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Lai CF, Lin CP, Lee YC. Enhancement of Light Efficiency of Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes by Encapsulation with a 3D Photonic Crystal Reflecting Layer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:983. [PMID: 38869608 PMCID: PMC11173468 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, UVC LEDs, which emit deep ultraviolet light, have found extensive applications across various fields. This study demonstrates the design and implementation of thin films of three-dimensional photonic crystals (3D PhCs) as reflectors to enhance the light output power (LOP) of UVC LEDs. The 3D PhC reflectors were prepared using the self-assembly of silica nanospheres on a UVC LED lead frame substrate via the evaporation-induced method (side) and the gravitational sedimentation method (bottom), respectively. These PhCs with the (111) crystallographic plane were deposited on the side wall and bottom of the UVC LED lead frame, acting as functional materials to reflect UVC light. The LOP of UVC LEDs with 3D PhC reflectors at a driving current of 100 mA reached 19.6 mW. This represented a 30% enhancement compared to commercial UVC LEDs with Au-plated reflectors, due to the UVC light reflection by the photonic band gaps of 3D PhCs in the (111) crystallographic plane. Furthermore, after aging tests at 60 °C and 60% relative humidity for 1000 h, the relative LOP of UVC LEDs with 3D PhC reflectors decreased by 7%, which is better than that of commercial UVC LEDs. Thus, this study offers potential methods for enhancing the light output efficiency of commercial UVC light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lai
- Department of Photonics, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Peng Lin
- Lextar Electronics Corp., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30075, Taiwan; (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Chun Lee
- Lextar Electronics Corp., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30075, Taiwan; (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
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Terçola AL, Poester VR, Munhoz LS, Ramos DF, Porte AF, Galarça MM, Xavier MO. Ultraviolet light C prototype device against Sporothrix brasiliensis as a potential physical method for surface disinfection. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1619-1623. [PMID: 38684637 PMCID: PMC11153413 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix brasiliensis is recognized as an emergent fungal pathogen and the high amount of fungal propagules in the lesions of infected cats allows the contamination of surfaces by direct contact. Given that the environment can play a role in the transmission of this fungus, effective methods to eliminate this pathogen from contaminated surfaces are necessary. Physical methods, such as ultraviolet light C (UVC), are broad used for surfaces disinfection, however, non-data about its activity against S. brasiliensis is reported. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate an easy handled prototype of a UVC device, in the inhibition of S. brasiliensis. Three doses and times of exposure of irradiance were tested: 3.5 mJ/cm2 (1 s), 5.25 mJ/cm2 (1.5 s) and 329 mJ/cm2 (94 s) against a standardized inoculum of yeast and mold phase of S. brasiliensis. A decrease in CFU was shown in all doses of irradiance in both phases of S. brasiliensis, the average reduction ranged from 78 to 100% among doses, being a complete fungicidal activity achieved against the yeast phase after the 94 s exposure (329 mJ/cm2). Our data shows that UVC is a potential physical method for disinfection of surfaces contaminated with S. brasiliensis, and the prototype device developed provides an easy handling, and quickly results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luis Terçola
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Campus Saúde. Visconde de Paranaguá 102, Centro, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Campus Saúde. Visconde de Paranaguá 102, Centro, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 96201-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, FAMED, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia Silveira Munhoz
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Campus Saúde. Visconde de Paranaguá 102, Centro, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 96201-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, FAMED, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, FAMED, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (LADEFA), FAMED, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Favero Porte
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande Do Sul (IFRS), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Moraes Galarça
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande Do Sul (IFRS), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Campus Saúde. Visconde de Paranaguá 102, Centro, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 96201-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, FAMED, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Rito B, Matos L, Proença DN, Morais PV. Kinetics of inactivation of bacteria responsible for infections in hospitals using UV-LED. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30738. [PMID: 38765034 PMCID: PMC11096922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the microbial load in the environment is crucial to prevent the spread of organisms. The continuous spread of nosocomial infections in hospital facilities and the emergence of the coronavirus (COVID-19) highlighted the importance of disinfection processes in health safety. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LED-based disinfection lamps on bacteria from the ESKAPEE group and virus phage in vitro inactivation to be applied in hospital environments and health facilities disinfection. This study evaluated the effect of different UV wavelengths (275 nm, 280 nm (UVC), 310 nm (UVB) and 340 nm (UVA)) on the disinfection process of various microbial indicators including E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and Bacteriophage lambda DSM 4499. Exposure time (5 min-30 min), exposure distance (0.25 m and 0.5 m) and surface materials (glass, steel, and polished wood) were evaluated on the disinfection efficiency. Furthermore, the study determined the recovery capacity of each species after UV damage. UVC-LED lamps could inactivate 99.99 % of microbial indicators after 20 min exposures at a 0.5 m distance. The exposure time needed to completely inactivate E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and Bacteriophage lambda DSM 4499 can be decreased by reducing the exposure distance. UVB-LED and UVA-LED lamps were not able to promote a log reduction of 4 and were not effective on B. subtilis or bacteriophage lambda DSM 4499 inactivation. Thus, only UVC-LED lamps were tested on the decontamination of different surface materials, which was successful. P. aeruginosa showed the ability to recover from UV damage, but its inactivation rate remains 99.99 %, and spores from B. subtilis were not completely inactivated. Nevertheless, the inactivation rate of these indicators remained at 99.99 % with 24 h incubation after UVC irradiation. UVC-LED lamps emitting 280 nm were the most indicated to disinfect surfaces from microorganisms usually found in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rito
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Matos
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo N. Proença
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula V. Morais
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Calcada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sicher C, Opitz N, Becker PE, Lobo Ploch N, Schleusener J, Kneissl M, Kramer A, Zwicker P. Efficacy of 233 nm LED far UV-C-radiation against clinically relevant bacterial strains in the phase 2/ step 2 in vitro test on basis of EN 14561 and on an epidermis cell model. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105320. [PMID: 38461969 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare-acquired infections and overuse of antibiotics are a common problem. Rising emergence of antibiotic and antiseptic resistances requires new methods of microbial decontamination or decolonization as the use of far-UV-C radiation. METHODS The microbicidal efficacy of UV-C radiation (222 nm, 233 nm, 254 nm) was determined in a quantitative carrier test and on 3D-epidermis models against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, S.epidermidis, S.haemolyticus, S.lugdunensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To mimic realistic conditions, sodium chloride solution, mucin, albumin, artificial saliva, artificial wound exudate and artificial sweat were used. RESULTS In sodium chloride solution, irradiation with a dose of 40 mJ/cm2 (233 nm) was sufficient to achieve 5 lg reduction independent of bacteria genus or species. In artificial sweat, albumin and artificial wound exudate, a reduction >3 lg was reached for most of the bacteria. Mucin and artificial saliva decreased the reduction to <2 lg. On 3D epidermis models, reduction was lower than in the carrier test. CONCLUSION UV-C radiation at 233 nm was proven to be efficient in bacteria inactivation independent of genus or species thus being a promising candidate for clinical use in the presence of humans and on skin/mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sicher
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nevin Opitz
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pia Elen Becker
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neysha Lobo Ploch
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut gGmbH, Leibniz-Institut Für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kneissl
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut gGmbH, Leibniz-Institut Für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paula Zwicker
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Adam C, Colin M, Stock R, Weiss L, Gangloff SC. UVC Box: An Effective Way to Quickly Decontaminate Healthcare Facilities' Wheelchairs. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38398765 PMCID: PMC10890712 DOI: 10.3390/life14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Disinfection in the hospital environment remains challenging, especially for wide and structurally complex objects such as beds or wheelchairs. Indeed, the regular disinfection of these objects with chemicals is manually carried out by healthcare workers and is fastidious and time-consuming. Alternative antibacterial techniques were thus proposed in the past decades, including the use of naturally antimicrobial UVC. Here, the antibacterial efficiency of a large UVC box built to accommodate wheelchairs was investigated through testing bacterial burden reductions on various parts of a wheelchair, with various support types and with several treatment durations. The results demonstrate a time-dependent antibacterial effect, with a strong burden reduction at only five minutes of treatment (>3-log median reduction in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis). The UVC flux and residual bacterial burden both significantly varied depending on the spatial location on the wheelchair. However, the nature of the support impacted the antibacterial efficiency even more, with residual bacterial burdens being the lowest on rigid materials (steel, plastics) and being the highest on tissue. On metallic samples, the nature of the alloy and surface treatment had various impacts on the antibacterial efficiency of the UVC. This study highlights the efficiency of the tested UVC box to efficiently and quickly decontaminate complex objects such as wheelchairs, but also gives rise to the warning to focus on rigid materials and avoid porous materials in the conception of objects, so as to ensure the efficiency of UVC decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Adam
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UR 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), UFR de Pharmacie, SFR CAP-Santé, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France (S.C.G.)
| | - Marius Colin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UR 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), UFR de Pharmacie, SFR CAP-Santé, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France (S.C.G.)
| | - Romuald Stock
- Université de Lorraine, LCOMS, EA7306 Lorraine, France;
| | - Laurent Weiss
- Université de Lorraine LEM 3, UMR CNRS 7239, 7 Rue Félix Savart, 57073 Metz, France;
| | - Sophie C. Gangloff
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UR 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), UFR de Pharmacie, SFR CAP-Santé, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France (S.C.G.)
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Vieira B, Padrão J, Alves C, Silva CJ, Vilaça H, Zille A. Enhancing Functionalization of Health Care Textiles with Gold Nanoparticle-Loaded Hydroxyapatite Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111752. [PMID: 37299655 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hospitals and nursing home wards are areas prone to the propagation of infections and are of particular concern regarding the spreading of dangerous viruses and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB). MDRB infections comprise approximately 20% of cases in hospitals and nursing homes. Healthcare textiles, such as blankets, are ubiquitous in hospitals and nursing home wards and may be easily shared between patients/users without an adequate pre-cleaning process. Therefore, functionalizing these textiles with antimicrobial properties may considerably reduce the microbial load and prevent the propagation of infections, including MDRB. Blankets are mainly comprised of knitted cotton (CO), polyester (PES), and cotton-polyester (CO-PES). These fabrics were functionalized with novel gold-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (AuNPs-HAp) that possess antimicrobial properties, due to the presence of the AuNPs' amine and carboxyl groups, and low propensity to display toxicity. For optimal functionalization of the knitted fabrics, two pre-treatments, four different surfactants, and two incorporation processes were evaluated. Furthermore, exhaustion parameters (time and temperature) were subjected to a design of experiments (DoE) optimization. The concentration of AuNPs-HAp in the fabrics and their washing fastness were critical factors assessed through color difference (ΔE). The best performing knitted fabric was half bleached CO, functionalized using a surfactant combination of Imerol® Jet-B (surfactant A) and Luprintol® Emulsifier PE New (surfactant D) through exhaustion at 70 °C for 10 min. This knitted CO displayed antibacterial properties even after 20 washing cycles, showing its potential to be used in comfort textiles within healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Vieira
- CITEVE, Technological Centre for the Textile & Clothing Industry, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cátia Alves
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Joana Silva
- CITEVE, Technological Centre for the Textile & Clothing Industry, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Helena Vilaça
- CITEVE, Technological Centre for the Textile & Clothing Industry, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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A novel exposure mode based on UVA-LEDs for bacterial inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 239:112641. [PMID: 36610349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging UV source, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are increasingly being used for disinfection purposes. UVA-LEDs have a higher output power, lower cost, and stronger penetration and cause less harm than UVC-LEDs. In this study, a novel exposure mode based on UVA was proposed and well demonstrated by various experiments using S. aureus as an indicator. Compared with single-dose exposure, fractionated exposure with a 15 min interval between treatments resulted in increased S. aureus inactivation. A longer interval or lower first irradiation dose was unfavorable for inactivation. Fractionated exposure changed the inactivation rate constant and eliminated the shoulder in the fluence-response curves. This resulted in changing the sensitivity of bacteria to UVA and improving bacterial inactivation. Moreover, the fractioned exposure mode has universality for various bacteria (including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria). S. aureus was not reactivated by photoreactivation or dark repair after UVA treatment. As expected, the cells were damaged more seriously after fractionated exposure, further suggesting the advantages of this new exposure mode. In addition, the mechanism by which bacteria were inactivated after fractionated exposure was investigated, and it was found that •OH played an important role. A longer interval between treatments showed an adverse effect on inactivation, mainly due to the reduction of •OH and recovery of intracellular GSH. In summary, the current work provides novel ideas for the application of UVA-LEDs, which will give more choices for disinfection treatment.
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