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Gu Z, Liang Y, Xia K, Guan Y, He L, Wang X, Dai S, Shen X, Liu Z. Chalcogenide GRIN glasses with high refractive index and large refractive index difference for LWIR imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37162-37173. [PMID: 38017851 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Gradient refractive index (GRIN) materials utilize an internally tailored refractive index in combination with the designed curvature of the optical element surface, providing the optical designer with additional freedom for correcting chromatic and spherical aberrations. In this paper, new GRIN materials suitable for the second (3-5 µm) and third (8-12 µm) atmospheric windows were successfully developed by the thermal diffusion method based on Ge20As20Se60-xTex series high refractive index glasses, where the maximum refractive index difference (Δn) at 4 µm and 10.6 µm were 0.281 and 0.277, respectively. The diffusion characteristics and refractive index distribution of the GRIN glass were analyzed by Raman characterization. Furthermore, the performance of GRIN singlet and homogeneous singlet in the LWIR band (8 µm, 10.6 µm (primary wavelength), 12 µm) was compared, and the results showed that the GRIN singlet had better chromatic aberration correction and unique dispersion characteristics.
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Li Z, Zhao Y, You T, Zhu J, Xia M, Lu P, Zhang X, Xu Y. Infrared Evanescent Wave Sensing Based on a Ge 10As 30Se 40Te 20 Fiber for Alcohol Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4841. [PMID: 37430755 DOI: 10.3390/s23104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Infrared evanescent wave sensing based on chalcogenide fiber is an emerging technology for qualitative and quantitative analysis of most organic compounds. Here, a tapered fiber sensor made from Ge10As30Se40Te20 glass fiber was reported. The fundamental modes and intensity of evanescent waves in fibers with different diameters were simulated with COMSOL. The 30 mm length tapered fiber sensors with different waist diameters, 110, 63, and 31 μm, were fabricated for ethanol detection. The sensor with a waist diameter of 31 μm has the highest sensitivity of 0.73 a.u./% and a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.195 vol.% for ethanol. Finally, this sensor has been used to analyze alcohols, including Chinese baijiu (Chinese distilled spirits), red wine, Shaoxing wine (Chinese rice wine), Rio cocktail, and Tsingtao beer. It is shown that the ethanol concentration is consistent with the nominal alcoholicity. Moreover, other components such as CO2 and maltose can be detected in Tsingtao beer, demonstrating the feasibility of its application in detecting food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianxiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jihong Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company (YOFC), Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Mengling Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institut Des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Kang Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Tao H, Xu Y. High Refractive Index GRIN Lens for IR Optics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2566. [PMID: 37048860 PMCID: PMC10095208 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Infrared gradient refractive index (GRIN) material lenses have attracted much attention due to their continuously varying refractive index as a function of spatial coordinates in the medium. Herein, a glass accumulation thermal diffusion method was used to fabricate a high refractive index GRIN lens. Six Ge17.2As17.2SexTe(65-x) (x = 10.5-16) glasses with good thermal stability and high refractive index (n@10 μm > 3.1) were selected for thermal diffusion. The refractive index span (∆n) of 0.12 was achieved in this GRIN lens. After thermal diffusion, the lens still had good transmittance (45%) in the range of 8-12 μm. Thermal imaging confirmed that this lens can be molded into the designed shape. The refractive index profile was indirectly characterized by the structure and composition changes. The structure and composition variation became linear with the increase in temperature from 260 °C to 270 °C for 12 h, indicating that the refractive index changed linearly along the axis. The GRIN lens with a high refractive index could find applications in infrared optical systems and infrared lenses for thermal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Research Center, Nanjing Wavelength Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haizheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Das TK, Jesionek M, Kępińska M, Nowak M, Kotyczka-Morańska M, Zubko M, Młyńczak J, Kopczyński K. SbI 3·3S 8: A Novel Promising Inorganic Adducts Crystal for Second Harmonic Generation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16031105. [PMID: 36770110 PMCID: PMC9921455 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past twenty years, the basic investigation of innovative Non-Linear Optical (NLO) crystals has received significant attention, which has built the crucial heritage for the use of NLO materials. Fundamental research is essential given the scarcity of materials for NLO compounds, especially in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) and middle- and far-infrared (MFIR) regions. In the present work, we synthesized high-quality MFIR SbI3·3S8 NLO crystals having a length in the range of 1-5 mm through rapid facile liquid phase ultrasonic reaction followed by the assistance of instantaneous natural evaporation phenomenon of the solvent at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results ratify the hexagonal R3m structure of SbI3·3S8 crystal, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) demonstrates that the elemental composition of SbI3·3S8 crystal is similar to that of its theoretical composition. The direct and indirect forbidden energy gaps of SbI3·3S8 were measured from the optical transmittance spectra and they were shown to be 2.893 eV and 1.986 eV, respectively. The green sparkling signal has been observed from the crystal during the second harmonic generation (SHG) experiment. Therefore, as inorganic adducts are often explored as NLO crystals, this work on the MFIR SbI3·3S8 NLO crystal can bring about additional investigations on this hot topic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Das
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Jesionek
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Kępińska
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marian Nowak
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jarosław Młyńczak
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kopczyński
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Chahal S, Prabhudessai AG, Shekhawat R, Vinoth S, Ramesh K. Structure-property relationships in critically connected (GeTe 4) 100-x(As 2Se 3) x glasses. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12100-12113. [PMID: 35903976 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal, optical, mechanical and structural studies were carried out on glasses in the pseudo-binary joint GeTe4-As2Se3 prepared by a melt quenching method. (GeTe4)100-x(As2Se3)x glasses in the entire composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 100 have an average coordination number (Zav) = 2.4, where the glass forming ability is found to be maximum. In general, for Zav ≤ 2.4, the glass transition is found to be dominated by the network connectivity and the chemical composition effects are minimal. Although Zav of Ge20Te80 (GeTe4) and As2Se3 (As40Se60) is 2.4, GeTe4 is a poor glass former and As2Se3 is an excellent glass former. The glass-forming ability is expected to increase with the addition of As2Se3. Surprisingly, the glass forming ability is found to decrease with the initial addition of As2Se3 and then shows an increasing trend. Glass transition (Tg) shows a large variation from 175 °C for x = 0 to 108 °C for x = 30. Based on the variation in the properties, the tie-line can be divided into three regions: region I (0 ≤ x ≤ 20) where Tg shows a decreasing trend, region II (25 ≤ x ≤ 55) where Tg remains almost constant and region III (60 ≤ x ≤ 100) where Tg shows an increasing trend. Hardness measurement also shows a similar trend in the three regions. Thermal stability shows a continuous increase with the increase of As2Se3. The fragility index varies between 15 and 30 for all these glasses except for x = 0 (GeTe4) indicating the strong nature of the melts containing As2Se3. Raman studies indicate that the glassy network is dominated mainly by GeTe(4/2) in region I and in region III the network is dominated by AsSe(3/2) based structures. Glasses in region II are found to be dominated by AsTe3/2 based structures. This study brings out the dominance of chemical composition effects over the network connectivity in a critically coordinated network. These glasses are also found to transmit IR light up to 18 μm and offer a wide composition range to prepare bulk glasses to be useful for infrared applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chahal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | | | - Roopali Shekhawat
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - S Vinoth
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - K Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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