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Iyer D, Galadari M, Wirawan F, Huaco V, Martinez R, Gallagher MT, Pilon L, Ono K, Simonetti DA, Sant GN, Srivastava S. High-Strength Organic-Inorganic Composites with Superior Thermal Insulation and Acoustic Attenuation. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:86-97. [PMID: 38371729 PMCID: PMC10870751 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate facile fabrication of highly filled, lightweight organic-inorganic composites comprising polyurethanes covalently linked with naturally occurring clinoptilolite microparticles. These polyurethane/clinoptilolite (PUC) composites are shown to mitigate particle aggregation usually observed in composites with high particle loadings and possess enhanced thermal insulation and acoustic attenuation compared with conventionally employed materials (e.g., drywall and gypsum). In addition to these functional properties, the PUC composites also possess flexural strengths and strain capacities comparable to and higher than ordinary Portland cement (OPC), respectively, while being ∼1.5× lighter than OPC. The porosity, density, and mechanical and functional properties of these composites are tuned by systematically varying their composition (diisocyanate, polyurethane, and inorganic contents) and the nature of the organic (reactivity and source of polyol) components. The fabrication process involves mild curing conditions and uses commonly available reagents (naturally occurring aluminosilicate particles, polyols, and diisocyanate), thereby making the process scalable. Finally, the composite properties are shown to be independent of the polyol source (virgin or recycled), underlining the generality of this approach for the scalable utilization of recycled polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Iyer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mohammad Galadari
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fernaldy Wirawan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Vanessa Huaco
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ricardo Martinez
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Laurent Pilon
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kanji Ono
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dante A. Simonetti
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute
for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gaurav N. Sant
- Institute
for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute
for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Murcia DH, Al Shanti S, Hamidi F, Rimsza J, Yoon H, Gunawan B, Abdellatef M, Taha MR. Development and Characterization of a Sustainable Bio-Polymer Concrete with a Low Carbon Footprint. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030628. [PMID: 36771929 PMCID: PMC9921866 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer concrete (PC) has been used to replace cement concrete when harsh service conditions exist. Polymers have a high carbon footprint when considering their life cycle analysis, and with increased climate change concerns and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emission, bio-based polymers could be used as a sustainable alternative binder to produce PC. This paper examines the development and characterization of a novel bio-polymer concrete (BPC) using bio-based polyurethane used as the binder in lieu of cement, modified with benzoic acid and carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The mechanical performance, durability, microstructure, and chemical properties of BPC are investigated. Moreover, the effect of the addition of benzoic acid and MWCNTs on the properties of BPC is studied. The new BPC shows relatively low density, appreciable compressive strength between 20-30 MPa, good tensile strength of 4 MPa, and excellent durability resistance against aggressive environments. The new BPC has a low carbon footprint, 50% lower than ordinary Portland cement concrete, and can provide a sustainable concrete alternative in infrastructural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heras Murcia
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Siham Al Shanti
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Fatemeh Hamidi
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jessica Rimsza
- Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0748, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Hongkyu Yoon
- Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0748, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Budi Gunawan
- Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0748, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Mohammed Abdellatef
- Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0748, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Mahmoud Reda Taha
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(505)-277-1258; Fax: +1-(505)-277-1988
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Glass Fibers Reinforced Concrete: Overview on Mechanical, Durability and Microstructure Analysis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155111. [PMID: 35897549 PMCID: PMC9331547 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies in the literature show promising results regarding the improvements in strength and durability of concrete upon incorporation of glass fibers into concrete formulations. However, the knowledge regarding glass fiber usage in concrete is scattered. Moreover, this makes it challenging to understand the behavior of glass fiber-reinforced concrete. Therefore, a detailed review is required on glass fiber-reinforced concrete. This paper provides a compressive analysis of glass fiber-reinforced composites. All-important properties of concrete such as flowability, compressive, flexural, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were presented in this review article. Furthermore, durability aspects such as chloride ion penetration, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and acid resistance were also considered. Finally, the bond strength of the fiber and cement paste was examined via scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that glass fibers improved concrete’s strength and durability but decreased the concrete’s flowability. Higher glass fiber doses slightly decreased the mechanical performance of concrete due to lack of workability. The typical optimum dose is recommended at 2.0%. However, a higher dose of plasticizer was recommended for a higher dose of glass fiber (beyond 2.0%). The review also identifies research gaps that should be addressed in future studies.
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