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Boeckers H, Mues MP, Bredehöft JH, Swiderek P. Electron-induced hydroamination of ethane as compared to ethene: implications for the reaction mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2140-2152. [PMID: 38131607 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04840c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The properties of carbonaceous materials with respect to various applications are enhanced by incorporation of nitrogen-containing moieties like, for instance, amino groups. Therefore, processes that allow the introduction of such functional groups into hydrocarbon compounds are of utmost interest. Previous studies have demonstrated that hydroamination reactions which couple amines to unsaturated sites within hydrocarbon molecules do not only proceed in the presence of suitably tailored catalysts but can also be induced and controlled by electron irradiation. However, studies on electron-induced hydroaminations so far were guided by the hypothesis that unsaturated hydrocarbons are required for the reaction while the reaction would be much less efficient in the case of saturated hydrocarbons. The present work evaluates the validity of this hypothesis by post-irradiation thermal desorption experiments that monitor the electron energy-dependent yield of ethylamine after electron irradiation of mixed C2H4:NH3 and C2H6:NH3 ices with the same composition and thickness. The results reveal that, in contrast to the initial assumption, ethylamine is formed with similar efficiency in both mixed ices. From the dependence of the product yields on the electron energy, we conclude that the reaction in both cases is predominantly driven by electron ionization of NH3. Ethylamine is formed via alternative reaction mechanisms by which the resulting NH2˙ radicals add to C2H4 and C2H6, respectively. The similar efficiency of amine formation in unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons demonstrates that electron irradiation in the presence of NH3 is a more versatile tool for introducing nitrogen into carbonaceous materials than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Boeckers
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry (IAPC), Fachbereich 2 (Chemie/Biologie), University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5 (NW2), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Martin Philipp Mues
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry (IAPC), Fachbereich 2 (Chemie/Biologie), University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5 (NW2), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Paderborn University, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Bredehöft
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry (IAPC), Fachbereich 2 (Chemie/Biologie), University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5 (NW2), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Petra Swiderek
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry (IAPC), Fachbereich 2 (Chemie/Biologie), University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5 (NW2), 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Wang L, Wang T, Hao R, Wang Y. Synthesis and applications of biomass-derived porous carbon materials in energy utilization and environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139635. [PMID: 37495055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Renewable biomass and its waste are considered among the most promising applications materials owing to the depletion of fossil fuel and concerns about environmental pollution. Notably, advanced porous carbon materials derived from carbon-rich biomass precursors exhibit controllable pore structures, large surface areas, natural microstructures, and abundant functional groups. In addition, these three-dimensional structures provide sufficient reaction sites and fascinating physicochemical properties that are conducive to heteroatom doping and functional modification. This review systematically summarizes the design methods and related mechanisms of biomass-derived porous carbon materials (BDPCMs), discusses how the synthesis conditions influence the structure and performance of the carbon material, and emphasizes the importance of its use in energy utilization and environmental remediation applications. Current BDPCMs challenges and future development strategies are finally discussed to provide systematic information for further synthesis and performance optimization, which are expected to lead to novel ideas for the future development of bio-based carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruidi Hao
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
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Quan C, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu C, Gao N. Biomass-based carbon materials for CO2 capture: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Delgado-Marín JJ, Martín-García I, Villalgordo-Hernández D, Alonso F, Ramos-Fernández EV, Narciso J. Valorization of CO 2 through the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by ZIFs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227791. [PMID: 36431891 PMCID: PMC9699457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One way to exploit CO2 is to use it as a feedstock for the production of cyclic carbonates via its reaction with organic epoxides. As far as we know, there is still no heterogeneous catalyst that accelerates the reaction in a selective, efficient and industrially usable way. Cobalt and zinc-based zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have been explored as heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction. In particular, we have prepared ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 catalysts, which have been modified by partial replacement of 2-methylimidazole by 1,2,4-triazole, in order to introduce uncoordinated nitrogen groups with the metal. The catalysts have shown very good catalytic performance, within the best of the heterogeneous catalysts tested in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epichlorohydrin. The catalytic activity is due ultimately to defects on the outer surface of the crystal, and varies in the order of ZIF-67-m > ZIF-67 > ZiF-8-m = ZIF-8. Notably, reactions take place under mild reaction conditions and without the use of co-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Delgado-Marín
- Instituto de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Iris Martín-García
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - David Villalgordo-Hernández
- Instituto de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique V. Ramos-Fernández
- Instituto de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier Narciso
- Instituto de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Delgado-Marín JJ, Narciso J, Ramos-Fernández EV. Effect of the Synthesis Conditions of MIL-100(Fe) on Its Catalytic Properties and Stability under Reaction Conditions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6499. [PMID: 36143813 PMCID: PMC9501526 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MIL-100(Fe) is a metal-organic framework (MOF) characterized by the presence of Lewis acid and Fe(II/III) redox sites. In this work, different synthesis methods for the preparation of MIL-100(Fe) are studied. Depending on the source of fluorine, different phases can be obtained: MIL-100(Fe) and an Fe trimesate with unknown structure which we call Fe(BTC). These materials were characterized using numerous techniques and applied in the reaction of CO2 cycloaddition with epichlorohydrin, a reaction catalyzed by Lewis acid sites. It was observed that samples with more Fe(BTC) phase were more active in the reaction. However, all samples, under reaction conditions, transformed into a less active phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Delgado-Marín
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Narciso
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique V. Ramos-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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Figueroa-Quintero L, Ramos-Fernandez EV, Narciso J. Synthesis and Characterization of the Metal–Organic Framework CIM-80 for Organic Compounds Adsorption. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155326. [PMID: 35955255 PMCID: PMC9369949 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOF) are a new type of porous materials that have great potential for adsorption of voltaic organic compounds (VOCs). These types of materials composed of metal ions and organic ligands are easy to synthesize, have high surface areas, their surface chemistry can be adjusted to the desired application, and they can also have good chemical and thermal stability. Therefore, this work focuses on the synthesis of a highly hydrophobic MOF material called CIM-80, a porous material that is made up of the Al3+ cation and the mesaconate linker. This MOF has a B.E.T. of approximately 800 m2/g and has potential applications for the adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds. However, its synthesis is expensive and very dirty. Therefore, we have studied the synthesis conditions necessary to achieve high synthesis yields (85%) and materials with high crystallinity and accessible porosity. To achieve these results, we have used urea as a mild deprotonation reagent and modulator as an alternative to NaOH, which is traditionally used for the synthesis of this MOF. Once the synthesis of this material was controlled, its adsorption/desorption behavior of water and organic compounds such as toluene, cyclohexane and m-xylene was studied by means of vapor adsorption isotherms. The results show the hydrophobic character of the material and the greater affinity the material has toward aliphatic compounds than toward aromatic ones, with toluene being the most adsorbed compound, followed by cyclohexane and m-xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Figueroa-Quintero
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-Q.); (E.V.R.-F.)
| | - Enrique Vicente Ramos-Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-Q.); (E.V.R.-F.)
| | - Javier Narciso
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-Q.); (E.V.R.-F.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
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