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Vijayakumar N, Sanjay AV, Al-Ghanim KA, Nicoletti M, Baskar G, Kumar R, Govindarajan M. Development of Biodegradable Bioplastics with Sericin and Gelatin from Silk Cocoons and Fish Waste. TOXICS 2024; 12:453. [PMID: 39058105 PMCID: PMC11281016 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The bioplastics sector promotes environmentally friendly means of cutting down on the usage of fossil fuels, plastic waste, and environmental pollution. Plastic contamination has detrimental effects on both ecological systems and the global food supply. The approach we present here to resolve this issue involves the integration of sericin and gelatin, obtained from cocoon and fish waste, respectively, with nano-reinforced cellulose crystals, to develop a biodegradable and compostable plastic material. The use of cocoon and fish wastes for the extraction of sericin and gelatin presents an environmentally beneficial approach since it contributes to waste reduction. The sericin level found in silk cocoon waste was determined to be 28.08%, and the gelatin amount in fish waste was measured to be 58.25%. The inclusion of sericin and gelatin in bioplastics was accompanied by the incorporation of glycerol, vinegar, starch, sodium hydroxide, and other coloring agents. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) examination of bioplastics revealed the presence of functional groups that corresponded to the sericin and gelatin components. The tensile strength of the bioplastic material was measured to be 27.64 MPa/psi, while its thickness varied between 0.072 and 0.316 mm. The results of burial experiments indicated that the bioplastic material had a degradation rate of 85% after 14 days. The invention exhibits potential as a viable alternative for packaging, containment, and disposable plastic materials. The use of this sustainable approach is recommended for the extraction of sericin and gelatin from silk cocoons and fish waste, with the intention of using them as raw materials for bioplastic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natesan Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.V.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Aathiyur Velumani Sanjay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.V.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Khalid A. Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, In Unam Sapientiam, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India;
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ranvijay Kumar
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chang TC, Cao JL, Lin YS, Huang SL. Enhanced antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activities of Praeparatum mungo and three of its derivatives. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21405. [PMID: 38049455 PMCID: PMC10696035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to explore the functions of Praeparatum mungo (PM) and three of its derivatives, Praeparatum mungo/turmeric (PM/T), Praeparatum mungo/bromelain (PM/B), and Praeparatum mungo/inorganic elements (PM/IE). The results indicated that additives included in the fermentation process of PM enhanced PM's antioxidant properties. PM/B exhibited the highest total phenolic content (19.18 ± 0.46 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing power. PM/IE exhibited the highest ABTS free radical scavenging activity and chelating ferrous ion activity. PM/T exhibited the best inhibitory tyrosinase activity. The 625 μg/mL PM extract can extensively reduce nitric oxide production of RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by 1 μg/mL LPS and exhibited no cytotoxicity for anti-inflammatory applications. Additives in PM natural fermentation process can enhance antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory properties of PM for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chin Chang
- Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Ling Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Ling Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
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Kim JY, Kim SG, Garagiola U. Relevant Properties and Potential Applications of Sericin in Bone Regeneration. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6728-6742. [PMID: 37623245 PMCID: PMC10453912 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of sericin, a protein derived from silkworms, is explored in bone graft applications. Sericin's biocompatibility, hydrophilic nature, and cost-effectiveness make it a promising candidate for enhancing traditional graft materials. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV-resistant properties contribute to a healthier bone-healing environment, and its incorporation into 3D-printed grafts could lead to personalized medical solutions. However, despite these promising attributes, there are still gaps in our understanding. The precise mechanism through which sericin influences bone cell growth and healing is not fully understood, and more comprehensive clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term biocompatibility in humans. Furthermore, the best methods for incorporating sericin into existing graft materials are still under investigation, and potential allergic reactions or immune responses to sericin need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Zhu H, Zhang XX, Zhang R, Feng JY, Thakur K, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Anti-hardening effect and mechanism of silkworm sericin peptide in high protein nutrition bars during early storage. Food Chem 2023; 407:135168. [PMID: 36508867 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hardening presents an inevitable challenge during the storage of high protein nutrition bars. Sericin peptide is the product of hydrolysis of sericin, a protein from the silkworm cocoon. Here in, the effects of sericin peptide addition on the hardening of high protein nutrition bars during 72 h of storage were investigated. The addition of sericin peptide to high protein nutrition bars reduced the hardening of the sample during the early storage, The main mechanism was to improve the mobility of water and small hydrophilic molecules, which slowed down the phase separation. As well, after sericin peptide addition, the ζ- potential, the content of secondary structure, and the surface hydrophobicity of the samples were also changed, which prevented the self-aggregation of proteins. These results indicate that SRP can be used as a promising anti-hardening ingredient in the food industry to improve the texture of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Yu Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Sericin-Based Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol Relieves Plaque and Epidermal Lesions in Psoriasis; a Chance for Dressing Development in a Specific Area. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010145. [PMID: 36613589 PMCID: PMC9820396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The noncontagious immune-mediated skin disease known as psoriasis is regarded as a chronic skin condition with a 0.09-11.4% global prevalence. The main obstacle to the eradication of the disease continues to be insufficient treatment options. Sericin, a natural biopolymer from Bombyx mori cocoons, can improve skin conditions via its immunomodulatory effect. Many external therapeutic methods are currently used to treat psoriasis, but sericin-based hydrogel is not yet used to treat plaques of eczema. Through the use of an imiquimod rat model, this study sought to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of a silk sericin-based poly(vinyl) alcohol (SS/PVA) hydrogel and assess both its therapeutic and toxic effects on psoriasis. The cytokines, chemokines, and genes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis were investigated, focusing on the immuno-pathological relationships. We discovered that the SS/PVA had a stable fabrication and proper release. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties of SS/PVA reduced the severity of psoriasis in both gross and microscopic skin lesions. This was demonstrated by a decrease in the epidermal histopathology score, upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and interleukin (IL)-10, and a decrease in the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-20. Moreover, the genes S100a7a and S100a14 were downregulated. Additionally, in rats given the SS/PVA treatment, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels were within normal limits. Our findings indicate that SS/PVA is safe and may be potentiated to treat psoriasis in a variety of forms and locations of plaque because of its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
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Silva AS, Costa EC, Reis S, Spencer C, Calhelha RC, Miguel SP, Ribeiro MP, Barros L, Vaz JA, Coutinho P. Silk Sericin: A Promising Sustainable Biomaterial for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224931. [PMID: 36433058 PMCID: PMC9699483 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk is a natural composite fiber composed mainly of hydrophobic fibroin and hydrophilic sericin, produced by the silkworm Bombyx mori. In the textile industry, the cocoons of B. mori are processed into silk fabric, where the sericin is substantially removed and usually discarded in wastewater. This wastewater pollutes the environment and water sources. However, sericin has been recognized as a potential biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, immunocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Moreover, sericin can produce hydrogels, films, sponges, foams, dressings, particles, fibers, etc., for various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications (e.g., tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, cosmetics). Given the severe environmental pollution caused by the disposal of sericin and its beneficial properties, there has been growing interest in upcycling this biomaterial, which could have a strong and positive economic, social and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. Silva
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C. Costa
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sara Reis
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carina Spencer
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sónia P. Miguel
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maximiano P. Ribeiro
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Josiana A. Vaz
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.C.); (P.C.)
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Biganeh H, Kabiri M, Zeynalpourfattahi Y, Costa Brancalhão RM, Karimi M, Shams Ardekani MR, Rahimi R. Bombyx mori cocoon as a promising pharmacological agent: A review of ethnopharmacology, chemistry, and biological activities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10496. [PMID: 36105465 PMCID: PMC9465338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk cocoon, naturally produced by silkworms scientifically named Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae), is one of the well-known medicinal agents with several therapeutic activities. The present study aims to review the various aspects of the silk cocoon, including chemical composition, traditional uses, biological and biotechnological activities, and toxicological issues, to provide a scientific source for scholars. For this purpose, Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and traditional literature, were searched up to December 2021. According to the historical data, silk farming is acknowledged as one of the most ancient agricultural findings. The silk is generally composed of 75–83% fibroin, 17–25% sericin, and 1–5% non-sericin components, including secondary metabolites, wax, pigments, carbohydrates, and other impurities. Flavonoids, especially quercetin and kaempferol, alkaloids, coumarin derivatives, and phenolic acids, are among the secondary metabolites isolated from the silk cocoon. In recent years the biological properties of the silk cocoon, especially its major proteins, namely fibroin and sericin, have drawn special attention. Scientific literature has investigated several pharmacological effects of the silk cocoon and its ingredients, including cardioprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, gastroprotective, as well as ameliorated skin health activities. In addition, it has been extensively taken into consideration in drug delivery and tissue engineering study fields. Furthermore, its toxicity is in acceptable range.
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Liu J, Shi L, Deng Y, Zou M, Cai B, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang L. Silk sericin-based materials for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121638. [PMID: 35921729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk sericin, a natural protein extracted from silkworm cocoons, has been extensively studied and utilized in the biomedical field because of its superior biological activities and controllable chemical-physical properties. Sericin is biocompatible and naturally cell adhesive, enabling cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in sericin-based materials. Moreover, its abundant functional groups from variable amino acids composition allow sericin to be chemically modified and cross-linked to form versatile constructs serving as alternative matrixes for biomedical applications. Recently, sericin has been constructed into various types of biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including various bulk constructions (films, hydrogels, scaffolds, conduits, and devices) and micro-nano formulations. In this review, we systemically summarize the properties of silk sericin, introduce its different forms, and demonstrate their newly-developed as well as potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meizhen Zou
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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