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Petropavlovskaya V, Zavadko M, Novichenkova T, Petropavlovskii K, Sulman M. The Use of Aluminosilicate Ash Microspheres from Waste Ash and Slag Mixtures in Gypsum-Lime Compositions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4213. [PMID: 37374397 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The article considered the issues of the modification of gypsum stone to improve its performance properties. The influence of mineral additives on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified gypsum composition is described. The composition of the gypsum mixture included slaked lime and an aluminosilicate additive in the form of ash microspheres. It was isolated from ash and slag waste from fuel power plants as a result of their enrichment. This made it possible to reduce the carbon content in the additive to 3%. Modified compositions of the gypsum composition are proposed. The binder was replaced with an aluminosilicate microsphere. Hydrated lime was used to activate it. Its content varied: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of the weight of the gypsum binder. Replacing the binder with an aluminosilicate product for the enrichment of ash and slag mixtures made it possible to improve the structure of the stone and increase its operational properties. The compressive strength of the gypsum stone was 9 MPa. This is more than 100% higher than the strength of the control composition of gypsum stone. Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of using an aluminosilicate additive-a product of enrichment of ash and slag mixtures. The use of an aluminosilicate component for the production of modified gypsum mixtures allows the saving of gypsum resources. Developed formulations of gypsum compositions using aluminosilicate microspheres and chemical additives provide the specified performance properties. This makes it possible to use them in the production of self-leveling floors, plastering and puttying works. Replacing traditional compositions with a new composition based on waste has a positive effect on the preservation of the natural environment and contributes to the formation of comfortable conditions for human habitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Zavadko
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Tatiana Novichenkova
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail Sulman
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia
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Fediuk R, Ali M. Recyclable Materials for Ecofriendly Technology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7133. [PMID: 36295198 PMCID: PMC9607045 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This Special Issue (SI), "Recyclable Materials for Ecofriendly Technology", has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of environmentally friendly designed construction and building materials. For this purpose, dozens of articles were included or considered for inclusion in this SI, covering various aspects of the topic. A comparison of these articles with other modern articles on this topic is carried out, which proves the prospects and relevance of this SI. Furthermore, per the editorial board's journal suggestion, the second volume of this successful SI is being organized, in which authors from various countries and organizations are invited to publish their new and unpublished research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fediuk
- Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mujahid Ali
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Prakash R, Divyah N, Srividhya S, Avudaiappan S, Amran M, Naidu Raman S, Guindos P, Vatin NI, Fediuk R. Effect of Steel Fiber on the Strength and Flexural Characteristics of Coconut Shell Concrete Partially Blended with Fly Ash. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124272. [PMID: 35744338 PMCID: PMC9229043 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The construction industry relies heavily on concrete as a building material. The coarse aggregate makes up a substantial portion of the volume of concrete. However, the continued exploitation of granite rock for coarse aggregate results in an increase in the future generations’ demand for natural resources. In this investigation, coconut shell was used in the place of conventional aggregate to produce coconut shell lightweight concrete. Class F fly ash was used as a partial substitute for cement to reduce the high cement content of lightweight concrete. The impact of steel fiber addition on the compressive strength and flexural features of sustainable concrete was investigated. A 10% weight replacement of class F fly ash was used in the place of cement. Steel fiber was added at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% of the concrete volume. The results revealed that the addition of steel fibers enhanced the compressive strength by up to 39%. The addition of steel fiber to reinforced coconut shell concrete beams increased the ultimate moment capacity by 5–14%. Flexural toughness was increased by up to 45%. The span/deflection ratio of all fiber-reinforced coconut shell concrete beams met the IS456 and BS 8110 requirements. Branson’s and the finite element models developed in this study agreed well with the experimental results. As a result, coconut shell concrete with steel fiber could be considered as a viable and environmentally-friendly construction material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaiah Prakash
- Department of Civil Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi 630001, India
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Nagarajan Divyah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641013, India;
| | - Sundaresan Srividhya
- Department of Civil Engineering, Varuvan Vadivelan Institute of Technology, Dharmapuri 636703, India;
| | - Siva Avudaiappan
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Centro Nacional de Excelenciapara la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Mugahed Amran
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Amran University, Amran 9677, Yemen
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Sudharshan Naidu Raman
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Pablo Guindos
- Centro Nacional de Excelenciapara la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.I.V.); (R.F.)
| | - Roman Fediuk
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.I.V.); (R.F.)
- Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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Chin WQ, Lee YH, Amran M, Fediuk R, Vatin N, Kueh ABH, Lee YY. A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051713. [PMID: 35268940 PMCID: PMC8911278 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of bricks commonly consumes relatively high natural resources. To reduce the carbon footprint in the brick production industry, repurposing industrial wastes in the making of sustainable bricks is a recent trend in research and application. Local wastes, such as oil palm shell (OPS), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), and quarry dust (QD), are massively produced annually in the palm oil-exporting countries. Moreover, QD from mining industries is hazardous to both water and air quality. For better waste management in marching towards sustainability, these wastes should be given their second life as construction materials. Therefore, this paper investigates the possibility of incorporating agro-industrial wastes into the brick mixture by examining their properties by means of several standardized tests. For the mix design, a 100% replacement of coarse aggregate with OPS, 20% replacement of cement with POFA, 20% cement weight of limestone as admixture, and 0 to 50% replacements of fine aggregate with QD are experimentally considered. The optimum mix of these wastes is preliminarily determined by focusing on high compressive strength as an indicator. Other examinations include splitting tensile, flexural strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Although the agro-industrial waste cement brick is 18% lower in the strength to weight ratio compared to that of conventional, it is observed that it has better late strength development due to its POFA pozzolanic properties. Moreover, the proposed green cement brick is further checked for compliance with several standards for feasible use in the construction industry. Financially, the cost for the brick with the new mix design is almost equivalent to that of conventional. Hence, this green cement brick is reasonable to be employed in the construction industry to promote material sustainability for better waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan Chin
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia; (W.Q.C.); (Y.H.L.)
| | - Yeong Huei Lee
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia; (W.Q.C.); (Y.H.L.)
| | - Mugahed Amran
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Amran University, Amran 9677, Yemen
- Correspondence:
| | - Roman Fediuk
- Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Nikolai Vatin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia; (A.B.H.K.); (Y.Y.L.)
| | - Yee Yong Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia; (A.B.H.K.); (Y.Y.L.)
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The Effect of POFA-Gypsum Binary Mixture Replacement on the Performance of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties Enhancements of Clays. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041532. [PMID: 35208072 PMCID: PMC8874557 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft clay is categorized as problematic due to its weak and dispersive properties which requires stabilization. In Malaysia, there is another challenge, the increment of palm oil waste productions to meet the global demand for food oil. These two concerns motivate engineers to develop novel strategies for exploiting palm oil waste in soil stabilization. Utilizing POFA as a soil stabilizing agent is an economical and sustainable option due to that POFA contains high pozzolanic characteristics which make it more suitable and reliable to treat soft soil. This study uses the replacement portion of the soil with stabilizing agents -POFA and Gypsum; aiming to achieve Malaysia green technology goals by the balance of the economic expansion and environmental privilege. However, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of POFA-gypsum binary mixture replacement on the performance of mechanical and microstructural properties en-hancements of clays. Kaolin S300 is the control sample whereas POFA and gypsum are the used binders. The mechanical properties and shear strength with the curing period were tested. Results showed that treated clay marked increment of optimum water contents and reduction of maximum dry densities, a clear 200% of enhancement of treated clay’s compressive and shear strength with curing period as well as the amount of stabilizing agent to less than 15% of POFA and 6% of POFA. It is also found that as gypsum contains a high amount of lime (CaO), the results illustrate that strength raises significantly even with less curing time due to its high reactivity compared to silica and alu-mina. Overall, the results show an enhancement of mechanical and shear strength properties of treated kaolin supported by microstructural SEM imaging.
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