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Medellín-Castillo NA, González-Fernández LA, Ocampo-Pérez R, Leyva-Ramos R, Luiz-Dotto G, Flores-Ramírez R, Navarro-Frómeta AE, Aguilera-Flores MM, Carrasco-Marín F, Hernández-Mendoza H, Aguirre-Contreras S, Sánchez-Polo M, Ocaña-Peinado FM. Efficient removal of triclosan from water through activated carbon adsorption and photodegradation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118162. [PMID: 38218517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the application of adsorption with activated carbons (ACs) and photodegradation to reduce the concentration of triclosan (TCS) in aqueous solutions. Concerning adsorption, ACs (Darco, Norit, and F400) were characterised and batch experiments were performed to elucidate the effect of pH on equilibrium. The results showed that at pH = 7, the maximum adsorption capacity of TCS onto the ACs was 18.5 mg g-1 for Darco, 16.0 mg g-1 for Norit, and 15.5 mg g-1 for F400. The diffusional kinetic model allowed an adequate interpretation of the experimental data. The effective diffusivity varied and increased with the amount of TCS adsorbed, from 1.06 to 1.68 × 10-8 cm2 s-1. In the case of photodegradation, it was possible to ensure that the triclosan molecule was sensitive to UV light of 254 nm because the removal was over 80 % using UV light. The removal of TCS increased in the presence of sulfate radicals. It was possible to identify 2,4-dichlorophenol as one of the photolytic degradation products of triclosan, which does not represent an environmental hazard at low concentrations of triclosan in water. These results confirm that the use of AC Darco, Norit, and F400 and that photodegradation processes with UV light and persulfate radicals are effective in removing TCS from water, reaching concentration levels that do not constitute a risk to human health or environmental hazard. Both methods effectively eliminate pollutants with relatively easy techniques to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Andrés Medellín-Castillo
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 8, Zona Universitaria, 78290, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico; Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Lázaro Adrián González-Fernández
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 8, Zona Universitaria, 78290, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico; Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Ocampo-Pérez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Roberto Leyva-Ramos
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Guilherme Luiz-Dotto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima N° 1000, Cidade Universitária Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, Av. Sierra Leona #550, Lomas 2a, Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Amado Enrique Navarro-Frómeta
- Technological University of Izucar de Matamoros, De Reforma 168, Campestre La Paz, 74420, Izucar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Mauricio Aguilera-Flores
- Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico; National Polytechnic Institute, Blvd. Del Bote 202, Cerro Del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Ciudad Administrativa, 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Desert Zones Research Institute, Altair No. 200, Col. Del Llano, 78377, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Samuel Aguirre-Contreras
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
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Sreńscek-Nazzal J, Kamińska A, Serafin J, Michalkiewicz B. Chemical Activation of Banana Peel Waste-Derived Biochar Using KOH and Urea for CO 2 Capture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:872. [PMID: 38399123 PMCID: PMC10890707 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and characterization of porous carbon derived from waste banana peels by chemical activation with KOH or by activation KOH and urea modification. The as-synthesized samples were carefully characterized by various techniques. The prepared carbonaceous materials possess highly developed micropore and mesopore structures and high specific surface area (up to 2795 cm2/g for materials synthetized with KOH and 2718 cm2/g for activated carbons prepared with KOH and urea). A series of KOH-activated samples showed CO2 adsorption at 1 bar to 5.75 mmol/g at 0 °C and 3.74 mmol/g at 25 °C. The incorporation of nitrogen into the carbon sorbent structure increased the carbon uptake capacity of the resulting materials at 1 bar to 6.28 mmol/g and to 3.86 mmol/g at 0 °C and 25 °C, respectively. It was demonstrated that treatment with urea leads to a significant increase in nitrogen content and, consequently, CO2 adsorption, except for the material carbonized at 900 °C. At such a high temperature, almost complete decomposition of urea occurs. The results presented in this work could be used in the future for utilization of biomass such as banana peels as a low-cost adsorbent for CO2 capture, which could have a positive impact on the environment and human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.S.-N.); (A.K.)
| | - Adrianna Kamińska
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.S.-N.); (A.K.)
| | - Jarosław Serafin
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Beata Michalkiewicz
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.S.-N.); (A.K.)
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Kiełbasa K. Activated biocarbons derived from molasses as new tailored CO 2 adsorbents. Front Chem 2023; 11:1184389. [PMID: 37405246 PMCID: PMC10315491 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1184389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An innovative and cost-effective method for enhancing CO2 capture by modifying the textural properties of derived activated biocarbons was explored. A molasses solution was prepared with a sucrose concentration of 1 mol/dm3. A two-step synthesis process was involved, which includes the hydrothermal synthesis of spherical carbonaceous materials from molasses followed by chemical activation. The carbonaceous material to activation agent ratio was studied from 1 to 4. The CO2 adsorption of all activated biocarbons was tested at 0, 10, and 20°C and a pressure of up to 1 bar. The results showed a significant correlation between CO2 adsorption and the textural properties of the activated biocarbons. The activated biocarbon with the highest CO2 adsorption of 7.1 mmol/g at 1 bar and 0°C was successfully produced by modifying with KOH. The selectivity of CO2 over N2 calculated on the basis of the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory was excellent (16.5). The Sips model was found to be the most suitable, and the isosteric heats of adsorption were also specified.
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The Capture and Transformation of Carbon Dioxide in Concrete: A Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most commonly used engineering materials in the world. Carbonation of cement-based materials balances the CO2 emissions from the cement industry, which means that carbon neutrality in the cement industry can be achieved by the carbon sequestration ability of cement-based materials. Carbon dioxide is a symmetrical molecule and is difficult to separate. This work introduces the important significance of CO2 absorption by using cement-based materials, and summarizes the basic characteristics of carbonation of concrete, including the affected factors, mathematical modeling carbonization, and the method for detecting carbonation. From the perspective of carbon sequestration, it mainly goes through carbon capture and carbon storage. As the first stage of carbon sequestration, carbon capture is the premise of carbon sequestration and determines the maximum amount of carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration with carbonization reaction as the main way has been studied a lot, but there is little attention to carbon capture performance. As an effective way to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of cement-based materials, increasing the total amount of carbon sequestration can become a considerably important research direction.
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Kwiatkowski M, Hu X, Pastuszyński P. Analysis of the Influence of Activated Carbons' Production Conditions on the Porous Structure Formation on the Basis of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Isotherms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7939. [PMID: 36431425 PMCID: PMC9694499 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The results of a study of the impact of activation temperature and the mass ratio of the activator to the carbonised precursor on the porous structure of nitrogen-doped activated carbons obtained from lotus leaves by carbonisation and chemical activation with sodium amide (NaNH2) are presented. The analyses were carried out via the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, the Dubinin-Raduskevich, and the density functional theory methods applied to carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms. Carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms' analysis provided much more detailed and reliable information about the pore structure analysed. The analyses showed that the surface area of the analysed activated carbons is strongly heterogeneous, but the analysed activated carbons are characterised by a bimodal pore structure, i.e., peaks are clearly visible, first in the range of pore size from about 0.6 to 2.0 nm and second in the range from about 2.0 to 4.0 nm. This pore structure provides optimal adsorption performance of carbon dioxide molecules in the pore structure both for adsorption at atmospheric pressure, which requires the presence of narrow pores for the highest packing density, as well as for adsorption at higher pressures, which requires the presence of large micropores and small mesopores. However, there are no micropores smaller than 0.5 nm in the analysed activated carbons, which precludes their use for carbon dioxide adsorption for processes conducted at pressures less than 0.01 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Piotr Pastuszyński
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Kiełbasa K, Bayar Ş, Varol EA, Sreńscek-Nazzal J, Bosacka M, Miądlicki P, Serafin J, Wróbel RJ, Michalkiewicz B. Carbon Dioxide Adsorption over Activated Carbons Produced from Molasses Using H 2SO 4, H 3PO 4, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as Activating Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:7467. [PMID: 36364295 PMCID: PMC9653830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective activated carbons for CO2 adsorption were developed from molasses using H2SO4, H3PO4, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as activating agents. At the temperature of 0 °C and a pressure of 1 bar, CO2 adsorption equal to 5.18 mmol/g was achieved over activated carbon obtained by KOH activation. The excellent CO2 adsorption of M-KOH can be attributed to its high microporosity. However, activated carbon prepared using HCl showed quite high CO2 adsorption while having very low microporosity. The absence of acid species on the surface promotes CO2 adsorption over M-HCl. The pore size ranges that are important for CO2 adsorption at different temperatures were estimated. The higher the adsorption temperature, the more crucial smaller pores were. For 1 bar pressure and temperatures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 °C, the most important were pores equal and below: 0.733, 0.733, 0.679, and 0.536 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kiełbasa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Şahin Bayar
- Faculty of Engineering, Deptarment of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Esin Apaydin Varol
- Faculty of Engineering, Deptarment of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Bosacka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Miądlicki
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Serafin
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafał J. Wróbel
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Michalkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
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Mathematical analysis of the effect of process conditions on the porous structure development of activated carbons derived from Pine cones. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15301. [PMID: 36096909 PMCID: PMC9468022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the influence of the degree of impregnation and activation temperature on the formation of the porous structure of activated carbons (ACs) obtained from Pine cones by the chemical activation process using potassium hydroxide as an activator. The advanced new numerical clustering based adsorption analysis (LBET) method, together with the implemented unique numerical procedure for the fast multivariant identification were applied to nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms determined for porous structure characterization of the ACs. Moreover, the Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory (QSDFT) method was chosen to determine pore size distributions. The results showed a significant influence of the primary structure of Pine cones on the formation of the porous structure of the developed ACs. Among others, it was evidenced by a very high degree of surface heterogeneity of all the obtained ACs, irrespective of the degree of impregnation with potassium hydroxide and the activation temperature. Moreover, the analysis of carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms showed, that the porous structure of the studied ACs samples contains micropores accessible only to carbon dioxide molecules. The results also showed a significant advantage of the LBET method over those conventionally used for porous structure analysis based on Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Raduskevich (DR) equations, because it takes into account surface heterogeneities. The novel analyses methods were more fully validated as a reliable characterization tool, by extending their application to the isotherms for ACs developed from the same precursor by phosphoric acid activation, and for samples arising from these ACs, further subjected to additional post-treatments. The effect of the raw material used as precursor was moreover analysed by comparison with previous reported results for other ACs. The complementarity of the results obtained with the LBET and QSDFT methods is also noteworthy, resulting in a more complete and reliable picture of the analyzed porous structures.
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Duan T, Qian B, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Xie F, Zou H, Zhou X, Song Y, Sheng Y. Preparation of CaCO3:Eu3+@SiO2 and its application on adsorption of Tb3+. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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