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Mugri MH, Jain S, Sayed ME, Halawi AHA, Hamzi SAI, Aljohani RAS, Madkhali ZMA, Khalid A, Jokhadar HF, Almarzouki M, Alhumaidan GA, Alshahrani AA, Alqahtani SM, Alqahtani NM, Lunkad H. Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM-Milled, and Conventional Denture Base Materials: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020491. [PMID: 36831026 PMCID: PMC9953001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco consumption in its different forms can affect the optical and surface properties of dental materials that are used in the oral cavity. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two commercially available smokeless tobacco products on the color stability and surface roughness of denture base resins that were fabricated using three different techniques (CAD/CAM milling, 3D printing, and conventional heat polymerization). A total of 126 denture base resin specimens were fabricated using the three different manufacturing techniques (n = 42 each). Specimens from each group were further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 14 each) and immersed in three different immersion media (a khaini suspension, a tabbaq suspension, and artificial saliva). The differences in color and surface roughness were assessed according to data that were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. The tabbaq smokeless tobacco was found to cause greatest changes in color and surface roughness; the effect was observed to be highest in the 3D-printed specimens followed by the conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM milled specimens. The mean changes in color and surface roughness were the highest for the tabbaq smokeless tobacco followed by the khaini smokeless tobacco and the artificial saliva. Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) differences were observed among all techniques and suspensions. We concluded that the mean changes in color and surface roughness were significantly higher for the 3D-printed dentures compared to the conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM-milled dentures. Thus, the results of the present study strengthened the concept that tobacco in any form can lead to changes in the color and surface roughness of denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (M.E.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Hossam F. Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Almarzouki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Dental Technology, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Honey Lunkad
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Menéndez López-Mateos C, Menéndez López-Mateos ML, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Gómez-Moreno G, Carreño JC, Khaldy H, Menéndez-Núñez M. Salivary Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners versus Self-Ligating Brackets: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123531. [PMID: 35743601 PMCID: PMC9225360 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine advanced the oxidative protein products (AOPPs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in the saliva of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear removable aligners in comparison with another group in treatment with fixed passive self-ligating brackets applying light forces, before treatment, after 30 days, and after 90 days of treatment. This non-randomized clinical trial recruited patients consecutively, all of which were over 18 years of age and due to undergo orthodontic treatment. They were divided into two groups according to treatment type: Group A, 48 patients treated with clear aligners (Invisalign®); and Group B, 19 patients treated with Damon System® 0.22″ self-ligating brackets applying light forces. Saliva samples were collected by a single clinician following the same protocol and underwent three analyses—AOPPs, TAC, and MPO levels–at baseline before placing the apparatus, after 30 days, and after 90 days treatment. Orthodontic treatment, whether with clear aligners or fixed self-ligating brackets and light forces, increased AOPPs after the first 30 days of treatment. During the initial phases of orthodontic treatment, neither clear aligners nor fixed self-ligating brackets applying light forces showed changes in TAC and MPO. Orthodontic treatment with both clear aligners and fixed apparatus self-ligating brackets applying light forces increases oxidative stress (AOPPs) after the first 30 days of treatment. There are no differences in AOPP levels between treatment with clear aligners and self-ligating brackets during the first 90 days of treatment. The antioxidative capacity of saliva during the initial phases of orthodontic treatment, whether with self-ligating brackets or clear aligners, does not undergo significant changes. With either orthodontic technique, the patients’ salivary antioxidant capacity is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menéndez López-Mateos
- Department of Stomatology IV, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Luisa Menéndez López-Mateos
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.M.L.-M.); (A.A.-S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Antonio Aguilar-Salvatierra
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.M.L.-M.); (A.A.-S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.M.L.-M.); (A.A.-S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | | | - Hoda Khaldy
- Scientific Instrumentation Center, University of Granada, Paseo Professor Juan Osorio s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mario Menéndez-Núñez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.M.L.-M.); (A.A.-S.); (G.G.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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