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Săvescu C, Comeagă D, Stoicescu A. Optimization of cantilever piezoelectric harvester to triangular shape with material reduction using finite element analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33209. [PMID: 39040420 PMCID: PMC11260922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The paper studies the piezoelectric output performance of a piezoelectric harvester with four piezoceramic layers, assessing if the piezoelectric material can be reduced. The shape optimization regards cantilevers with trapezoidal or triangular longitudinal sections, maintaining comparable electric response with the original rectangular structure. The piezoelectric material is subjected to maximum mechanical stress in the fixed constrained area, decreasing gradually down to null stress towards the free tip. It is worthwhile to study if the material reduction would result in an increased effectiveness in terms of voltage output per unit volume of piezoelectric material. The simulations conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics employ Structural Mechanics - Piezoelectric Devices module, in a Multiphysics approach through Piezoelectric Effect, coupling Solid Mechanics with Electrostatics. It was found that the electric response increases per unit volume of piezoelectric material in triangular configuration with material reduction. A comparable voltage output is obtained after reducing the amount of piezoceramic material towards the free tip, while using an inertial mass of the same value. Hence, the piezoelectric material is used more effectively in the case of triangular cantilever with material cutdown than the traditional rectangular shaped cantilever. The paper also addresses shape optimization while maintaining the same mechanical stress, studying the response when increasing the tip mass for the purpose. All the structures render an even more significantly increased power output for matching optimum load resistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Săvescu
- Romanian Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, Bucharest, 061126, Romania
- National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Daniel Comeagă
- National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Adrian Stoicescu
- Romanian Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, Bucharest, 061126, Romania
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Yang C, Yuan Y, Wang H, Tang Y, Gui J. Research on Vibration Energy Harvester Based on Two-Dimensional Acoustic Black Hole. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:538. [PMID: 36984944 PMCID: PMC10059936 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The wave energy focus effect of an acoustic black hole (ABH) is used for broadband vibration energy harvesting and boosts the harvested power. A vibration energy harvester based on two-dimensional ABH is proposed in this study, which consists of a rectangle plate with 2-D ABH and PZT film attached. The structure of ABH was designed and analyzed based on numerical simulation. The optimal parameters of the ABH were obtained, such as the power index, truncation thickness, cross-sectional length, and round table diameter, which were 3, 0.4 mm, 40 mm, and 24 mm, respectively. The quadratic velocity of the plate surface with ABH is up to 22.33 times that of a flat plate, and PZT film adheres to the corresponding positions of the ABH structure and plate structure, respectively. In the same condition, the average output power of a PZT with an ABH structure is higher than that of a flat plate under the same excitation-vibration condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Numerical Control & Servo Technology, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yikai Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Numerical Control & Servo Technology, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Numerical Control & Servo Technology, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ye Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingsong Gui
- Wuhu Ruilong Robot Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China
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Yin B, Wei J, Jiang X, Liu Y. A Pavement Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Small Input Displacements. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:292. [PMID: 36837992 PMCID: PMC9958574 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to collect mechanical energy from human motions on pavement without an obvious disturbance, a piezoelectric harvester for small displacement is proposed. A seesaw mechanism is utilized to transmit the pressure displacement to piezoelectric beams. Benefitting from the superiority of used axially deformed beams, the designed scheme can produce a higher voltage than the ones based on the conventional bending cantilever. Favorable electrical energy is achieved by the manufactured prototype under a displacement lower than 1 mm. Two practical applications, including charging a capacitor and powering an environmental sensing node, demonstrate the feasibility of this energy harvester in supplying power for engineering devices. The proposed device shows a favorable capacity to capture energy from humans walking on pavements. Also, this category of axially deformed beam could provide ideas for developing piezoelectric harvesters under small displacements.
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Gaidai O, Cao Y, Xing Y, Wang J. Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Response Statistics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020271. [PMID: 36837974 PMCID: PMC9963450 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Safety and reliability are essential engineering concerns for energy-harvesting installations. In the case of the piezoelectric galloping energy harvester, there is a risk that excessive wake galloping may lead to instability, overload, and thus damage. With this in mind, this paper studies bivariate statistics of the extreme, experimental galloping energy harvester dynamic response under realistic environmental conditions. The bivariate statistics were extracted from experimental wind tunnel results, specifically for the voltage-force data set. Authors advocate a novel general-purpose reliability approach that may be applied to a wide range of dynamic systems, including micro-machines. Both experimental and numerically simulated dynamic responses can be used as input for the suggested structural reliability analysis. The statistical analysis proposed in this study may be used at the design stage, supplying proper characteristic values and safeguarding the dynamic system from overload, thus extending the machine's lifetime. This work introduces a novel bivariate technique for reliability analysis instead of the more general univariate design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Gaidai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yihan Xing
- Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Material Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Junlei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Hu K, Wang M. Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Coupling Resonance Frequency Tuning. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:105. [PMID: 36677166 PMCID: PMC9865955 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The bandwidth of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can be broadened by resonance-based frequency tuning approaches, including mechanical tuning and electrical tuning. In this work, a new coupling tuning mechanism for regulating the near-open-circuit resonance frequency by changing the effective electrode coverage (EEC) is presented. A linear model of a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever with segmented electrodes is used to evaluate the power harvesting behavior near the open-circuit resonance frequency when EEC changes from 0 to 100%. According to the theoretical analysis, it is found that the variation of EEC brings about the change in coupling strength, which is positively associated with the near-open-circuit resonance frequency of PEH. Two cantilever PEHs with segmented electrodes based on PZT and PZT-PT are constructed for validation of the coupling tuning mechanism. The analytical and experimental results illustrate remarkable improvements in both bandwidth and average power through the coupling resonance frequency tuning method. In addition, adopting extraordinary piezoelectric single crystals and optimizing the proof mass and piezoelectric layer dimensions were theoretically shown to be effective methods for further improvement of bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hu
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Khazaee M. High-Level Vibration for Single-Frequency and Multi-Frequency Excitation in Macro-Composite Piezoelectric (MFC) Energy Harvesters, Nonlinearity, and Higher Harmonics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010001. [PMID: 36677062 PMCID: PMC9867476 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an extensive experimental investigation to identify the influence of signal parameters on a piezoelectric harvester's performance. A macro-fibre composite energy harvester was studied as an advanced, flexible, high-performance energy material. Gaussian white noise, and single-frequency and multi-frequency excitation were used to investigate nonlinearity and multiple-frequency interactions. Using single low and high frequencies, we identified the nonlinearity of the harvester's vibration. Multi-frequency excitation with a series of low-to-high-frequency harmonics mimicked the practical vibration signal. Under such multi-frequency excitation, the harvester's nonlinear behaviour was studied. Finally, the interaction effects among multiple frequencies were identified. The results show that under pure resonant excitation, high-level vibration led to high-level mechanical strain, which caused nonlinear vibration behaviour. Moreover, it was shown that the different harmonics excited the various structure bending modes, which caused the nonlinearity of multi-frequency excitation. The first four harmonics of the real-time signal were important. The experimental results emphasise the resonant nonlinearity and interactions of multi-frequency excitation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khazaee
- Department of AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Pontopidanstraede 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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Rusinek R. Dynamics and Application of Modern, Smart, and Active Elements or Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8852. [PMID: 36556658 PMCID: PMC9782001 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Special Issue (SI) "Dynamics and Application of Modern, Smart, and Active Elements or Structures" is focused on covering all of the newest outcomes and trends in the nonlinear mechanics of systems and structures with smart, active, and modern materials [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Rusinek
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Zhang Q, Yan Y, Han J, Hao S, Wang W. Dynamic Design of a Quad-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester via Bifurcation Theory. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8453. [PMID: 36366150 PMCID: PMC9655575 DOI: 10.3390/s22218453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The parameter tuning of a multi-stable energy harvester is crucial to enhancing harvesting efficiency. In this paper, the bifurcation theory is applied to quantitatively reveal the effects of structural parameters on the statics and dynamics of a quad-stable energy harvester (QEH). Firstly, a novel QEH system utilizing the geometric nonlinearity of springs is proposed. Static bifurcation analysis is carried out to design quad-stable working conditions. To investigate the cross-well and high-energy vibration, the complex dynamic frequency (CDF) method, suitable for both weakly and strongly nonlinear dynamic problems, is then applied to deduce the primary response solution. By using the unfolding analysis in singularity theory, four steady-state properties and dozens of primary resonance modes are demonstrated. Based on the transition set, the effective bandwidth for energy harvesting can be customized to adapt well to various vibration environments by parametric adjustment. Finally, the experimental tests verify that the output power can reach up to 1 mW. The proposed QEH and its mechanics optimization can guide energy supply for next-generation wireless systems and low-power sensors under magnetic forbidding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yucheng Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianxin Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Speed Cutting and Precision Machining, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Shuying Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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