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Martínez-Martínez S, Bouguermouh K, Bouzidi N, Mahtout L, Sánchez-Soto PJ, Pérez-Villarejo L. Preparation of Geopolymeric Materials from Industrial Kaolins, with Variable Kaolinite Content and Alkali Silicates Precursors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1839. [PMID: 38673195 PMCID: PMC11050848 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, the development of geopolymeric materials with Na or K based on industrial kaolin samples, with variable kaolinite content and alkaline silicates, is studied. XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS have been used as characterization techniques. Three ceramic kaolin samples, two from Algeria and one from Charente (France), have been considered. In particular, chemical and mineralogical characterization revealed elements distinct of Si and Al, and the content of pure kaolinite and secondary minerals. Metakaolinite was obtained by grinding and sieving raw kaolin at 80 μm and then by thermal activation at 750 °C for 1 h. This metakaolinite has been used as a base raw material to obtain geopolymers, using for this purpose different formulations of alkaline silicates with NaOH or KOH and variable Si/K molar ratios. The formation of geopolymeric materials by hydroxylation and polycondensation characterized with different Si/Al molar ratios, depending on the original metakaolinite content, has been demonstrated. Sodium carbonates have been detected by XRD and FTIR, and confirmed by SEM-EDS, in two of these geopolymer materials being products of NaOH carbonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Mechanical & Mining Engineering, Linares Higher Polytechnic School, University of Jaén, Cinturón Sur s/n, 23700 Linares, Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), University of Jaén, Campus “Las Lagunillas”, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Karima Bouguermouh
- Laboratoire de Technologie des Matériaux et de Génie des Procédés (LTMGP), Faculté de Technologie, Université A. Mira-Béjaïa, Terga Ouzemmour, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (K.B.); (N.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Nedjima Bouzidi
- Laboratoire de Technologie des Matériaux et de Génie des Procédés (LTMGP), Faculté de Technologie, Université A. Mira-Béjaïa, Terga Ouzemmour, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (K.B.); (N.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Laila Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Technologie des Matériaux et de Génie des Procédés (LTMGP), Faculté de Technologie, Université A. Mira-Béjaïa, Terga Ouzemmour, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (K.B.); (N.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto
- Institute of Materials Science of Sevilla (ICMS), Joint Center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Luis Pérez-Villarejo
- Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), University of Jaén, Campus “Las Lagunillas”, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Linares Higher Polytechnic School, University of Jaén, Cinturón Sur s/n, 23700 Linares, Spain
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Fatimah I, Citradewi PW, Iqbal RM, Ghazali SAISM, Yahya A, Purwiandono G. Geopolymer from Tin Mining tailings Waste using Salacca Leaves Ash as Activator for Dyes and Peat Water Adsorption. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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