1
|
Dulaimi A, Al Busaltan S, Mydin MAO, Lu D, Özkılıç YO, Jaya RP, Ameen A. Innovative geopolymer-based cold asphalt emulsion mixture as eco-friendly material. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17380. [PMID: 37833353 PMCID: PMC10576059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in cold asphalt emulsion mixture (CAEM) due to its numerous advantages, including reduced CO2 emissions, energy savings, and improved safety during construction and application. However, CAEM has often been considered inferior to hot mix asphalt (HMA) in terms of performance. To address this issue and achieve desirable performance characteristics, researchers have been exploring the modification of CAEM using high-cost additives like ordinary Portland cement. In this study, the focus was on investigating the effects of utilizing waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and calcium carbide residue (CCR) as modifiers to enhance the properties of CAEM. The aim was to develop an innovative geopolymer geopolymer-based cold asphalt emulsion mixture (GCAE). The results of the study revealed that the use of waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution led to an increase in early hydration, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the experimental findings demonstrated that waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution significantly contributed to the rapid development of early-age strength in GCAE. As a result, GCAE showed great potential for utilization in pavement applications, particularly for roads subjected to harsh service conditions involving moisture and temperature. By exploring these alternative modifiers, the study highlights a promising avenue for enhancing the performance of CAEM and potentially reducing the reliance on expensive additives like ordinary Portland cement. The development of GCAE has the potential to offer improved performance and durability in pavement applications, thus contributing to sustainable and efficient road infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Dulaimi
- College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq.
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 2ET, UK.
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq.
| | - Shakir Al Busaltan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Md Azree Othuman Mydin
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Dong Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42000, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Arman Ameen
- Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, University of Gävle, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abbass AM, Elrahman MA, Abdel-Gawwad HA, Stephan D. Critical parameters affecting the thermal resistance of alkali-activated aluminosilicate wastes: Current understanding and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84874-84897. [PMID: 37369899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Many research articles and reviews have recognized alkali-activated materials (AAMs) as eco-friendly alternative binders to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their economic andenvironmental advantages. However, few literature surveys reported the physical, mechanical and microstructural changes that occur after the exposure of AAMs to elevated temperatures. Owing to the wide diversity in the properties of aluminosilicates, alkali-activation conditions, and additives, a deep survey is needed to understand how different factors can affect the performance of AAMs under elevated temperatures. Therefore, this review extensively discusses the impact of recent critical parameters, including aluminosilicate compositions, aggregate type and mineral, micro, and nano additives, on the behavior of AAMs under thermal load. It can be concluded that regardless of alkali-activator type and concentration, alkali-activated fly ash shows higher thermal resistance than alkali-activated metakaolin and slag. Moreover, the presence of an adequate amount of calcium can increase the thermal stability of AAMs, while the iron has a varying effect on the thermal resistance of AAMs, either positively or negatively. Compared with all additives and aggregates, using waste glass and lightweight aggregates enhanced the thermal resistance of AAMs. Howerver, some types of aggregate having a binding ability which increase the residual strength after heat exposure. Considering the fineness of materials, evaluating the role of nano and micro materials on the properties of AAMs at high temperatures is reviewed. Based on this survey, several promising topics for future work are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abbass
- Department of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Institute of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elrahman
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Abdel-Gawwad
- Raw Building Materials and Processing Technology Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dietmar Stephan
- Department of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Institute of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suwan T, Jitsangiam P, Thongchua H, Rattanasak U, Bualuang T, Maichin P. Properties and Microstructures of Crushed Rock Based-Alkaline Activated Material for Roadway Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093181. [PMID: 35591516 PMCID: PMC9103002 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide demand for roads to serve global economic growth has led to the increasing popularity of road improvement using cement. This, in turn, has led to increased demand for cement and the associated problem of CO2 emissions. Alkaline-activated materials (AAMs) could be an alternative binder for relatively low strength construction and rehabilitation as a cement replacement material. Compared to other applications, the lower strength requirements of road construction materials could ease any difficulties with AAM production. In this study, crushed rock (CR) was used as a prime raw material. The mechanisms and microstructures of the hardened AAM were investigated along with its mechanical properties. The results showed that CR-based AAM with an optimum mixture of 5 M of NaOH concentration, an SS/SH ratio of 1.00, and a liquid alkaline-to-binder (L/B) ratio of 0.5 could be used for roadway applications. At this ratio, the paste samples cured at room temperature (26 ± 3 °C) had an early compressive strength (3 days-age) of 3.82 MPa, while the paste samples cured at 60 °C had an early compressive strength of 6.45 MPa. The targeted strength results were able to be applied to a cement-treated base (CTB) for pavement and roadway applications (2.1 to 5.5 MPa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teewara Suwan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Huay Kaew Road, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Peerapong Jitsangiam
- Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Huay Kaew Road, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.B.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-053-944-157
| | - Hemwadee Thongchua
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Huay Kaew Road, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ubolluk Rattanasak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Thanon Bualuang
- Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Huay Kaew Road, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Phattharachai Maichin
- Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Huay Kaew Road, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.B.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|