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Abdul Sattar M. Surface Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black: A Dual Functional Sustainable Filler for Natural Rubber Composites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301001. [PMID: 37743618 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The significant rise in end-of-life tires (ELTs) globally poses immediate environmental and human health risks. Therefore, to promote ELTs recycling and to reduce tire industry carbon emissions, herein we present a facile approach for fine-tuning the interfacial interactions between pyrolytic carbon black (P-CB) obtained from ELTs and natural rubber (NR) matrix using phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL). The reinforcing effect of PIL-activated P-CB was studied by replacing the furnace-grade carbon black (N330-CB) with varying PIL and P-CB loadings. Adding PIL improved the filler dispersion and the cross-linking kinetics with a substantially reduced zinc oxide (ZnO) loading. Considering the cross-linking and viscoelastic properties, it was concluded that the composite, P-CB/N330-CB-PIL (1.5)+ZnO (1) with half substitution of N330-CB with P-CB synergistically works with 1.5 phr PIL and 1 phr of ZnO resulting in improved dynamic-mechanical properties with a minimal loss tangent value at 60 °C (tanδ=0.0689) and improved glass transition temperature (Tg =-38 °C) compared to control composite. The significant drop (~29 % lower) in tanδ could reduce fuel consumption and related CO2 emissions. We envisage that this strategy opens an essential avenue for "Green Tire Technology" towards the substantial pollution abatement from ELTs and reduces the toxic ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Sattar
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- R&D Centre, MRF Limited, Chennai, 600019, India
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Valtsifer VA, Sivtseva AV, Kondrashova NB, Shamsutdinov AS, Averkina AS, Valtsifer IV, Feklistova IN, Strelnikov VN. Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2537. [PMID: 37764565 PMCID: PMC10536475 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the influence of synthesis conditions, including the use of nonionic structure-forming compounds (surfactants) with different molecular weights (400-12,600 g/mol) and various hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics, as well as the use of a glass substrate and hydrothermal exposure on the texture and structural properties of ZnO samples. By X-ray analysis, it was determined that the synthesis intermediate in all cases is the compound Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2∙2H2O. It was shown that thermolysis of this compound at 600 °C, regardless of the physicochemical properties of the surfactants, leads to the formation of ZnO with a wurtzite structure and spherical or oval particles. The particle size increased slightly as the molecular weight and viscosity of the surfactants grew, from 30 nm using Pluronic F-127 (MM = 12,600) to 80 nm using Pluronic L-31 (MM = 1100), PE-block-PEG (MM = 500) and PEG (MM = 400). Holding the pre-washed synthetic intermediates (Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2∙2H2O) under hydrothermal conditions resulted in the formation of hexagonal ZnO rod crystal structures of various sizes. It was shown that the largest ZnO particles (10-15 μm) were observed in a sample obtained during hydrothermal exposure using Pluronic P-123 (MM = 5800). Atomic adsorption spectroscopy performed comparative quantitative analysis of residual Zn2+ ions in the supernatant of ZnO samples with different particle sizes and shapes. It was shown that the residual amount of Zn2+ ions was higher in the case of examining ZnO samples which have spherical particles of 30-80 nm. For example, in the supernatant of a ZnO sample that had a particle size of 30 nm, the quantitative content of Zn2+ ions was 10.22 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Valtsifer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Anastasia V. Sivtseva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Natalia B. Kondrashova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Artem S. Shamsutdinov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Anastasia S. Averkina
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Igor V. Valtsifer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
| | | | - Vladimir N. Strelnikov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia; (V.A.V.); (A.V.S.); (N.B.K.); (A.S.A.); (I.V.V.); (V.N.S.)
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Sattar MA, Patnaik A. Phosphonium Ionic Liquid-Activated Sulfur Vulcanization: A Way Forward to Reduce Zinc Oxide Levels in Industrial Rubber Formulations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202309. [PMID: 36756929 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of zinc oxide and accelerators such as diphenyl guanidine (DPG) in the vulcanization of rubber composites entail potential environmental risks. These are pervasive contaminants of roadway runoff originating from tire wear particles (TWPs). Herein, the effect of phosphonium ionic liquids (PILs) in styrene-butadiene rubber compounds was demonstrated with reduced ZnO loading and no DPG to minimize the environmental footprint of the vulcanization process. The structure and chemistry of PILs were found to be the influencing parameters impelling the cross-linking kinetics, enabling shorter induction times. The generation of active Zn2+ sites by PILs was examined through FTIR spectroscopy, calorimetry, and molecular dynamics simulations. From a tire application perspective, the PILs not only enhanced the cure kinetics but also improved the dynamic-mechanical behavior of the rubber composites. Consequently, the harm caused by TWPs to the atmosphere, fuel intake, and CO2 emissions was minimal, thereby confirming the potential use of PILs in the tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Sattar
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- R&D Centre, MRF Limited, Chennai, 600019, India
| | - Archita Patnaik
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Nguyen NTT, Nguyen LM, Nguyen TTT, Tran UPN, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. A critical review on the bio-mediated green synthesis and multiple applications of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137301. [PMID: 36410506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, advancements in nanotechnology have efficiently solved many global problems, such as environmental pollution, climate change, and infectious diseases. Nano-scaled materials have played a central role in this evolution. Chemical synthesis of nanomaterials, however, required hazardous chemicals, unsafe, eco-unfriendly, and cost-ineffective, calling for green synthesis methods. Here, we review the green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles and their applications in biochemical, environmental remediation, catalysis, and energy production. Green MgO nanoparticles can be safely produced using biomolecules extracted from plants, fungus, bacteria, algae, and lichens. They exhibited fascinating and unique properties in morphology, surface area, particle size, and stabilization. Green MgO nanoparticles served as excellent antimicrobial agents, adsorbents, colorimetric sensors, and had enormous potential in biomedical therapies against cancers, oxidants, diseases, and the sensing detection of dopamine. In addition, green MgO nanoparticles are of great interests in plant pathogens, phytoremediation, plant cell and organ culture, and seed germination in the agricultural sector. This review also highlighted recent advances in using green MgO nanoparticles as nanocatalysts, nano-fertilizers, and nano-pesticides. Thanks to many emerging applications, green MgO nanoparticles can become a promising platform for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoan Thi Thao Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Luan Minh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Uyen P N Tran
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Van Hien University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
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Sreethu TK, Das M, Parathodika AR, Bhattacharya AB, Naskar K. Understanding the role of
ZnO
as activator in
SBR
vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized
ZnO. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mithun Das
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | | | - Asit Baran Bhattacharya
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
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Le Cam JB. Fast Evaluation and Comparison of the Energy Performances of Elastomers from Relative Energy Stored Identification under Mechanical Loadings. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030412. [PMID: 35160404 PMCID: PMC8839231 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The way in which elastomers use mechanical energy to deform provides information about their mechanical performance in situations that require substantial characterization in terms of test time and cost. This is especially true since it is usually necessary to explore many chemical compositions to obtain the most relevant one. This paper presents a simple and fast approach to characterizing the mechanical and energy behavior of elastomers, that is, how they use the mechanical energy brought to them. The methodology consists of performing one uniaxial cyclic tensile test with a simultaneous temperature measurement. The temperature measurement at the specimen surface is processed with the heat diffusion equation to reconstruct the heat source fields, which in fact amounts to surface calorimetry. Then, the part of the energy involved in the mechanical hysteresis loop that is not converted into heat can be identified and a quantity γse is introduced for evaluating the energy performance of the materials. This quantity is defined as an energy ratio and assesses the ability of the material to store and release a certain amount of mechanical energy through reversible microstructure changes. Therefore, it quantifies the relative energy that is not used to damage the material, for example to propagate cracks, and that is not dissipated as heat. In this paper, different crystallizable materials have been considered, filled and unfilled. This approach opens many perspectives to discriminate, in an accelerated way, the factors affecting these energetic performances of elastomers, at the first order are obviously the formulation, the aging and the mechanical loading. In addition, such an approach is well adapted to better characterize the elastocaloric effects in elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Le Cam
- Institut de Physique UMR 6251 CNRS de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10B, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France
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Wang L, Du M, Shan G, Wu Z, Song Y, Zheng Q. Low heat generation from organic zinc as a curing activator in rubber and rubber composites under large strain. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Miao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou Quzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ziliang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Polymer Synthesis and Functional Structure Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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