bi 2O 3 Nanoparticles as Radiation-Shielding Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112253. [PMID: 35683923 PMCID: PMC9182889 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to intensively study polypropylene samples (PP) embedded with micro- and nanoparticles of Bi2O3 for their application in radiation shielding. Samples were prepared by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of Bi2O3 microparticles (mBi2O3) by weight, and adding 10% and 50% of Bi2O3 nanoparticles (nBi2O3), in addition to the control sample (pure polypropylene). The morphology of the prepared samples was tested, and also, the shielding efficiency of gamma rays was tested for different sources with different energies. The experimental LAC were determined using a NaI scintillation detector, the experimental results were compared with NIST-XCOM results, and a good agreement was noticed. The LAC values have been used to calculate some specific parameters, such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE), which are useful for discussing the shielding capabilities of gamma rays. The results of the shielding parameters show that the PP embedded with nBi2O3 gives better attenuation than its counterpart, PP embedded with mBi2O3, at all studied energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Khatib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Thanaa I. Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Antar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt; (T.I.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tishkevich DI, Zubar TI, Zhaludkevich AL, Razanau IU, Vershinina TN, Bondaruk AA, Zheleznova EK, Dong M, Hanfi MY, Sayyed MI, Silibin MV, Trukhanov SV, Trukhanov AV. Isostatic Hot Pressed W–Cu Composites with Nanosized Grain Boundaries: Microstructure, Structure and Radiation Shielding Efficiency against Gamma Rays. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101642. [PMID: 35630865 PMCID: PMC9142991 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The W–Cu composites with nanosized grain boundaries and high effective density were fabricated using a new fast isostatic hot pressing method. A significantly faster method was proposed for the formation of W–Cu composites in comparison to the traditional ones. The influence of both the high temperature and pressure conditions on the microstructure, structure, chemical composition, and density values were observed. It has been shown that W–Cu samples have a polycrystalline well-packed microstructure. The copper performs the function of a matrix that surrounds the tungsten grains. The W–Cu composites have mixed bcc-W (sp. gr. Im 3¯ m) and fcc-Cu (sp. gr. Fm 3¯ m) phases. The W crystallite sizes vary from 107 to 175 nm depending on the sintering conditions. The optimal sintering regimes of the W–Cu composites with the highest density value of 16.37 g/cm3 were determined. Tungsten–copper composites with thicknesses of 0.06–0.27 cm have been fabricated for the radiation protection efficiency investigation against gamma rays. It has been shown that W–Cu samples have a high shielding efficiency from gamma radiation in the 0.276–1.25 MeV range of energies, which makes them excellent candidates as materials for radiation protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria I. Tishkevich
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin Ave. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (D.I.T.); (S.V.T.); Tel.: +375-29-562-81-87 (D.I.T.); +375-29-536-86-19 (S.V.T.)
| | - Tatiana I. Zubar
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin Ave. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Zhaludkevich
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Ihar U. Razanau
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Tatiana N. Vershinina
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- Faculty of Natural and Engineering Sciences, Dubna State University, Universitetskaya Str. 19, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Bondaruk
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Ekaterina K. Zheleznova
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Brovki Str. 6, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mengge Dong
- Department of Resource and Environment, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road 3-11, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - Mohamed Y. Hanfi
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Al Hezam Road, Amman 1162, Jordan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxim V. Silibin
- Scientific and Technological Park of Biomedicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str. 2/4, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergei V. Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.T.); (S.V.T.); Tel.: +375-29-562-81-87 (D.I.T.); +375-29-536-86-19 (S.V.T.)
| | - Alex V. Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, P. Brovki Str. 19, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.I.Z.); (A.L.Z.); (I.U.R.); (A.A.B.); (E.K.Z.); (A.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin Ave. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Department of Electronic Materials Technology, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Lenin Ave. 4/1, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
El-khatib A, Abbas MI, Sayyed M, Khandaker MU, Abd-Elzaher M, Khalil MM, Elsafi M, Gouda MM. Assessment of γ-radiation shielding behavior of some mixed nature clays. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
23
|
Hussein KI, Alqahtani MS, Meshawi AA, Alzahrani KJ, Zahran HY, Alshehri AM, Yahia IS, Reben M, Yousef ES. Evaluation of the Radiation Shielding Properties of a Tellurite Glass System Modified with Sodium Oxide. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093172. [PMID: 35591504 PMCID: PMC9100053 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the X-ray and gamma attenuation characteristics and optical properties of a synthesized tellurite–phosphate–sodium oxide glass system with a composition of (85 − x)TeO2–10P2O5–xNa2O mol% (where x = 15, 20, and 25) were evaluated. The glass systems we re fabricated by our research group using quenching melt fabrication. The shielding parameters of as-synthesized systems, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective electron density (Neff) in a wide energy range between 15 keV and 15 MeV, were estimated using well-known PHY-X/PSD software and recently developed MIKE software. Herein, the optical parameters of prepared glasses, such as molar volume (VM), oxygen molar volume (VO), oxygen packing density (OPD), molar polarizability (αm), molar refractivity (Rm), reflection loss (RL), and metallization (M), were estimated using MIKE software. Furthermore, the shielding performance of the prepared glasses was compared with that of commonly used standard glass shielding materials. The results show that the incorporation of sodium oxide into the matrix TeO2/P2O5 with an optimum concentration can yield a glass system with good shielding performance as well as good optical and physical properties, especially at low photon energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid I. Hussein
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.); (K.J.A.)
- Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 2667, Sudan
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.); (K.J.A.)
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Arwa A. Meshawi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.); (K.J.A.)
| | - Khloud J. Alzahrani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.); (K.J.A.)
| | - Heba Y. Zahran
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.Z.); (A.M.A.); (I.S.Y.); (E.S.Y.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. Alshehri
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.Z.); (A.M.A.); (I.S.Y.); (E.S.Y.)
| | - Ibrahim S. Yahia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.Z.); (A.M.A.); (I.S.Y.); (E.S.Y.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab. 2, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Manuela Reben
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH—University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - El Sayed Yousef
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.Y.Z.); (A.M.A.); (I.S.Y.); (E.S.Y.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tekin HO, ALMisned G, Rammah YS, Susoy G, Ali FT, Sen Baykal D, Zakaly HMH, Issa SAM, Ene A. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi 2O 3–P 2O 5–B 2O 3–V 2O 5 quaternary glass system. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors (TFs), and gamma-ray shielding performance of quaternary glass systems with chemical composition (0.25−x)Bi2O3–xB2O3−0.75(50%P2O5−50%V2O5), where x = 0.05 (S1), 0.10 (S2), 0.15 (S3), and 0.20 (S4) mol%, were comprehensively studied. The MCNPX code, Phy-X/PSD software, and the Makishima–Mackenzie model were utilized to achieve the mentioned purposes. The values of the packing density (V
t) decreased from 0.634432 to 0.600611, while those of the dissociation energy (G
t) increased from 51.6125 kJ/cm3 for the S1 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 5 mol%) to 56.7525 kJ/cm3 for the S4 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 20 mol%). This means that the mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing the Bi2O3 content in glasses. Linear (µ) and mass attenuation (µ
m) coefficients for the S4 glass sample were the greatest compared to those for glass materials investigated, i.e., (µ, µ
m)S1 < (µ, µ
m)S2 < (µ, µ
m)S3 < (µ, µ
m)S4. Half- and tenth-value layers (HVL and TVL, respectively) follow the trend: (HVL, TVL)S1 > (HVL, TVL)S2 > (HVL, TVL)S3 > (HVL, TVL)S4. The effective atomic number (Z
eff) of investigated glasses has the same trend as of linear and mass attenuation coefficients. Our findings indicate that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 reinforcement decreased the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values for all mean free path values (0.5–40 mfp). All glasses recorded the minimum TF values at a thickness of 3 cm. The findings would benefit the scientific community in determining the most appropriate additive bismuth(iii) oxide/diboron trioxide type and related glass composition to provide the shielding properties previously mentioned in terms of needs and utilization requirements, as well as the most suitable glass composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ozan Tekin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , 27272 , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
- Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department , Istanbul 34396 , Turkey
| | - Ghada ALMisned
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Saad Rammah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University , Shebin El-Koom 32511 , Menoufia , Egypt
| | - Gulfem Susoy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University , Istanbul 34134 , Turkey
| | - Fatema T. Ali
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Duygu Sen Baykal
- Istanbul Kent University, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Medical Imaging Techniques , Istanbul , 34433 , Turkey
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
| | - Shams A. M. Issa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk , Tabuk 47512 , Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, INPOLDE Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street , 800008 Galati , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Şakar E, Özpolat Ö, Alım B, Alsaif NA, Rammah Y. Evaluation of γ-rays and neutron shielding parameters of high dense bismo-boro-tellurite glasses: Comparative study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Al-Ghamdi H, Sayyed M, Elsafi M, Kumar A, Al-Harbi N, Almuqrin AH, Yasmin S, Khandaker MU. An experimental study measuring the photon attenuation features of the P2O5–CaO–K2O–Na2O–PbO glass system. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
27
|
The Influence of Bi2O3 Nanoparticle Content on the γ-ray Interaction Parameters of Silicon Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051048. [PMID: 35267871 PMCID: PMC8914619 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, synthetic silicone rubber (SR) and Bi2O3 micro- and nanoparticles were purchased. The percentages for both sizes of Bi2O3 were 10, 20 and 30 wt% as fillers. The morphological, mechanical and shielding properties were determined for all the prepared samples. The Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC) values of the silicon rubber (SR) without Bi2O3 and with 5, 10, 30 and 30% Bi2O3 (in micro and nano sizes) were experimentally measured using different radioactive point sources in the energy range varying from 0.06 to 1.333 MeV. Additionally, we theoretically calculated the LAC for SR with micro-Bi2O3 using XCOM software. A good agreement was noticed between the two methods. The NaI (Tl) scintillation detector and four radioactive point sources (Am-241, Ba-133, Cs-137 and Co-60) were used in the measurements. Other shielding parameters were calculated for the prepared samples, such as the Half Value Layer (HVL), Mean Free Path (MFP) and Radiation Protection Efficiency (RPE), all of which proved that adding nano-Bi2O3 ratios of SR produces higher shielding efficiency than its micro counterpart.
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of Se on Structure and Electrical Properties of Ge-As-Te Glass. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051797. [PMID: 35269028 PMCID: PMC8911596 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Ge-As-Te glass has a wide infrared transmission window range of 3–18 μm, but its crystallization tendency is severe due to the metallicity of the Te atom, which limits its development in the mid- and far-infrared fields. In this work, the Se element was introduced to stabilize the Ge-As-Te glass. Some glasses with ΔT ≥ 150 °C have excellent thermal stability, indicating these glasses can be prepared in large sizes for industrialization. The Ge-As-Se-Te (GAST) glasses still have a wide infrared transmission window (3–18 μm) and a high linear refractive index (3.2–3.6), indicating that the GAST glass is an ideal material for infrared optics. Raman spectra show that the main structural units for GAST glass are [GeTe4] tetrahedra, [AsTe3] pyramids, and [GeTe4Se4−x] tetrahedra, and with the decrease of Te content (≤50 mol%), As-As and Ge-Ge homopolar bonds appear in the glass due to the non-stoichiometric ratio. The conductivity σ of the studied GAST glasses decreases with the decrease of the Te content. The highest σ value of 1.55 × 10−5 S/cm is obtained in the glass with a high Te content. The activation energy Ea of the glass increases with the decrease of the Te content, indicating that the glass with a high Te content is more sensitive to temperature. This work provides a foundation for widening the application of GAST glass materials in the field of infrared optics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Novel Shielding Mortars for Radiation Source Transportation and Storage. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New types of mortar, M1 (60% sand, 25% cement, 10% ball clay, and 15% WO3), M2 (50% sand, 25% cement, 10% ball clay, and 25% WO3), M3 (60% sand, 25% cement, 10% Barite, and 15% WO3), and M4 (50% sand, 25% cement, 10% Barite, and 25% WO3), were prepared and the impact of WO3 and barite on their radiation shielding performance and mechanical properties was evaluated. The radiation attenuation factors were evaluated using five radioactive point sources, and a sodium iodide (NaI) scintillation detector (3″ × 3″) was used to detect the attenuation of gamma ray photons emitted from radioactive sources. The density values of the mortar samples lie within the range of 2.358 and 2.602 g/cm3. The compressive strength and the tensile strength of the prepared mortars increased with the increasing percentage of WO3. The M4 mortar had the highest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) value. The LAC results demonstrated that adding barite and a high percentage of WO3 into the mortars notably enhanced the radiation shielding performance of the prepared mortar. The relationship between the half value layer (HVL) and the energy is direct, and so was used to calculate the thickness of mortar needed to absorb or scatter half the number of low-energy photons falling on the samples. At 0.06 MeV, the HVL values of the samples were 0.412, 0.280, 0.242, and 0.184 cm for samples M1–M4, respectively. The highest HVL values, obtained at 1.408 MeV, were 5.516, 5.202, 5.358, and 5.041 cm. Thus, a thinner layer of the M4 sample provided comparable attenuation of photons and radiation protection to the thicker M1–M3 samples. The new material is promising as an effective shield of radiation-emitting sources during transportation and long-term storage.
Collapse
|
30
|
Al-Hadeethi Y, Sayyed MI, Barasheed AZ, Ahmed M, Elsafi M. Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030789. [PMID: 35160735 PMCID: PMC8836671 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, bismuth borate glass samples with the composition of (99-x) B2O3 + 1Cr2O3 + (x) Bi2O3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) were prepared using the melt quenching technique. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the prepared glass samples was measured through a narrow beam technique using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Four point sources were used (241Am, 133Ba, 152Eu, and 137Cs) to measure the MAC for the prepared glasses. The experimental data were compared with the theoretical results obtained from the XCOM, and it was shown that for all samples at all tested energies, the relative deviation between the samples is less than 3%. This finding signifies that the experimental data can adequately be used to evaluate the shielding ability of the glasses. The MAC of the sample with x = 25 wt % was compared with different lead borate glasses and the results indicated that the present sample has high attenuation which is very close to commercial lead borate glasses. We determined the transmission factor (TF), and found that it is small at low energies and increases as the energy increases. The addition of Bi2O3 leads to reduction in the TF values, which improves the shielding performance of the glass system. The half value layer (HVL) of the BCrBi-10 sample was 0.400 cm at 0.595 MeV, 1.619 cm at 0.2447 MeV, and 4.946 cm at 1.4080 MeV. Meanwhile, the HVL of the BCrBi-20 sample is equal to 0.171 and 4.334 cm at 0.0595 and 1.4080 MeV, respectively. The HVL data emphasize that higher energy photons tend to penetrate through the glasses with greater ease than lower energy photons. Furthermore, the fast neutron removable cross section (FNRC) was determined for the present samples and compared with lead borate glass and concrete, and the results showed a remarkable superiority of the bismuth borate glass samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.B.); (M.A.)
- Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Z. Barasheed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Moustafa Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Al-Buriahi M, Tamam N, Somaily H, Alrowaili Z, Saleh H, Olarinoye I, Alwadai N, Mutuwong C, Tonguc B. Estimation of radiation protection ability of borate glass system doped with CdO, PbO, and TeO2. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.109996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
32
|
Enhancement of Ceramics Based Red-Clay by Bulk and Nano Metal Oxides for Photon Shielding Features. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247878. [PMID: 34947471 PMCID: PMC8703634 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We prepared red clays by introducing different percentages of PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO. In order to understand how the introduction of these oxides into red clay influences its attenuation ability, the mass attenuation coefficient of the clays was experimentally measured in a lab using an HPGe detector. The theoretical shielding capability of the material present was obtained using XCOM to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. We found that the experimental and theoretical values agree to a very high degree of precision. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of pure red clay, and red clay with the three metal oxides was determined. The pure red clay had the lowest Zeff of the tested samples, which means that introducing any of these three oxides into the clay will greatly enhance its Zeff, and consequently its attenuation capability. Additionally, the Zeff for red clay with 10 wt% CdO is lower than the Zeff of red clay with 10 wt% Bi2O3 and PbO. We also prepared red clay using 10 wt% CdO nanoparticles and compared its attenuation ability with the red clay prepared with 10 wt% PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO microparticles. We found that the MAC of the red clay with 10 wt% nano-CdO was higher than the MAC of the clay with microparticle samples. Accordingly, nanoparticles could be a useful way to enhance the shielding ability of current radiation shielding materials.
Collapse
|
33
|
Elsafi M, Koraim Y, Almurayshid M, Almasoud FI, Sayyed MI, Saleh IH. Investigation of Photon Radiation Attenuation Capability of Different Clay Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216702. [PMID: 34772229 PMCID: PMC8588141 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to experimentally report the radiation attenuation factors for four different clays (red, ball, kaolin and bentonite clays) at four selected energies (emitted from Am-241, Cs-137, and Co-60). The highest relative difference in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) is equal to −3.02%, but most of the other results are much smaller than this value, proving that the experimental and theoretical data greatly agree with each other. From the MAC results, the shielding abilities of the clay samples at 0.060 MeV follow the order of: bentonite > red > ball > kaolin. Thus, at low energies, the bentonite clay sample provides the most effective attenuation capability out of the tested clays. The half value layer (HVL) increases as energy increases, which suggests that, only a thin clay sample is needed to sufficiently absorb the radiation at low energies, while at higher energies a thicker sample is needed to shield the same amount of high energy radiated. Furthermore, bentonite clay has the lowest HVL, while the kaolin clay has the greatest HVL at all energies. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) values at 0.060 MeV are equal to 97.982%, 97.137%, 94.242%, and 93.583% for bentonite clay, red clay, ball clay, and kaolin clay, respectively. This reveals that at this energy, the four clay samples can absorb almost all of the incoming photons, but the bentonite clay has the greatest attenuation capability at this energy, while kaolin clay has the lowest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Yousry Koraim
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (Y.K.); (I.H.S.)
| | - Mansour Almurayshid
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); or (F.I.A.)
| | - Fahad I Almasoud
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); or (F.I.A.)
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - I. H. Saleh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (Y.K.); (I.H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Implementation of waste silicate glass into composition of ordinary cement for radiation shielding applications. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
35
|
Gamma-Ray Attenuation and Exposure Buildup Factor of Novel Polymers in Shielding Using Geant4 Simulation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175051. [PMID: 34501139 PMCID: PMC8434600 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are often used in medical applications, therefore, some novel polymers and their interactions with photons have been studied. The gamma-ray shielding parameters for Polymethylpentene (PMP), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), and Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymers were determined using the Geant4 simulation and discussed in the current work. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were simulated at low and high energies between 0.059 and 1.408 MeV using different radionuclides. The accuracy of the Geant4 simulated results were checked with the XCOM software. The two different methods had good agreement with each other. Exposure buildup factor (EBF) was calculated and discussed in terms of polymers under study and photon energy. Effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) were calculated and analyzed at different energies. Additionally, the half-value layer (HVL) of the polymers was evaluated, and the results of this parameter showed that PCTFE had the highest probability of interaction with gamma photons compared to those of the other tested polymers.
Collapse
|