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Bakirov A, Kopishev E, Kadyrzhan K, Donbaeva E, Zhaxybayeva A, Duisembiyev M, Suyundikova F, Suleimenov I. The Method of Direct and Reverse Phase Portraits as a Tool for Systematizing the Results of Studies of Phase Transitions in Solutions of Thermosensitive Polymers. Gels 2024; 10:395. [PMID: 38920941 PMCID: PMC11203281 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
It is shown that a more than significant amount of experimental data obtained in the field of studying systems based on thermosensitive hydrophilic polymers and reflected in the literature over the past decades makes the issue of their systematization and classification relevant. This, in turn, makes relevant the question of choosing the appropriate classification criteria. It is shown that the basic classification feature can be the number of phase transition stages, which can vary from one to four or more depending on the nature of the temperature-sensitive system. In this work, the method of inverse phase portraits is proposed for the first time. It was intended, among other things, to identify the number of phase transition stages. Moreover, the accuracy of this method significantly exceeds the accuracy of the previously used method of direct phase portraits since, for the first time, the operation of numerical differentiation is replaced by the operation of numerical integration. A specific example of the application of the proposed method for the analysis of a previously studied temperature-sensitive system is presented. It is shown that this method also allows for a quantitative comparison between the results obtained by the differential calorimetry method and the turbidimetry method. Issues related to increasing the resolution of the method of direct phase portraits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhat Bakirov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Institute of Communications and Space Engineering, Gumarbek Daukeev Almaty University of Power Engineering and Communications, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Eldar Kopishev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (A.Z.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Kaisarali Kadyrzhan
- Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Institute of Communications and Space Engineering, Gumarbek Daukeev Almaty University of Power Engineering and Communications, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Elvira Donbaeva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (A.Z.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Aigerim Zhaxybayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (A.Z.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Marat Duisembiyev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (A.Z.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Faiziya Suyundikova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (A.Z.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Ibragim Suleimenov
- National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
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Piotrowski M, Maras P, Kozicki M. On the Use of the Fricke-Pluronic F-127 Gel Dosimeter for Radiation Isocenter Testing of a Medical Linear Accelerator. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1521. [PMID: 38612035 PMCID: PMC11012804 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 2D radiochromic dosimeter with a flat-bed scanner for 2D reading and a dedicated data processing software package as a tool for performing coincidence testing of the radiation and mechanical isocenter of a medical accelerator. The optimal irradiation parameters were determined as follows: monitor units per beam and multi-leaf collimator gap, which are ≤750-≤2500 MU and 2-5 mm, respectively, for a cuboidal container with dimensions of 12 × 12 × 0.3 cm3. Despite the diffusion of Fe3+ ions occurring during irradiation, 2D reading can be performed at least 3 h after irradiation, without affecting the calculation performance of the coincidence test. The test was successfully performed for various irradiation settings. Overall, the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 dosimeter has proven to be a potential tool for the coincidence testing of medical accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Piotrowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Maras
- Department of Radiotherapy Planning, Copernicus Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marek Kozicki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
- GeVero Co., 90-980 Lodz, Poland
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Wang K, Zhang W, Qi Y, Hu X, Zhang X, Chang S, Zhang H. Radiation‐sensitive nanogel‐incorporated Fricke hydrogel dosimeters with reduced diffusion rates. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Yameng Qi
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Shuquan Chang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices Southeast University Nanjing China
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Brambilla E, Locarno S, Gallo S, Orsini F, Pini C, Farronato M, Thomaz DV, Lenardi C, Piazzoni M, Tartaglia G. Poloxamer-Based Hydrogel as Drug Delivery System: How Polymeric Excipients Influence the Chemical-Physical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173624. [PMID: 36080699 PMCID: PMC9460339 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogelling amphiphilic block copolymers have been widely investigated in the development of pharmaceutical drug carriers. In particular, thermosensitive gels based on poloxamer 407 (P407) have great potential for periodontal disease treatment, thanks to their ability to be liquid at room temperature and become viscous gels at body temperature. However, some problems, related to short in situ residence time, reduce their feasible clinical use. Thus, in order to improve the effective applicability of these materials, we studied how P407 thermogels are affected by the pH and by the inclusion of different hydrophilic polymers, used as excipients for increasing the gel stiffness. For this scope, a complete chemical-physical characterization of the synthesized gels is provided, in terms of determination of sol-gel transition temperature, viscosity and erosion degree. The data are correlated according to a statistical multivariate approach based on Principal Component Analysis and their mucoadhesion properties are also tested by Tapping mode-Atomic Force Microscopy (TM-AFM) imaging. Finally, we studied how the different P407 formulations are able to influence the release pathway of two antibacterial drugs (i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate and doxycycline hyclate) largely used in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brambilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of General and Organic Chemistry Section “A. Marchesini”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Locarno
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Gallo
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Pini
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piazzoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
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Impact of Salt on Thermal Stability and Dose Response of the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 3D Radiotherapy Dosimeter. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155223. [PMID: 35955164 PMCID: PMC9369736 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 has recently been proposed as a 3D dosimeter for radiotherapy. It contains the typical ingredients of the Fricke ionizing radiation dosimeter, which are embedded in a physical gel of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127). The main reactions upon irradiation are the conversion of Fe+2 to Fe+3 and the formation of a colored complex with XO ([XO-Fe]+3). The study attempts to optimize the dosimeter in terms of its solution-to-gel transition temperature. In order to lower this temperature, the use of NaCl salt has been proposed. The new composition was characterized in order to obtain information on its thermal performance, storage stability, dose response to irradiation with a medical accelerator emitting different types of radiation, and tissue equivalence. The results obtained show an improvement in the sol-gel transition temperature and dose sensitivity compared to the composition without NaCl and broaden the knowledge of the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127.
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How Xylenol Orange and Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate Influence the Dosimetric Properties of PVA–GTA Fricke Gel Dosimeters: A Spectrophotometric Study. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040204. [PMID: 35448105 PMCID: PMC9025870 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Fricke gel (FG) dosimeters based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the gelling agent and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as the cross-linker has enabled significant improvements in the dose response and the stability over time of spatial radiation dose distributions. However, a standard procedure for preparing FG in terms of reagent concentrations is still missing in the literature. This study aims to investigate, by means of spectrophotometric analyses, how the sensitivity to the radiation dose and the range of linearity of the dose–response curve of PVA-GTA-FG dosimeters loaded with xylenol orange sodium salt (XO) are influenced by ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) and XO concentrations. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations of such compounds on self-oxidation phenomena in the dosimeters was evaluated. PVA-GTA-FG dosimeters were prepared using XO concentrations in the range 0.04–0.80 mM and FAS in the range 0.05–5.00 mM. The optical absorbance properties and the dose response of FG were investigated in the interval 0.0–42.0 Gy. The results demonstrate that the amount of FAS and XO determines both the sensitivity to the absorbed dose and the interval of linearity of the dose–response curve. The study suggests that the best performances of FG dosimeters for spectrophotometric analyses can be obtained using 1.00–0.40 mM and 0.200–0.166 mM concentrations of FAS and XO, respectively.
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